RU2462441C1 - Method of producing cellulose nitrates from air suspension of particles of wood wastes and apparatus for realising said method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: method involves putting starting material, which is an air suspension obtained from ground wood wastes (e.g., sawdust, shavings, branches), into a vessel. Compounds which enable the release of nitrogen-containing groups during synthesis of the end product are also fed into said vessel, said compounds being nitrogen gas which is part of atmospheric air. The method is carried out by exposing all processed components to a physical field with strength of 1.5×10³-1×10⁶ A/m and frequency 40-70 Hz. The size of the particles of the components of the suspension is in the range of 0.02-1.0 mm, content thereof being equal to 20-40% of the volume of the vessel. An apparatus is disclosed for realising the method, having a vessel and working parts which enable to generate the physical field. The invention eliminates the need to use expensive starting materials and observe high safety requirements for components involved in the process. The cellulose nitrates obtained after processing can be used for their direct purpose without any additional final operations.

EFFECT: apparatus is characterised by simple design and high operational reliability.

4 cl

Description

The invention relates to technologies for producing cellulose nitrates from cellulose-based feedstocks, as well as to devices used in the process of performing such technologies.

A known method of producing cellulose nitrate from synthesized during the implementation of special processing of wood feedstock.

In its implementation, the crushed wood is pre-treated with a physical field (DE 19847755, С06В 25/18, publ. 20.04.2000). Processing is carried out in a specially designed device. After pretreatment, the pulp is transferred to the nitration step. The known method facilitates the process of nitration and improves the quality of the resulting product.

The disadvantage of this method is the presence of an additional stage of pulp processing using appropriate equipment, as well as the use of a mixture of concentrated acids - nitric and sulfuric when nitrating.

First of all, this is explained by the need to use expensive starting materials: peeled short-fiber cotton and a mixture of concentrated acids - nitric and sulfuric.

Work with these chemically active materials - i.e. acids, is associated with the need to comply with a number of requirements that provide increased safety, the implementation of which should guarantee the protection of personnel serving this production, as well as provide protection from harmful emissions in the environment surrounding this production.

In the above case of the synthesis of cellulose nitrates using a known method (hereinafter - the prototype), the costs of its implementation are unacceptably high.

The objective of the proposed method for producing cellulose nitrates is to reduce the costs necessary for its implementation.

The achievement of the above objectives in the proposed method and device is provided due to the presence of the following factors. The proposed method includes processing the feedstock in the internal cavity of the container used in its implementation. The latter introduces nitrogen-containing compounds that ensure the synthesis of cellulose nitrates during the process. In addition, when implementing the process, a specially created physical field is applied that acts on all these components involved in its course directly in the working area itself.

New in the method is that the mass of the raw material filling the tank is an air suspension obtained from wood waste particles. The dimensions of the suspension of these particles are 0.02-1.0 mm. The content of such components in the latter is 20-40% of its total volume. As the same emitting nitrogen-containing groups of the compounds in the proposed method, gas-nitrogen, which is part of the atmospheric air, is used. The physical field used during processing is an alternating rotating magnetic field.

Its tension in the working area is 1.5 × 10 ³ ÷ 1 × 10 ⁶ A / m, and the frequency is 40-70 Hz. When carrying out this kind of processing, a container with raw materials loaded into it serves as a closing connecting link for the current generated by the applied magnetic system and generated in it. In addition, in the thickness of the sediment deposited at the bottom of the applied tank, compressed air jets are supplied under an overpressure of 0.1–0.3 kgf / cm ² , forming the so-called “fluidized bed” in this area.

Used in the implementation of the proposed method, the device consists of the following elements. First of all, it contains a container for accommodating the processed mixture. It also includes working elements that ensure the formation of the physical field acting on the processed particles of the raw material and nitrogen compounds. These work items are connected to an external power source.

New in the device is that its working elements are made in the form of stacked plates of magnetically conductive material. The latter, when they are jointly mounted with each other, form a closed rectangular contour. At the same time, three winding coils are placed in the body of its individual elements, and each of these winding coils is connected to the corresponding separate phase of an external three-phase electric power source. In one of the components that make up the circuit of the generator, a through groove is made, the dimensions of which ensure the placement of a container containing the processed air suspension.

In addition to all this, a lid is installed on the upper part of this tank, at its end. Its purpose is to isolate the internal volume of the tank from its direct connection with the external environment surrounding the device. At the bottom of the tank, a nozzle is muffled from the end part, in the walls of which perforation holes are made.

The latter provide the outlet to the bottom layers surrounding the nozzle of the product of the jets of compressed air supplied through them.

