RU2460980C2 - Method of monitoring technical state of construction facilities - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics.

SUBSTANCE: method involves monitoring the technical state using, along with absolute values of monitored parameters, their relative values which are generated as the difference between absolute values of the monitored parameters which are obtained for symmetrical monitored elements of the construction facility. A subset of symmetrical monitored elements is formed as the symmetrical monitored elements from a set of vital structural elements of the construction facility, its technically complex structural units. If there is no symmetrical monitored element for the monitored element from the set of monitored elements, a pair of symmetrical parts of the structure of the monitored element may be included into the subset of symmetrical monitored elements.

EFFECT: high-speed monitoring of the technical state of a construction facility and high accuracy of monitoring.

3 cl, 1 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the field of automated systems for monitoring the technical condition of construction objects (buildings and structures) and can be used in their design, construction and operation, including in accordance with programs for the design and construction of high-rise buildings, unique structures and high-risk objects, in particular in accordance with the city complex investment program “New Ring of Moscow”.

State of the art

A known method of monitoring and predicting the technical condition of buildings and structures (RF Patent for the invention No. 2381470, with priority dated February 26, 2008, registered February 10, 2010), including excitation of object vibrations at natural frequencies, registration of vibrations, and / or accelerations of vibrations, and / or vibration rates, and / or vibration amplitudes, and / or slopes, and / or deflections, and / or stresses, and / or loads, and / or measurements of absolute and uneven settlement, and / or geodetic parameters, and / or crack control , joints, seams, fil radio parameters of the technical condition of buildings and structures into two groups of parameters: a group of parameters of the technical condition of the lower part of the object and a group of parameters of the technical condition of the upper part of the object, determination using the parameters of the technical condition of the lower part of the object by mathematical (computer) modeling of the object, design parameters of the building structures of the upper parts of an object, comparison of design parameters of building structures of the upper part of an object with similar parameters building structures of the upper part of the object, determined by the results of field measurements from sensors to monitor the technical condition of the upper part of the object, adjusting the parameters of the mathematical model of the object, provided that the calculated parameters of building structures of the upper part of the object, determined by the results of mathematical modeling, differ from similar parameters of building structures the upper part of the object, determined by the results of field measurements by an amount greater than the specified horns, determination of the parameters of the technical state of the lower part of the object by measured parameters of the technical condition of the lower part of the object, extrapolation of trend values of the parameters of the technical condition of the lower part of the object for a given time interval, determination of the predicted design parameters of the technical state of construction based on the data of extrapolation of the parameters of the technical condition of the lower part of the object constructions of the upper part of the object, fixing for the consumer a predictive assessment of the future tech Skog state of the object based on a comparative analysis of calculated predictive parameters technical state of the top structures of the object with the maximum admissible values.

