RU2457398C1 - Mobile plant for combustion of fragments of solid-propellant rocket engines - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power industry.

SUBSTANCE: mobile plant for combustion of fragments of solid-propellant rocket engines in the form of elongated box of rectangular cross section, which is transported in horizontal position by motor-vehicle train and set to working vertical position by means of power hydraulic drives of tow truck of motor-vehicle train, includes chamber-type combustion furnace in the box, which is interconnected with combustion product cleaning device located above it. Chamber-type combustion chamber with granular material layer at the bottom has loading device providing the alignment of fragment on surface of granular material layer, and bottom granular material removal door together with non-combustible residues of fragment with direction to separator for separation of granular material and non-combustible fragment residues. Combustion product cleaning device in fluidised bed of active granular material includes basket for active granular material and control devices for supply of combustion products from combustion chamber and bed fluidisation. Upper part of the cleaning device in the elongated box is formed with separating baffle with exhaust pipe in the form of open internal branch pipes on short sides of the box.

EFFECT: improving environmental safety and cleanness of utilisation process in field conditions; increasing the efficiency and reducing the design heating.

8 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of disposal of military equipment and ammunition, namely to the disposal of solid propellant rocket engines through environmentally friendly burning. Solid fuel engines, used, for example, in S-300 anti-aircraft missile systems, have a length of up to 3 m, a diameter of up to 0.5 m and a charge mass of non-detonating solid rocket fuel of up to 1000 kg. They are too large for incineration at small-sized charges utilization plants [1-2]. Utilization of such engines on stationary stands for large missile engines with masses of solid rocket propellant charges up to 50 tons will be very expensive due to transportation costs and low degree of use of consumables in off-design combustion modes.

Therefore, more specifically, the invention relates to mass utilization by burning rocket engines of solid fuel in the field with limited provision of external resources. Such conditions exist in places of deployment of bases for storage of retired anti-aircraft guided missiles and other types of rocket technology. To expand the size range of solid propellant rocket engines utilized in one installation, they are cut, for example, by a hydroabrasive method, into utilizable parts or fragments of approximately the same size.

In addition to the general requirements for safety and environmental cleanliness of emissions, a number of specific requirements are imposed on mobile waste disposal plants by burning, in particular: 1) the ability to transport standard transport containers in dimensions for transportation by road, rail or water; 2) the minimum time for the equipment of the disposal site and deployment of the installation in the field; 3) the minimum amount of additional resources in the form of electricity, water, compressed air and neutralizing agents to ensure the operation of the installation.

A number of mobile plants for the burning of waste energy materials, such as solid rocket fuels and explosives, are known.

A mobile incinerator suitable for burning explosive materials has armored walls capable of withstanding an internal explosion, a first combustion chamber, inside which there is primary combustion of the material to be incinerated, a second combustion chamber for burning off the combustion products from the first combustion chamber and a semi-trailer with a tractor for transportation . Armored walls can be made of steel plates reinforced with hollow steel beams. The mobile incinerator has channels for the passage of air, exhaust gases into and out of the chambers, a fan for creating an exhaust, a fuel supply and ignition system inside the chambers, an overpressure relief device, a loading trolley on telescopic rails, on which the material to be incinerated is fed into open first lined combustion chamber lined with heat-resistant insulation; an external casing of aluminum sheets and a control system driven by an electric generator. The semi-trailer is preferably equipped with hydraulic brakes, pitch stabilizer and leveling device [3].

This explosion-proof mobile incinerator for hazardous substances based on a semi-trailer meets a number of requirements for the layout and completeness of the operations from the actual combustion to the cleaning of combustion products. The disadvantages are low productivity, manual operations for loading waste and unloading combustion residues and the lack of purification from aggressive components of combustion products, such as hydrogen chloride.

In a mobile installation for the disposal of solid rocket propellant charges placed in the volumes of three railway tanks, a horizontally located charge is burned in the solid propellant rocket engine body, and combustion products are collected in a storage ring after passing through cooling heat storage devices. In the accumulator, the combustion products are neutralized by dispersing the powder neutralizers in the gas volume. After this, the gases are gradually passed through the purification unit and the CO afterburning unit [4]. This design takes into account the probability of lack of water in the field deployment environment.

The use of the storage device limits the installation's ability to burn utilized parts of increased mass and with increased formation of combustion products. Cooling devices with heat-accumulating material without removing it after burning greatly reduce the performance of the installation.

The closest in technical essence, the achieved result and adopted as a prototype is a unit for burning fragments of energy materials [5]. The installation comprises a shaft combustion chamber with a layer of heated granular material in its lower part and a loading device in its upper part, providing directed discharge of the fragment onto the layer. The upper part is equipped with a gas outlet to the apparatus for cleaning combustion products. A layer of heated granular material is used to receive a surface-centered loading fragment of energetic material containing non-combustible structural parts, igniting a burning component fragment and trapping non-combustible structural parts. Under the shaft combustion chamber with a bottom hatch, a separator for separating non-combustible structural parts from granular material is installed. The granular material is sent via an elevator to the upper part of the shaft combustion chamber.