Its internal cavity is connected to the supply of compressed air under excessive pressure by an external line.

When using the entire set of the above features of the proposed method, as well as in the design of the device used during its implementation, the nature of the processing process during its implementation undergoes the following changes.

At the initial stages of this process, preliminary preparation of the raw material used to produce nitrates is carried out. Last before the very beginning of its implementation passes through the operation of the so-called "fine grinding".

Such grinding of the used feedstock, namely sawdust, shavings, wood chips, thin branches, can be performed using any currently known technologies, for example, using widely used ball mills.

After completion of this operation, the feedstock is transformed into fine particles with overall dimensions from 0.02 to 1.0 mm.

The finished finely divided mass that has undergone such grinding is then “dried” in the oven at a temperature of 120 ° -150 ° C for 30-50 minutes. At this stage, the preliminary preparation of raw materials for its subsequent processing can be considered completed.

The pulverized raw material mass obtained from wood waste is then placed in the internal cavity of the processing vessel 3.

The raw material placed in the container 3 then passes through an operation of mixing it with the volume of air filling its internal cavity. As a result of all this, a stable, dusty suspension is formed in the latter. The operation of mixing the above components in the volume of the tank 3 can be carried out using any known techniques, for example, using a mechanical paddle mixer introduced into the vessel or by supplying compressed air jets to the bottom of it from a special nozzle.

After receiving such a suspension, the tank 3 is closed by a lid 8 and installed in the through groove "B" of the magnetic flux generator.

The perforated pipe 6 used to supply compressed air to the container 3, after the operation of its installation in the generator is completed, is connected to the external supply line.

At the end of all of the above transitions, all winding-coils 2 (see Fig. 1) of the generator used are connected to the corresponding phases of the external power source (not shown in the drawing).

Each of these three winding coils 2 when it receives an alternating electric current supplied from the corresponding phases of an external power source, begins to generate its own magnetic field.

Since all windings-coils 2 used in the circuit are mounted in the corresponding mounting windows (not shown in the drawing) made directly in the volume of the magnetically conductive working elements 1, the individual magnetic fluxes generated by them are combined using the latter into a single total. Thus, a common magnetic field is created in the circuit, formed using these three separate components obtained in the installation zones of each of the above-mentioned winding coils 2. Since the alternating current supplied for their power supply in each of the phases of the external source has angular shifts of the components of its sinusoidal waves with respect to the same neighboring ones, the total magnetic field formed in this way is obtained not only alternating, but also as if carrying out a “rotation” in the surrounding spatial lusty.

One should also pay attention to the fact that the total magnetic flux formed in the generator circuit when it is turned on will tend to close its halves torn by groove “B”, as if connecting them into a single whole (creating a kind of closed “loop”).

In the process of doing this, he inevitably makes a "slip" through the internal cavity of the tank 3, filled with particles 4 of the processed raw material.

The latter, in the course of this kind of transition from one half of the circuit to the other, plays the role of a closing connecting link in the magnetically conducting system used to perform this processing. Those. it becomes a kind of “step”, based on which this transition between the working elements 1 of this kind of magnetic field generator becomes feasible with the least possible energy loss.

All of the above provides the maximum possible concentration of the lines of force generated in the device of the magnetic field directly in the zone of the process of obtaining from the raw particles 4 the final product of their processing - cellulose nitrate fibers 5.

Accordingly, the resulting vector of the total magnetic flux formed in the same region performs oscillatory angular displacements there, while transferring the zone of its influence to the surrounding particles of raw material 4 over all three spatial coordinates (x; y; z).

In addition, in the process of this, the latter changes not only the direction of action, but also its magnitude (with a given frequency of 40-70 Hz).

If we connect with the help of curved lines the points of finding its end, circling the parts of the spatial volume surrounding this vector for a pre-selected certain time period, we get a figure that is in shape closest to a three-dimensional “ellipsoid”. (See zone "D" in figure 1.)

The narrowing of its front and rear ends is determined by the increase in magnetic resistance, which inevitably appears due to the occurrence of mounting gaps "a" at the time of installation of the tank 3 in the generator.

Since this resulting vector performs the whole set of the above actions in the internal cavity of the vessel 3 filled with the processed medium, the whole particles of raw materials 4, as well as the nitrogen gas molecules, are hit by a series of periodically repeating (40-70 Hz) “shocks” "And" strokes. " Under their influence, the atoms of their molecules that form and form part of these components will inevitably be activated, the electrons of which transfer to higher orbits relative to their core. In this case, the previously existing molecular covalent and structural bonds are broken, and new radicals appear in the treatment zone from among the previously included in the initial organic complex compounds. As a result of this, activated molecular fragments appear in the processing zone itself, which previously made up the polymer chain of the molecules of cellulose itself, other structures present in the wood, and, in addition, nitrogen ions.