A known system for monitoring and forecasting the technical condition of buildings and structures (RF Patent for the invention No. 2381470, with priority dated February 26, 2008, registered February 10, 2009), comprising a percussion device, processing and output information block, output information gradation block, and / or sensors for measuring vibrations of an object, and / or sensors for measuring accelerations of vibrations of an object, and / or sensors for measuring speeds of vibrations of an object, and / or sensors for measuring amplitudes of vibrations of an object, and / or sensors for measuring tilts, and / or sensors for measuring deflection bending, and / or stress measurement sensors, and / or load measurement sensors, and / or absolute and uneven settlement measurement sensors, and / or sensors for monitoring cracks, joints and seams, and / or sensors for measuring geodetic parameters, pressure sensors (in including for monitoring the pressure of the object on the ground and / or the pressure of the soil on the object), and / or strain gauges, and / or temperature sensors, and / or humidity sensors (all of the above sensors are combined in one block - block sensors and equipment I have an automated monitoring system), a unit for calculating the parameters of the technical state of the object, a block for filtering the parameters of the technical state of the object, a block for determining trends and extrapolating parameters for the technical condition of the lower part of the object, a comparison unit, a threshold device, a block for mathematical modeling and calculation of parameters for the technical state of the upper part of the object, unit for adjusting the parameters of the mathematical model of the object, an electronic key, a unit for displaying forecast and monitoring information, etc. than the output of the sensor unit and the equipment of the automated monitoring system is connected to the input of the unit for calculating the parameters of the technical condition of the object, the first output of which is connected to the input of the filtering unit of the parameters of the technical state of the object, and the second output is connected to the input of the processing unit and output information, the output of which is connected to the input of the block gradation of the output information, the first output of the block filtering the parameters of the technical condition of the object is connected to the first input of the block of mathematical modeling and calculation that of the parameters of the technical state of the upper part of the object, the second output of the filtering block of the parameters of the technical state of the object is connected to the input of the comparison unit, the output of the comparison unit is connected to the input of the threshold device, the first output of which is connected to the input of the block for adjusting the parameters of the mathematical model of the object and the first control input of the electronic key, and the second output is connected to the second control input of the electronic key, the output of the block adjusting the parameters of the mathematical model of the object is connected to the second the input of the unit for mathematical modeling of the object and the calculation of the parameters of the technical state of the upper part of the object, the first output of which is connected to the input of the comparison unit, and the second output is connected to the first input of the display unit of the forecast and monitoring information, the third input of the block of mathematical modeling of the object and the calculation of the parameters of the technical state of the upper part of the object is connected to the output of the block for determining trends and extrapolating the parameters of the technical condition of the lower part of the object, the input of which is connected nen with electronic key output.

Disclosure of invention

The technical solution according to patent No. 2381470 has insufficient speed in diagnosing the technical condition of a building or structure (hereinafter referred to as the object).

This shortcoming can be eliminated in the following way. Almost any building or structure (hereinafter referred to as the object) contains symmetrical structural elements, according to additional information about which early diagnostics of changes in the technical condition of the object on the basis can be carried out. Such additional information is the very existence of a difference between the values of the same parameter for two symmetrical structural elements. Such parameters may include: deformation, slopes, stress, pressure, vibration frequencies, displacements, strength characteristics of structures.

Especially important is the speed of diagnosing the state of objects located in areas with complex seismic and / or hydrogeological conditions (the presence of karst and landslide phenomena, the level of groundwater close to the earth's surface, etc.). Adverse changes in the seismic and / or hydrogeological conditions under the object (growth of karst formations, slow landslide shifts, increase in groundwater level, etc.) in the initial stage of these processes practically do not affect the technical condition of the building structures of the object and, as a result, is not possible at an early stage to diagnose the technical condition of the object for a long time interval. By comparing the same parameters of symmetrical structural elements, such changes can be detected at an early stage. At the same time, the availability of additional information improves the accuracy of monitoring the technical condition of the construction site.

The present invention is aimed at solving the technical problem of eliminating the above drawbacks and creating such a method for monitoring the technical condition of the object, which allows you to get parameters that display the state of the object as a whole, the state of the individual structural elements while increasing (compared with the closest analogue) speed and accuracy.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that:

- determine the controlled elements of a building object on the basis of a model of threats, structural features of the object, location and external influences (precipitation, wind, earthquakes, suffusion-karst processes, temperature difference, etc.), analysis of the stress-strain state using mathematical modeling technologies. Mathematical modeling is carried out using the finite element method (Gallager R. The finite element method. Basics: Transl. From English. - M .: Mir, 1984). To determine the controlled elements of the object, a computer model is created on which the operation of building structures under the influence of external and internal loads is simulated, the most loaded and / or critical elements are determined (for example, technically complex units or atypical structural elements), various failure scenarios of such elements are considered, and analyzed possible consequences. Based on this analysis, critical elements are determined that are subject to control by the monitoring system, from which pairs of structurally symmetric controlled elements of the building objects are formed. Also, pairs of their symmetrical parts can be formed for critical elements, monitoring of which will make it possible to assess the state of an individual structural element, including one that does not have a symmetric pair.

