RU2460274C1 - Device threshing perennial legumes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: device comprises a rotor 1mounted inside a cylindrical casing 2. Casing 2 has guide edges 3 on its inner surface. At the lower part of the casing 2 in the threshing area a deck 4 is located in the form of a perforated grid with square/rectangular holes spaced in rows. Subsequent rows of holes are placed one after another. Deck 4 has a perforated plate 5 mounted with the ability to move along the deck 4 and the partial overlap of its surface. Perforated plate 5 has holes similar to the deck 4 holes. When shifting the plate 5 along the deck 4 the free cross-sectional area of the deck 4 and bandwidth change, which increases the time spent by the mass in the threshing area and provides a passing of seeds just wiped from the clover hulls.

EFFECT: invention may be used for harvesting legumes by grain harvesting combine.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used for harvesting leguminous grass seeds with a rotary combine harvester.

Harvesting seeds of legumes is carried out by combine harvesters, which should be equipped with special devices directly in farms. The need for the use of devices is explained by the peculiarities of the agrobiological and physico-mechanical properties of these crops, which differ from cereal crops. Obtaining seeds from biologically mature legume plants requires not only threshing them, but also wiping them.

Known adaptation 54-108A to combine harvester SK-5 "Niva" for harvesting seeds of leguminous grasses [1].

The fixture 54-108 A consists of a grater device, a cutter, a set of additional sieves and fan shutters. The grate device carries out grinding of the pyzhin and represents a removable hood cover of the drum, on which the grate surface is installed using the front and rear adjustment bolts. The cutter serves to direct the pyzhin into the grate gap and is a tubular beam of triangular cross section, to which ends are welded scarves with threaded holes for fastening it to the panels of the combine thresher.

To highlight wiped seeds from small heaps in the device 54-108A, an additional sieve of wire mesh is used, which is installed instead of the lower louvre sieve.

Known devices PST-8, PST-10 for combine harvesters "Don-1200", "Don-1500" for harvesting seeds of legumes [2].

The device for harvesting the seeds of legumes PST-8 and PST-10 for the Don combines consists of a deck cover, a counter-drive of the fan, a cleaning drive kit, equipment for the treatment machine and a set of sieves.

The deck cover is a sheet with welded plates. It is mounted over the concave in its front zone. To mount it on the Don harvester, it is necessary to disconnect the header and the inclined chamber, unscrew the bolts, remove the shields, install the overlay on the combine deck in the front zone, insert the bolts into the holes in the overlay, install the stops on the bolts through the concave hatch and removed shaker board extension and fasten them with nuts. Then reinstall the shaker plate extension, hatches and shields, and tighten the bolts. At the same time, the deck cover is attached at the same time. After that, the inclined camera and the header should be attached.

A threshing device of an axial combine harvester comprising a rotor mounted inside a cylindrical casing with guide ribs on the inner surface, the lower part of which is provided with a deck in the threshing zone, is known. The deck consists of two separate sections, of which the first in the direction of rotation of the rotor is installed relative to the second in the adjacent zone with a stepwise decreasing threshing clearance in the direction against the axial movement of the threshed mass, while the first axial section of the deck has a blind surface equipped with the entire corner of the coverage with bulges facing the rotor, and the remaining sections of the deck are perforated. The first deck section has a length equal to 1/3 in the first section, and 2/3 of the helix of the guide ribs of the cylindrical casing in the second section. The bulges on the working surface of the first deck section are transverse with respect to the movement of the threshed mass along the deck. The length of the first and second steps of the first section of the deck are the same and equal to 1/3 of the pitch of the helix of the guide ribs, of the cylindrical casing. The threshing gap of the first deck section in the first stage is 1/2, in the second - 2/3, and in the last stage is equal to the gap in the second section [3].

The disadvantages of these devices are their complexity of installation on the combine and the need, with the same difficulties, of dismantling for harvesting grain and other crops.