When a whole series of reactions proceeds later, these components thus obtained form the “nuclei” of a new compound that was previously absent in the raw material, namely cellulose nitrate.

Other substances, like cellulose, which are part of wood (lignin, pentosans, mannan, galactan, uronic acids), decompose into individual radicals. The latter partially fulfill the role of an additional “building” material in the course of the synthesis of “nuclei” of cellulose nitrates or form new gas microvolumes (for example, such as methane), which subsequently exit the cavity of the vessel directly into the atmosphere. Since the “nuclei” of cellulose nitrates obtained in the zone of such an energy effect have a rather high bulk density (1.68-1.76 g / cm ³ ), they settle under the action of gravitational forces, falling to the bottom of the tank 3. Moving in a vertical direction, the "embryos" of the newly obtained compounds capture along the road small particles 4 of the surrounding raw material mass, fouling with a kind of "fur coat".

Once in the lower part of the cavity of the tank 3, they create a “bottom layer” artificially formed due to the action of these factors. As soon as jets of compressed air supplied under excess pressure (0.1 ÷ 0.3 kgf / cm ² ) begin to flow into the thickness of the latter, the components entering into it under the influence of the latter begin to make intense oscillatory movements. This creates the so-called "fluidized bed".

The above processes, due to the action of an alternating rotating magnetic field on the compounds entering the “bottom layers”, proceed in this area in the same way as in the rest of the raw material suspension processed in the device.

The differences in the implementation of this kind of process in this region of the cavity of the tank 3 will consist only in the fact that under the conditions of the “fluidized bed” formed in it, the number of new compounds from the so-called “building” elements that appear therein increases significantly.

The list of the latter includes the production of carbon and oxygen atoms during the destruction of the remaining materials making up the wood (except for cellulose itself), as well as generating additional nitro-containing structural groups of nitrogen atoms.

Nitrogen ions, as mentioned earlier, are formed from the volumes of nitrogen gas supplied to the treatment zone, which is part of the compressed air used. All of the above allows us to significantly intensify the process of obtaining cellulose nitrates from the used mass of the feedstock, and also creates conditions for its formation in the form of fiber clusters having overall dimensions within 3-7 mm, which grow there from the “embryos” that have previously settled on the bottom of the tank.

The remaining components of wood, as mentioned earlier, also included in its composition, are destroyed into constituent elements and serve as a building material that ensures the process of synthesis of nitrates, as well as forming microvolumes of hydrocarbon gases that enter the atmosphere.

In the bottom region of the tank 3, thus, at the end of the processing process, a homogeneous dense pulp is accumulated, containing only cellulose nitrates obtained with its help.

The predominant formation of this compound in the process of performing a powerful energy impact on the processed multicomponent raw material mass is explained by the fact that only the above structure has the minimum possible value of its internal energy under the conditions of the energy balance in the processing zone, from the entire possible set of synthesis options for the compounds present there.

The proposed treatment itself is carried out at room temperature (18-27 ° C), using a pressure range that is only slightly different from atmospheric (0.1 ÷ 0.3 kgf / cm ² more than the original).

The yield of the final product from the raw material used is in the range of 56% -74.2%, depending on the content of the main starting component, i.e. cellulose itself in the raw material used.

The rest of it is formed by gas products that enter directly into the atmosphere or into trapping systems designed for their disposal.

It should also be noted that the final product obtained during processing, cellulose nitrates, has a number of specific properties that distinguish them from similar ones, but synthesized using well-known classical methods.

The structural formula of nitrate obtained using the proposed technology will be as follows.

That is, with respect to cellulose nitrates obtained by known methods, the above compounds contain in the molecules not four, but four nitrogen-containing O-NO ₂ groups. In addition, the number of carbon atoms (from six to eight) and, accordingly, oxygen increases in the composition of such nitrates.

The obtained nitrates have a higher bulk density - it is 1.66-1.84 g / cm ³ and also a high content of nitrogen atoms in its composition 15.7-16.9%. Their ignition temperature differs slightly from classical trinitrocellulose and amounts to 50-70 ° С. Like trinitrocellulose obtained in accordance with the proposed method, the final processing product is practically insoluble in water, gasoline, toluene, but it is well soluble in acetone.

For simplicity of presentation of the material, a product resembling trinitrocellulose will be hereinafter referred to due to the great similarity in the obtained properties to the latter as “quadronitrocellulose”.