- determine the controlled parameters that display the state of the individual controlled elements of the building object and / or their interaction (joint work). Moreover, the controlled parameters can characterize both absolute physical quantities, including deformations, slopes, stress, pressure, oscillation frequencies, displacements, strength characteristics of structures, and relative values, including the difference of slopes (a parameter characterizing, in particular, non-uniform draft, roll), and / or the difference in natural frequencies of vibration (a parameter characterizing, in particular, the redistribution of the load and the change in the state of the structural part of the object, including the formation of such effects, such as cracks, deformations, corrosion of reinforcing bars, etc.), and / or the difference in deformations, and / or the pressure difference (parameter characterizing the redistribution of loads between the structural elements of the object), and / or the difference in displacements (parameter characterizing uneven settlement or redistribution of efforts between various structural elements), and / or frequencies of mutual vibrations, and / or correlation parameters (a parameter characterizing the correlation of vibrations of some structural parts of an object relative to others).

So, for example, opposite coatings in the same structural design of the stadium should have the same characteristics: frequencies, vibration amplitudes, which indicates their identical stress-strain state. The presence of the difference and its value allows us to judge the redistribution of the load and the change in state of one of the opposite coatings of the object,

- determine the set of measured parameters, on the basis of which it is possible to determine the controlled parameters. Thus, non-uniform draft can be determined on the basis of measurements of inclination angles or vertical displacements at various points. Natural frequencies can be obtained on the basis of measuring vibrations (acceleration, speed, displacement), displacements can be obtained on the basis of measuring spatial coordinates, deformation and pressure, on the basis of measuring strain and pressure, respectively, strength characteristics of the structure and / or its elements on the basis of measuring their acoustic emission , and / or based on the propagation characteristics of ultrasonic vibrations, and / or based on the propagation characteristics of electromagnetic waves, etc. The selection of specific parameters to be measured is carried out on the basis of considerations of ease of installation of measuring equipment, economic efficiency and accuracy indicators of measuring equipment.

- determine the permissible values (intervals of permissible values) of the controlled parameters, in accordance with which determine the technical condition of the object. Permissible values or their intervals are determined for each controlled parameter on the basis of normative and methodological documents (if any) or mathematical modeling of the operation of building structures, including in the presence of various structural defects and / or various stress-strain states to determine the dependence of the value of the controlled parameter from the state of the supporting structures. So, the admissible value of the controlled roll parameter of a high-rise building can be established on the basis of the Moscow city construction standards MGSN 4.19-05 "Multifunctional high-rise buildings and complexes", which indicate the limit values of this parameter: if the height of the building is up to 150 m (inclusive), then the roll must not exceed 1/500, with a building height of 400 m, the roll must not exceed 1/1000. Controlled parameters, the permissible values of which are not defined in the regulatory and methodological documents, are determined on the basis of mathematical modeling of the operation of building structures: for example, the calculated (design) value of the controlled parameter "natural vibration frequency" is determined on the basis of the constructed mathematical (computer) model, and the acceptable intervals the values of this parameter are also determined by mathematical modeling based on the modeling of various processes related x with the appearance of defects in structures of varying degrees (from minor to critical). In particular, the permissible values of the monitored parameters can be determined on the basis of a given set of states of a building object and / or its elements. Such a set of conditions can be normative-technical, operable, partially operable and emergency conditions in accordance with GOST R 53778-2010 “Buildings and structures. Inspection rules and facilities for monitoring the technical condition. ”

- measure parameters for symmetric controlled structural elements and / or parts thereof, on the basis of which the absolute values of the controlled parameters and the relative values of the controlled parameters are determined,

- compare the absolute values of the monitored parameters with their permissible values or intervals of permissible values, and the relative monitored parameters with an acceptable measurement error;