The purpose of the invention is to reduce the complexity during the conversion of the combine to harvest the seeds of legumes and increase the efficiency of the process of threshing and wiping seeds.

This goal is achieved in that the device for threshing perennial legumes contains a rotor mounted inside a cylindrical casing with guide ribs on the inner surface, the lower part of which is equipped with a deck in the threshing zone. The deck is made in the form of a perforated lattice with square (rectangular) holes arranged in rows so that each hole of the next row is placed one after another and is equipped with a perforated plate that can move around the deck and partially overlap its surface, and the perforated plate is equipped with the same square (rectangular) holes, like a deck, but one row less.

Figure 1 shows the threshing device of a rotary combine harvester; figure 2 - scan deck and perforated lattice when harvesting crops; figure 3 - scan deck and perforated lattice when harvesting seeds of legumes.

The device for threshing perennial leguminous grasses comprises a rotor 1 located across the axis of the combine harvester, surrounded by a cylindrical casing 2 with guide ribs 3 and a deck 4 covering it from below and a perforated plate 5 superimposed on it. The perforated plate 5 has a working surface in the form of a concave metal sheet with punching square (rectangular) holes and perforations corresponding to deck 4 of the rotary threshing device.

Figure 2 schematically shows a scan of deck 4 and the perforated plate 5 lying on it when the holes of deck 4 and plate 5 are the same and the length of the perforated plate 5 is one row of holes shorter than deck 4. This position of deck 4 and perforated plate 5 is necessary when cleaning cereal crops.

Figure 3 schematically shows the scan of deck 4 and the perforated plate 5 lying on it, but already half offset by the holes of deck 4. Due to this displacement, the throughput (live section) of deck 4 is half as much, which means that the path and the residence time of the threshed mass is increased, thereby ensuring the efficiency of threshing and wiping seeds from the wad.

The technological process of threshing perennial legumes is as follows.

The threshed mass is fed into the threshing gap of the deck 4 with the perforated plate 5. Rotor 1 strikes with its whips in terms of mass and carries it into a helical movement along the axis of the threshing device along the perforated surface of the casing 2 surrounding the rotor, having guiding ribs 3. Impact and grinding action of working elements threshing device for mass provides grinding and wiping the seeds of grass from pyzhin (grain from the ear), the separation of seeds (grain) from the straw heap and the removal of straw in the field.

Changing the throughput (live section) of the deck due to the lining 5 increases the residence time of the mass in the threshing zone and ensures the passage of mainly only seeds wiped from the pyzhin.

The device for threshing and wiping the seeds of perennial leguminous grasses is installed in the threshing part of the combine harvester when it is assembled at the plant and when harvesting cereal crops, it is not dismantled. When preparing a combine harvester for harvesting perennial leguminous grasses, you only need to move the pad so that the deck holes are half closed.

The application of the invention will reduce the complexity of preparing the combine for harvesting the seeds of legumes and increase the efficiency of the process of threshing and wiping.

Information sources

1. Recommendations for the re-equipment and adjustment of combine harvesters on grass seed plants. M .: Ministry of Agriculture of the USSR, 1978.- 23 p.

2. Adaptation to combines "Don-1500" and "Don-1200" for harvesting grass seed. PST-10 and PST-8. M.: Tractor-export of the USSR, 1990. - 32 p.

3. A.S. No. 1207429 USSR, MKI A01F 12/18. Threshing device of an axial combine harvester / Yarmashev Yu.N., Zapandi V.A., Tkachev V.N., Zhurkin V.K., 1983. - 4 p.

Claims (1)

A device for threshing perennial legumes containing a rotor installed inside a cylindrical casing with guide ribs on the inner surface, the lower part of which is equipped with a deck in the threshing zone, characterized in that the deck is made in the form of a perforated grate with square / rectangular holes arranged in rows in such a way that each hole in the next row is placed one after another, and is equipped with a perforated plate that can move around the deck and partially overlap it surface, and the perforated plate is provided with the same square / rectangular holes as the deck, but one row less.

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