"Quadronitrocellulose" is a dense yellow-gray mass formed by the accumulation of short fibers, the length of which is in the range of 3-7 mm.

Like trinitrocellulose, the proposed product can be successfully used as smokeless powder (like “pyroxylin”). At the same time, it does not require the introduction of any kind of additional additives. The refractories obtained on its basis have increased power and have good ballistic characteristics.

Kvadronitrocellulose retains all its properties and after a sufficiently long shelf life. So, the characteristics of the fire extinguishers made with its use during the year remain exactly the same as in the very initial period after the process of equipping them with this kind of explosive.

Further, the implementation of the proposed method is illustrated using the following examples.

Example 1. To obtain cellulose nitrates, sawdust and wood chips were used, obtained during the manufacture of sawn timber from Norway spruce.

The cellulose content in them was 46.3%. The rest - up to 100% - lignin, pentosans, mannan, galactan, uronic acids.

Before the start of the processing process, additional grinding of sawdust and wood chips was carried out to obtain fine particles with dimensions from 0.02 to 1 mm in a ball mill.

The resulting raw material mass was dried in an oven at 120 ° C for 50 minutes.

After that, she poured into the cavity of the tank with a capacity of 5 liters. The volume of particles of wood poured into the tank was 20% relative to its own internal wood.

After completion of the operation of filling the tank 3, the bottom was obtained obtained after its implementation of the dusty sediment with the help of a mechanical mixer introduced there until a uniform, opaque stable suspension was obtained in it, filling evenly its entire internal cavity.

After this transition, the container 3 was closed by a lid 8, and it was mounted in the installation groove "B" of the magnetic field generator (see figure 1).

After the installation operation of the tank 3 in the generator was completed, the perforated pipe 6 was connected to the external main supplying compressed air.

Simultaneously with the supply of compressed air under an overpressure of 0.1 kgf / cm ² , all three windings-coils 2 of the magnetic field generator were connected to their external electric power source.

The intensity of the magnetic field measured in the processing zone, measured with a Hall sensor and a measuring bridge, was 1 × 10 ⁶ A / m; the magnetic field frequency was 70 Hz.

After one minute from the moment the generator was turned on, the suspension filling the entire internal cavity of the tank became transparent, and a dense yellowish-gray fibrous precipitate formed at the bottom. The length of its constituent fibers of quadronitrocellulose was in the range from 2 to 4 mm. Considering the fact that atomic nitrogen, which is part of atmospheric gases, as well as fragments from other molecular compounds, which are also components of wood, were added to the cellulose in the initial raw material mass, the total amount of nitrates obtained was 60.4% relative to the raw material used in the processing.

The bulk density of the quadronitrocellulose settled on the bottom of the tank corresponded to a value of 1.72 g / cm ³ . Its ignition temperature was 50 ° C.

The remainder of the raw materials used during the processing was made up of new gas compounds released into the atmosphere.

Example 2. According to the same scheme as described in example 1, the processing of wood raw materials (shavings, small branches) was carried out, containing 35.5% of cellulose particles included in it (waste from processing fluffy birch trunks).

As in the previously mentioned case, the shavings and small branches that make up the waste used were crushed in a ball mill to obtain particles with dimensions of 0.02-1.0 mm. The resulting raw material mass was dried in an oven at 150 ° C for 30 minutes.

After that, it was placed in the cavity of the tank 3, while its volume was 40% of the volume of the latter.

After completing all the transitions necessary for processing (see the data specified in Example 1), an operation was carried out to obtain the necessary final product from this raw material mass.

The processing was carried out with the supply to the bottom region of the tank 3 of compressed air under an overpressure of 0.3 kgf / cm ² . The magnetic field strength in the treatment zone was 1.5 × 10 ³ A / m at a frequency of 40 Hz.

Its execution time was 4 minutes. The output of the final processing product from the entire initial mass as a result of its implementation corresponded to a value of 56.1%.

The length of the fibers constituting the dense precipitate deposited on the bottom of the vessel was in the range from 1 mm to 3 mm. The number of nitrates included in the composition of the molecules calculated in terms of nitrogen atoms was 15.7%. The bulk density of the obtained quadronitrocellulose was equal to 1.66 g / cm ³ . Ignition of the resulting product occurred at a temperature of 62 ° C.

Example 3. In accordance with the processing schemes described in examples 1, 2, the processing of the raw mix obtained from waste wood (twigs, knots) of ordinary pine was carried out.

The cellulose content in this feed was 49.7%.