- judge the adequacy of the mathematical model of the object and / or defects in the structural elements of the object according to the results of comparison at the initial time interval;

- adjust if necessary the mathematical model of the object;

- form conclusions about the current technical condition of the object based on a comparison of the absolute values of the monitored parameters with their allowable values or intervals of allowable values specified in the form of specific values or intervals. In this case, conclusions about the current technical condition of the facility are presented in the form of messages about the output of controlled parameters beyond the permissible values or intervals of such values. The generated messages are transmitted to the relevant services, in particular the operational or dispatching services of the facility and / or city to take appropriate measures to prevent the deterioration of the technical condition of the facility.

An example of the method

The implementation of the method in relation to a specific building object (monitoring object) begins with an analysis of the structural features of the object, threats to stability and destruction of the object.

When analyzing threats to the loss of stability and destruction of an object, a threat model is formed on the basis of available information on the climatic conditions of the location of the object (snow, wind, temperature and humidity loads), geological conditions (the presence of karst-suffusion processes, seismicity of the site, etc.). The threat model may also include threats of the presence of initial defects in the structures of the object. The threat model is a list of probable threats (e.g. snow load, icing, wind load, earthquakes, etc.) and their description (e.g. maximum amount of snowfall or maximum wind speed for the location of the object).

When analyzing the structural features of an object, the most responsible nodes and structural elements are determined, the weakening of which can lead to loss of stability or destruction of the object. These nodes and elements are selected taking into account possible threats on the basis of mathematical modeling of the object and structural calculations (for example, using the ANSYS, Nastran, MicroFe, SCAD, Lira software systems).

For example, for unique buildings (as a rule, these are sports facilities: stadiums, ice palaces) in most cases, the presence of a metal truss coating based on reinforced concrete or metal columns is typical. In this case, one of the results of the analysis of the design features of the object can be the allocation of supporting columns as critical elements, because their uneven draft or roll can lead to a redistribution of efforts in the coating and its destruction. In the case of the presence of technically complex structural units (for example, articulated connecting nodes of columns and cover), the presence of defects in which can also lead to loss of stability or destruction of the object, these nodes can also be defined as responsible. Based on the results of the analysis of the structural features of the object, a list of building structures (controlled elements) is formed, which must be controlled. At the same time, from the set of elements of the construction object allocated to the category of controlled elements, a subset of symmetric controlled elements is formed, according to the controlled parameters (by the absolute and relative values of these parameters) which will monitor the technical condition of the construction object. Responsible elements, technically complex structural units in the singular, which do not have the corresponding paired element, node, may be present in the elements of a building object. In this case, as the symmetric controlled elements, you can use the symmetric parts of such an element, node.

The next step in the implementation of the method is the selection of parameters by which it will be possible to control the selected building structures. The selection of controlled parameters is based on the following considerations:

- the measured parameters, on the basis of which the controlled parameters should be determined, should most clearly reflect the stress-strain state of structures,

- measuring equipment on the structural elements can be placed optimally in terms of its installation and maintenance during operation, the cost of measuring equipment.

Controlled parameters are determined for each controlled element and can be expressed as absolute and / or relative parameters. Absolute parameters show the absolute values characterizing the state of the element being monitored, relative parameters show the relative values characterizing the state of the relationship. As absolute parameters, there can be, for example, parameters such as absolute draft, vibration amplitude, spatial displacements, roll, deformation, stress, degree of homogeneity (crack resistance). As relative parameters, there can be, for example, parameters such as non-uniform settlement (difference in deposits between different controlled elements), and / or difference in amplitudes and / or vibration frequencies, and / or difference in deformations, and / or stresses, and / or the difference in pressure and / or frequency of mutual oscillations, and / or correlation characteristics.

