RU2462033C1 - Method of biological control of phytophagous mites-pests - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture and can be used to protect plants from pests. The method of biological control of phytophagous mites involves the use of predatory mite-eating gall midges. Gall midges are bred and accumulated on the soyabean plants infested with red spider. The plants are cut. Ready biomaterial in the form of eggs, larvae and pupae on soybean plants are packed. Biomaterial is delivered to the place of production and laid on plants.

EFFECT: more effective biological control of phytophagous mites is provided.

3 ex, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular biological protection of plants from pests.

Known methods of combating herbivorous ticks pests of agricultural crops using preparations based on a purified natural complex of avermectins (phytoverms, vertimec, etc.) in closed agrocenoses, for example, on vegetable crops (Biological system for protecting vegetable crops in greenhouses with methods for controlling the activity of harmful and beneficial organisms, edited by academicians Pavlyushin V .A., Dolzhenko V.I., VIZR. - St. Petersburg, 2010. - P. 45.) Or in open agrocenoses, for example, on plums in the fight against plum leaf mites (Cherkezova S.R., Deribazov V.E. Development of effective measures to combat plum leaf mites - Protection and Plant Quarantine, 2010, No. 6. - S.33-35).

The disadvantages of this method include the formation of stable pest populations with prolonged use of avermectin preparations, regardless of the composition of the active substance, which has already happened in greenhouse agrocenoses in vegetable and flower crops. A particularly difficult situation is developing in flower crops, where tick populations with a high level of multiple resistance are noted (Technologies and methods for assessing side effects from pesticides (by the example of overcoming the resistance of pests of protected ground crops), edited by Acad. K.V. Novozhilova. - St. Petersburg .: VIZR, 2008. - S.6-7).

A known method of using a predatory tick of metaseiulus (Metaseiulus occidentalis Nesbitt - Parasitiformes, Phytoseiidae) on various crops of open agrocenoses in combating spider mites cultures in the fight against spider mites. / A.Z. Petrushov, N.N. Kuznetsov, C.I. Chubinishvili and others - Moscow: Central Scientific and Technical Institute, 1992. - S.13-24), where predatory mites are bred and accumulated on green soy plants pre infected with a spider mite, collect predatory mites and lay out on plantings.

The disadvantage of this method is that the western metaseyulus, being an introducted predator of the subtropical zone, is poorly acclimatized in open perennial agrocenoses in the temperate climate of the regions of the North Caucasus, Ciscaucasia, Non-Black Earth. In addition, this method has a limited spectrum of action, because it regulates the number of spider mites only, does not limit the number of other species of herbivorous mites, for example, eriofiidnyh.

A known method of using the predatory tick Phytoseiulus persimilis Ath.-H. on vegetable crops in closed agropenoses (Technological regulations for the production of phytoseyulyus, VNPO Soyuzselkhozkhimiya, Moscow, 1989. - P.31).

The disadvantage of this method is that air humidity limits the development of the predatory tick Phytoseiulus persimilis. When air humidity is reduced to 70% or more, and such conditions are created in greenhouses in the summer on the upper tiers of plants (for example, cucumber), it migrates to the lower tiers and ceases to control the pest on the upper leaves, resulting in a decrease in the effectiveness of this method. In addition, this method has a limited spectrum of action, because it regulates the number of spider mites only, does not limit the number of other species of herbivorous mites, for example, eriofiidnyh.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that for the first time as a biological method of combating herbivorous ticks - pests of crops (tetranichids, eryophiids, briobids, tenuipalpids), the carnivorous tick-eating gall midge Acaroletes tetranychorum Kief., Native green fauna, which is diluted with grass, is used soybeans previously infected with a spider mite, then cut off, packed up with biomaterial (eggs, larvae, pupae on soybean plants) and delivered to the place of release, where they are laid out according to lennym schemes on planting, depending on the pest.

The technical result of the invention is to overcome the resistance of phytophage mites to chemical insectoacaricides, preparations of insectoacaricidal microbial metabolites (avermectins) and increase the environmental effectiveness of biological methods of combating this group of harmful arthropods using a new biological control agent - predatory tick-borne gallipara Acaroletes tetiefychum due to its best adaptability to crop growing conditions - high environmental plasticity, the presence of winged forms (in activity), greater gluttony, better search ability, an expanded spectrum of species of potential victims, i.e. the implementation of the predominant biotic potential, as well as an affordable and economical method of breeding, using which it is possible to accumulate a sufficient number of these acarophages.

The problem is achieved in that in the proposed method, the biomaterial of the predatory gall midge Acaroletes tetranychorum Kief. (eggs, larvae, pupae on soybean plants), previously propagated, accumulated, collected and packaged, delivered to the place of release and laid out on the stands according to certain schemes depending on the degree of population of the pest, the type of pest and crop.

Example 1. Glass three-liter jars with calico lids, filled with biomaterial of predatory tick-eating gallips Acaroletes tetranychorum Kief. (eggs, larvae, pupae on soybean plants) are delivered to greenhouses where cucumbers inhabited by spider mites (Tetranychum urticae Koch.) are grown. Soybean leaves with predatory gall midge are laid out on plants at the rate of 1-3 individuals per 1 m ² . It is recommended to observe the development of the predator in the tetranichid colonies, and if necessary, re-issue.

Example 2. Multilayer paper bags sealed with adhesive tape (stapler) or glass three-liter jars with calico lids, filled with biomaterial of predatory tick-eating gall midges Acaroletes tetranychorum Kief. (eggs, larvae, pupae on soybean plants) are delivered to perennial plantations (vineyard) inhabited by grape gall mites (itching). Soybean leaves with a predator are laid out in the vineyard at the rate of 5-15 individuals per 10 m ² in the phenophase of shoot growth, depending on the degree of settlement, if necessary, repeat the release.

Example 3. Same as in example 2. Soybean leaves with a predator are laid out on an apple tree planting, populated by a red fruit tick, at the rate of 10-30 individuals for every third tree in a row, through a row, depending on the degree of settlement, if necessary, release repeat.

When using predatory gall midges to control the gall mite on grapes independently and in combination with microbial metabolites from the group of avermectins, good results were obtained (table 1).

The surveys carried out to colonize the vineyard with a gall mite three weeks before harvesting showed that the growth of the pest population almost stopped in both cases using predatory gall midges (population indicators of the leaves of the upper tiers of shoots), its biological efficiency was high, at the level of 92 , 0-98.7%, and significantly exceeded the standard (62.3%).

Claims (1)

A method of biological control of herbivorous ticks - pests of agricultural crops, characterized in that they use the predatory tick-eating gall midge Acaroletes tetranychorum Kief, which is bred, accumulated on green plants of soybean infected with a spider mite, then cut, packaged and the finished biomaterial - eggs, larvae, pupae soy plants, delivered to the place of release, where they are laid out on plants.