As in examples 1, 2, this kind of wood waste was crushed using a ball mill to obtain particles with overall dimensions of 0.02 ÷ 1.0 mm. The resulting mass of such raw materials was dried in an oven at 135 ° C for 45 minutes.

After the installation of a container 3 containing this suspension in a magnetic field generator, compressed air was supplied to its bottom part under an overpressure of 0.2 kgf / cm ² .

The magnetic field strength during the processing process was 8.4 × 10 ⁴ A / m. Its frequency corresponded to 50 Hz.

The processing time was 2.8 minutes.

The amount of the final product obtained at the end of the process was 74.2% of the total amount of raw material used.

The resulting product - “quadronitrocellulose”, was formed in the form of a dense grayish-yellow precipitate of fibers, the length of which corresponded to 5-7 mm.

The ignition temperature of this final product was 70 ° C. Its bulk density corresponded to a value of 1.84 g / cm ³ . The nitrogen content in its structure corresponded to 16.9%.

To verify the applicability of the final product obtained using the proposed method as smokeless powder (pyroxylin), the following experiment was carried out.

In the standard cartridge for the hunting AKC rifle with a caliber of 7.62 / 40, the existing filler (pyroxylin) was replaced with the final product obtained according to the scheme shown in example 3.

After such a replacement in the filler cartridges, the test tubes obtained in this way were tested for compliance with their ballistic characteristics that are available in standard samples.

The firing range was chosen equal to 500 m. At the end of the assigned distance, a pine board 50 mm thick was installed.

Shots were fired at the target indicated above using standard ammunition for the AKC carbine, as well as equipped with the final product obtained in Example 3.

The number of both in the batches used to carry out the tests corresponds to ten.

In the course of the implementation of the latter, it was found that the bullets of a standard fireplug get stuck in the thickness of the target used, protruding relative to its front plane by an amount equal to 1/2 or 1/3 of its own length.

The bullets fired with the help of a fire gun equipped with the proposed final product - “quadronitrocellulose”, pierce this kind of target through and continue the flight further.

After storing such “experienced” fire-arms during the course of the calendar year, no decrease in ballistic characteristics was detected in this manufactured batch.

The shot itself, with the use of this kind of end product in the firearms, is accompanied only by light popping, the rumble of the shot was almost inaudible. This circumstance indirectly indicates the high initial speed developed by the bullet when exiting the edge of the carbine barrel (comparable to or greater than the speed of sound).

Those. The tests performed confirmed the possibility of using the obtained cellulose nitrates instead of pyroxylin, provided information on their higher power, and also proved the fact of their high stability.

The choice of values used during the processing of magnetic field parameters, as well as other technological characteristics, was carried out on the basis of the following considerations.

The particle sizes of the raw materials are 0.02-1.0 mm and the above-mentioned limits for filling the inner cavity in the tank with 3 - 20-40% of its volume are assigned on the basis of the need to form with their use a stable dusty air suspension. The latter should not be stratified into separate components for the time period necessary to complete the process. The limits of the magnetic field are selected due to the following considerations. When applying the values of the intensity of the latter, less than 1.5 × 10 ³ A / m, it is not possible to synthesize cellulose nitrates, which should guarantee “impregnation” of all the layers constituting the volume of the raw material particles involved in the processing with this newly created compound.

The use of field strengths greater than 1 × 10 ⁶ A / m does not provide any additional benefits during this kind of processing process.

But at the same time, the costs of technological energy necessary for its implementation are significantly increased.

The boundaries of the range used during the execution of the method of frequencies of the generated magnetic field are selected taking into account the following.

At frequencies less than 40 Hz, the formation of cellulose nitrates in suspended particles used as raw materials is not ensured. The resulting vector of the total magnetic flux obtained in the process of creating an alternating magnetic field with this value of the frequency range affects them with insufficiently high intensity. Those. he is moving too "sluggishly" in the surrounding cloud of the latter.

On the contrary, at frequencies higher than 70 Hz, such a vector moves so rapidly that the particles falling on the path of its spatial transfer do not have time to interact with it. Again, in this case, the creation of optimal conditions for the formation of cellulose nitrate compounds is not guaranteed.

The purpose of the time interval used in processing is 1 to 4 minutes, based on the following considerations. When its values are less than 1 minute, the structural transformations necessary for the formation of the final product do not have time to finish in the particles used for processing the raw material mass.

When using the values of the time interval greater than 4 minutes, it does not provide any additional positive effect. At the same time, the use of longer than necessary time intervals leads to an increase in the total costs associated with the processing of raw materials into the desired final product.