Deformations can be measured by strain gauges. Pressure can be measured by pressure sensors. Displacements, draft, spatial coordinates can be measured with geodetic equipment (level, total station, GPS / Glonass receiver). The degree of heterogeneity and crack resistance can be measured by acoustic emission sensors, electromagnetic and X-ray equipment. Tilt or roll can be measured by tilt sensors. Oscillations (frequencies, mutual frequencies, shape, amplitude) can be measured by accelerometers or cycle meters.

Supplementing the process of monitoring absolute parameters with monitoring of relative parameters allows to increase the reliability and efficiency of monitoring the state of load-bearing structures, because constructed buildings, as a rule, have deviations from the design values, and control of the absolute parameters with design values is necessary, but not sufficient. Monitoring relative parameters allows you to identify negative changes in the building at an early stage, for example, sports facilities (for example, a stadium) have a symmetrical shape - a rectangle or an ellipse in plan. The two opposite sides of the stadium, as a rule, are symmetrical and structurally equally executed. In this case, the control of relative parameters between equally symmetrical elements will allow you to control the negative changes that occur in one of the elements (the probability that negative processes will occur and will occur equally on all structures is negligible). For example, in this way it is possible to control the state of the coatings (two opposite identical coatings, see Figure 1, must have the same frequency, shape and amplitude of oscillation), the state of the supporting columns (two identical from the point of view of the design of the columns must have the same voltage) etc.

In figure 1, the following notation:

1 - Canopy 1

2 - Canopy 2

3 - Canopy 3

4 - Canopy 4

The table shows the possible variants of relative parameters reflecting the condition of the canopies (positions 1-4 in figure 1) using the example of the stadium shown in FIG. 1 (similarly for other controlled elements (columns, ceilings) and controlled parameters (deformation, stress, displacement and etc.)).

Table Controlled item Relative parameter Note Canopy 1, Canopy 3
The difference in natural frequencies The presence of a difference in dynamic characteristics exceeding the measurement error shows a difference in the stress-strain state of structural elements of the same design, which may indicate the presence and / or development of defects in one of the symmetrical structural elements Canopy 2, Canopy 4 The difference in natural frequencies Canopy 1, Canopy 3 The deflection difference of symmetrical truss structures Canopy 2, Canopy 4 The deflection difference of symmetrical truss structures

Claims (3)

1. A method for monitoring and predicting the technical condition of construction objects, including the determination of the controlled elements of a construction object based on an analysis of threats, and / or design features, and / or location, and / or external influences, and / or analysis of the stress-strain state of the construction object, the formation of symmetrical pairs of controlled elements of the building object and / or their parts, the definition of controlled parameters that display the state of the formed set of controls elements and / or their parts, determination of a set of measured parameters, on the basis of which it is possible to determine controlled parameters, determination of acceptable values or intervals of acceptable values of controlled parameters, in accordance with which the technical condition of the object is determined, measurement for symmetric controlled elements of a building object and / or their parts of the parameters, on the basis of which the absolute and relative values of the controlled parameters are determined, a comparison of the absolute values controlled parameters with their acceptable values or ranges of acceptable values, and relative controlled parameters with an acceptable measurement error, a judgment based on the results of comparison obtained at the initial time interval on the adequacy of the mathematical model of the object, when judging by the results of comparison on the inadequacy of the correction of the mathematical model of the object, formation of conclusions about the current technical condition of the object based on a comparison of the absolute and / or relative values of the controller proxy parameters from their permissible values or ranges of permissible values specified in the form of specific values or ranges. 2. The method of monitoring and forecasting the technical condition of construction objects (buildings and structures) according to claim 1, characterized in that conclusions about the current technical condition of the object are presented in the form of messages about the output of controlled or predicted parameters beyond the permissible values or intervals of such values. 3. The method of monitoring and forecasting the technical condition of construction objects (buildings and structures) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that conclusions about the output of the current or forecasted state of the object beyond the permissible values or intervals of such values are transmitted to the facility’s operational or dispatch services and / or city to take appropriate measures to prevent the deterioration of the technical condition of the facility.