Based on the same considerations, the assignment of an excess pressure value in the volumes of compressed air supplied to the bottom layer was performed. When the excess pressure is less than 0.1 kgf / cm ² , the productivity of the process for producing cellulose nitrates from the feedstock decreases.

When its values are greater than 0.3 kgf / cm ² , it is not possible to provide additional intensification of the process of developing the final product. At the same time, when using values of its excess pressure greater than the above value, the costs necessary to receive and supply the electric energy used during the processing of compressed air increase.

The drawing shows:

general view of the proposed device - figure 1.

In figure 1, in turn, are indicated:

Position 1 - working elements made of a magnetically conductive material, for example, transformer iron, with the help of which the magnetic circuit itself is formed in the used generator.

Position 2 - winding coils installed directly in the body of the working elements 1 and designed to generate magnetic flux.

Position 3 - capacity for placement in its cavity of an air suspension of particles 4 of the processed raw materials.

Position 4 - particles obtained from wood waste, evenly distributed in the surrounding atmosphere, filling the internal cavity of the tank 3.

Position 5 - cellulose nitrate fibers obtained in the bottom layer of the used tank 3.

Position 6 - perforated pipe, supplying compressed air under excess pressure into the thickness of the sediment lying at the bottom of the tank.

Position 7 - through holes of perforation in the walls of the pipe 6, through which the exit of air jets.

Position 8 is a cover lying on the walls of the tank 3 at its upper open part and isolating its internal volume from direct connection with the surrounding air environment.

The letter "B" is a through groove intended for installation of capacity 3 in a magnetic field generator.

Letters "a" - received during the installation of the housing of the tank 3 in the installation groove "B" air gaps.

The letter "D" is the spatial figure formed by the displacement of the resulting magnetic flux vector, located in the internal cavity of the tank 3.

The letter "P" is the flow direction and the amount of excess pressure in the volumes of compressed air supplied to this precipitate.

The operation of the proposed device depicted in figure 1, proceeds as follows.

Before turning on the magnetic generator, the internal cavity of the tank 3 is filled with the processed suspension.

The above suspension contains particles 4 obtained by crushing wood-containing waste generated during the manufacture of lumber. Particles of this kind during processing are evenly distributed in the cavity of the container 3 in the surrounding column of atmospheric air surrounding them on all sides.

Before the start of the processing process, the tank 3 with the raw material sediment obtained at the bottom is mixed using a mechanical mixer (not shown in the drawing) until the last stable opaque suspension is obtained in the cavity.

Then the container 3 with the particles 4 filling it is closed by a lid 8, isolating the internal cavity of the container from the environment.

The specified cover 8 is laid on its walls located in the upper part of the tank, at its open end.

At the end of this stage, the tank 3 is installed in the through groove "B" of the circuit of the magnetic generator (see figure 1).

After the operation is completed, the cavity of the perforated pipe 6 located in its bottom part is connected to the cavity of the external air supplying compressed air. Such a connection can be made, for example, using a flexible sleeve and a quick coupler mount (not shown).

This ensures the possibility of supplying under excessive pressure into the volume of the tank 3 jets of compressed air passing there through the perforation holes 7 made in the walls of the pipe 6 (see figure 1). At the same time, all three windings-coils 2 are connected to the corresponding phases of an external source of supply of alternating electric current.

When the latter arrives at the above windings-coils 2, acting as solenoids, an alternating magnetic field begins to be created in each of them.

Since all these windings-coils 2 are interconnected to form magnetically conductive elements 1 forming a single contour, subsequently in it, one single total is formed due to the merger of such individual fields.

Due to the fact that the electric current is supplied to the windings-coils 2, the magnetic field obtained in the generator itself will be the same. Owing to the available angular shifts in the phases of this external power source used as wave sinusoidal pulses, the total field obtained with the help of the latter still seems to “rotate” in the area of its effect.

This "rotation" is ensured by means of a supply continuously supplied to each of the three windings-coils 2, supplied from separate phases of the external industrial three-phase current network serving them (not shown).

Since the closed rectangular circuit of the generator is broken by the through groove "B" made in it, the total magnetic flux formed in its working elements 1, which appeared as a result of connecting the latter to the power source, tends to close both halves of the circuit into a single whole.

To do this, the total magnetic flux created in the circuit must "jump" over the region of space occupied by the through groove "B". On the path that runs through the zone of such a “jump”, the flow inevitably intersects with the internal cavity located in this region of the tank 3.

In this case, the latter serves as the "supporting step", which helps to overcome the empty space that separates both halves of the contour, and the above flow passing through this section of it. Those. a container 3 with a suspension of particles 4 placed inside it serves as a closing connecting link for generating an alternating magnetic field and a system created for this purpose.

As a result of all this, a magnetic field is formed directly in the region lying on the path of such a flow, occupied by the volume of the processed suspension, with its maximum achievable parameters for these conditions.

Accordingly, the impact on the particles 4 of the raw material from the side of the latter will be carried out with the highest possible intensity, which ensures optimal conditions for the implementation of their transformation into the desired final product itself.

The zone created in the zone of this magnetic flux transition indicated by the letter “D” (see FIG. 1) is formed by connecting, using curved lines, the points of the final location of the resulting magnetic flux vector at the time of its angular vibrational displacements in all three spatial coordinates.

The “D” zone obtained by merging this kind of separate curves is, ultimately, a spatial ellipsoid, inside which this kind of movement of this vector is actually carried out.

This ellipsoid "D" is entirely located in the volume of the internal cavity of the tank 3, and all the raw particles 4 located there, as well as the gas layers filling it, inevitably turn out to be located directly in the zone of influence of the latter. The effect of the resulting vector formed in this way on the components processed with its help proceeds with periodically changing its direction (frequency 40-70 Hz), as well as its magnitude.

The flatness of the ellipsoid obtained in the processing zone in the front and rear parts is determined by a sharp increase in the total magnetic resistance in the places where the mounting gaps "a" occur (see Fig. 1).

Thus, particles 4 containing cellulose at the time of processing pass through a series of “shocks” and “shocks”.

At the same time, they are applied from all sides and in all possible directions.

Under the influence of all this, the electrons of atoms that make up the compounds subjected to this kind of processing pass from the underlying orbits to their atoms farther from the nucleus. Previously created covalent bonds in the molecules are broken, and they are divided into individual fragments, which exhibit high chemical activity due to the ongoing energy exposure.

The resulting nitrogen ions formed during the course of such processes are combined with these fragments formed near them, creating cellulose nitrates previously absent in this region. Since the newly formed components obtained from a suspension of particles 4 have a higher density, under the influence of gravitational forces they settle on the bottom of the vessel 3. Small “nuclei” of such compounds that have fallen into its bottom region are worn in a fur coat of small raw materials captured along the way, Suspension constituting the layers surrounding them, and, sinking to the bottom, form there this very thickness of the solid sediment planted in the lowest part of the tank 3.

Through the layers of the latter and pass the stream of compressed air supplied through the holes 7 of the pipe 6.

Since their supply is carried out under a slight overpressure, the components that constitute this bottom sediment located in the zone of their influence begin to oscillate, then rising up and down again.

Those. at the bottom of the vessel 3 a so-called "fluidized bed" is formed. Since all of the above processes in its constituent compounds continue to proceed in the same order, the nitrogen “washing” them from all sides and the nitrogen ions obtained from gas molecules have an intense effect on all elements involved in such synthesis. The growth of previously obtained nitrate “nuclei” will also be facilitated by the introduction of fragments of molecules of molecules other than fiber constituting wood into the region of formation of new fibrous formations. The latter arise due to the ongoing destruction of these compounds in the zone of powerful energy exposure (lignin, mannan, galactan, etc. molecules are decomposed into individual fragments).

Thus, the "small nuclei" of cellulose nitrate accumulated in the thickness of the bottom sediment grow into larger fibrous structures 5 (with overall dimensions from 1 to 7 mm) that are clearly visible even with the naked eye.

New gas microvolumes formed during the destruction of other components of the wood (except for cellulose itself) are removed from the internal cavity of the vessel 3. From there, excess volumes of compressed air supplied thereto are removed. The role of the outlet calibration channels in both cases is performed by slot-like gaps formed at the time of installation of the cover 8 on the walls of the container 3, the size of which is 0.005-0.01 mm (not shown in the drawing). Those. the size of the latter is large enough to carry out the release of the corresponding gas volumes, but at the same time it does not allow small particles of raw material loaded into the tank to pass outside (the dimensions of the latter exceed the dimensions of such channels — are within 0.02-1.0 mm) . This same function can, if necessary, be performed by a filter having a fibrous packing (not shown in the drawing).

In this embodiment, such a filter should be passed through through one of the walls of the container, and the packing of the material fibers, the gaps between which are within the stated limits (0.005-0.01 mm), should fill the inside of its open at both ends of the container.

The lid 8 should have a seal in this case, providing a tight seal of the internal volume of the tank 3 from the environment at the time of its closure (not shown in the drawing).

In the proposed case, the simplest possible embodiment of the device is used (see figure 1).

The processing using the proposed device (see figure 1) continues until then, until placed in the internal cavity of the tank 3, the suspension becomes completely transparent. Those. until all particles 4 included in the raw material mass are processed into the final product.

The capture of waste gaseous products arising during the processing of the feedstock can be carried out if necessary with the help of widespread industrial methods used for disposal of the latter.

At the end of the processing process (i.e., after 1-4 minutes), the coil-coil 2 is disconnected from the external power source, and the pipe 6 is disconnected from the external supply line of compressed air.

Capacity 3 with the finished end product is removed from the installation groove "B" of the generator. The insulating cover 8 is removed from it, and the final products are poured out of it into the technological packaging used for their packaging (not shown in the drawing). In the latter, they can be sent to carry out other operations of technological production, which provides for their intended use.

In this case, no additional operations to refine to the required standards the final product obtained in the proposed device should be performed at all.

After completion of all the above transitions, the device freed from the final products of processing will again become ready for the next cycle to obtain the following portions of cellulose nitrates in it.

The external electric power source used to supply energy includes an additional control unit (not shown in the drawing).

Using the latter, the characteristics of the alternating current generator supplied to the winding coils (current, voltage, frequency) and, therefore, the technological parameters of the magnetic field created in the cellulose nitrate synthesis zone (not shown) are adjusted.

Given all of the above, we can conclude that the application of the proposed method for producing nitrates, as well as the device intended for its implementation, can significantly reduce the material costs required to obtain this final product.

This decrease in the value of the latter is ensured primarily by the fact that its production is not associated with the use of expensive imported raw materials (short-fiber cotton), as well as concentrated acids. In the production of cellulose nitrates, only waste from wood processing is used as the main feedstock.

In the proposed method and device, the processing process is carried out at room temperature and in the pressure range, only slightly different from atmospheric.

The implementation of the method does not require the use in the process of processing equipment of supply and exhaust ventilation systems, as well as reactors for the treatment of wastewater used during washing.

Cellulose nitrates produced using the proposed method are characterized by a high content of nitrogen compounds, and as a result, the resulting qualitative characteristics of the product significantly increase if they are used to satisfy any relevant needs of the existing industrial production.

Obtained during the processing of the proposed method, its indicators for the yield of final raw materials from the used source are quite high and depending on the cellulose content in the latter range from 56 to 74%.

The manufacture of the device used in the implementation of the proposed process is not associated with the need to attract significant capital costs and does not require the use of long periods of time for the preparation of production.

This proposed device itself is characterized by a high degree of simplicity of its design and, as a result, has great operational reliability.

Claims (4)

1. A method of producing cellulose nitrate from an air suspension of wood waste particles, comprising placing the feedstock in the inner cavity of the vessel into which the nitrogen-containing compound groups are released during the synthesis of the final product, as well as the impact on all of the components created in the process a physical field processing zone, characterized in that the feedstock filling the container is an air suspension obtained from wood waste particles with abaritami from 0.02 to 1 mm, the content of which is 20-40% of the total volume of the container; and as the compound emitting nitrogen-containing groups, the gas is nitrogen, which is part of the atmospheric air, and the physical field used in the processing is an alternating rotating magnetic field, the intensity of which is 1.5 · 10 ³ ÷ 1 · 10 ⁶ A / m, and the frequency 40-70 Hz, while the capacitance performs the function of a closing connecting link for the flux generated by the applied magnetic system and created in it. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the thickness of the bottom sediment obtained during the processing, jets of compressed air are supplied under its excess pressure equal to 0.1-0.3 kgf / cm ² , creating the so-called "fluidized bed". 3. The device for implementing the method according to claim 1, containing a container for placing the processed mixture in it, as well as working elements that ensure the formation of a physical field acting on the processed raw materials and nitrogen compounds, which are connected to an external electric power source, characterized in that these working elements are made in the form of plates of magnetically conductive material joined together, forming a closed rectangular contour during their installation, and in the body of these components round the individual components are three-winding coils, each of which is connected to a corresponding phase of three-phase external electric power source, and one of these members of the circuit elements is a through slot, whose dimensions allow accommodation therein containing air processed slurry tank. 4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the upper part of the tank has a lid installed on its end that isolates the internal volume of the latter from its direct connection with the external environment surrounding the tank, and a pipe is muffled from the end of the pipe, the walls of which are laid perforation holes are made, providing a conclusion to the surrounding bottom layers of the processed raw material of the jets of compressed air supplied through them, and the internal cavity of this pipe communicates with the external cavity supplying volumes of the latter under excess Mainline trunking.