A disadvantage of the known installation is long and with large variations in ignition time, the ignition of a large fragment from a heated granular layer by contact heat transfer. The mine combustion chamber is made in a reinforced armored version, which is not required for burning non-detonating solid fuels. With a circular cross section, the working volume of the combustion chamber is less than with a rectangular cross section with the same dimensions for transportation. Separate arrangement of plant aggregates complicates the transportation, deployment and maintenance of the installation.

The technical problem solved by the present invention is the design of a mobile installation for safe and environmentally friendly disposal by burning fragments of rocket engines of solid fuel in the field of autonomous operation in the field with quick preparation for commissioning, increased portability, reduced heating of the structure and increased productivity, which does not require complex installation on the site.

The solution of the technical problem lies in the fact that in a mobile installation for the utilization of fragments of solid propellant rocket engines by burning in the field, containing a shaft combustion chamber with a loading device for centering the fragment on the surface of the layer of granular material in the lower part of the combustion chamber, together with the bottom hatch for removing granular material with non-combustible residues of the fragment and with a separator for separating granular material and non-combustible residues of the fragment and apparatus for cleaning combustion products connected to the upper part of the combustion chamber, the apparatus for cleaning the products of combustion and the shaft chamber of combustion, the lower part of which carries a loose layer of granular material, made with rectangular cross sections and placed in a single supporting elongated box of rectangular cross section, mounted vertically from the transport horizontal position on a road train equipped with power hydraulic drives, in a supporting elongated basket, a basket with active granular material from the product cleaning apparatus Gorania in the fluidized bed separates the cavities of the combustion chamber purification apparatus located below and above the combustion product purification apparatus, the combustion product purification apparatus at the outlet is equipped with a separating chipper and an exhaust pipe for purified gas, slotted channels formed by the walls of a single carrier box and a basket let spent spent fuel into the combustion chamber and granular material returned by the chipper to the cleaning apparatus for subsequent removal through the bottom hatch of the combustion chamber. Burned fragments are obtained by cutting a rocket engine of solid fuel. The loading device contains a rotary platform with a lodgement for the utilized part of the engine at the side of the loading door, which is closed by the shutter, with remote control of hydraulic power drives for turning the platform and moving the shutter. The bottom hatch of the combustion chamber is double-wing with remote control of hydraulic power drives for opening and closing the valves. The granular material for gas cooling and thermal wall protection is river sand. The active granular material contains neutralizing agents for aggressive components of combustion products and oxidizing agents for afterburning products of incomplete combustion.

Oxidizing and neutralizing agents are peroxides of alkali and alkaline earth metals. Slotted channels formed by the walls of a single carrier duct and a basket are equipped with gas-dynamic shutters of one-way action, which exclude the flow of gases from the combustion chamber to the apparatus for cleaning combustion products.

Solid propellant intended for disposal does not detonate and therefore there is no need for enhanced armoring of the combustion chamber.

A comparative analysis of the essential features of the prototype and the proposed method shows that the distinguishing features of the proposal are those in accordance with which:

- the apparatus for cleaning combustion products and the shaft combustion chamber, the lower part of which carries a loose layer of granular material, is made with rectangular cross sections and placed in a single supporting elongated box of rectangular cross section;

- when transporting on a road train, a single bearing elongated box of a mobile installation is in a horizontal position and is translated into a vertical working position using hydraulic power drives of the road train,

- in the elongated carrier box, the basket with the active granular material of the apparatus for cleaning the products of combustion in a fluidized bed separates the cavities of the apparatus for cleaning the products of combustion located below the combustion chamber;

- slotted channels formed by the walls of a single carrier box and a basket pass granular material that has been spent and returned by the chipper to the cleaning chamber for subsequent removal through the bottom hatch of the combustion chamber into the combustion chamber.

The essence of this proposal will be more clear from a consideration of the drawings, where

figure 1 represents the scheme: a) the transport position of the mobile installation on a road train and b) the working position of the mobile installation with fixing on the site with anchor bolts and cable-stayed braces;

figure 2. shows the location of the main nodes of the mobile installation in a single long carrier box, designed for the consumption of combustion products of 2 kg / s;

figure 3 depicts a diagram of a variant of the shutter retention of the active granular material from premature spilling into the combustion chamber;

figure 4 depicts a diagram of another embodiment of the retention of the active granular material from premature spilling into the combustion chamber and the following description of the execution of the invention.

As shown in figure 1, the mobile installation consists of a road train in the form of a truck tractor 1 with a semitrailer 2, which allows to transport goods in the dimensions of a sea transport container (12.19 × 2.44 × 2.59 m), and the actual incineration plant in the volume of the elongated box 3, transported in a horizontal position. The truck tractor 1 is additionally equipped with a hydraulic power unit for actuating the units of the mobile unit and an electric generator (not shown) to ensure the operation of the control system and control of the mobile unit. On the prepared site in the vertical operating position, the elongated box 3 is translated using hydraulic power drives.

The semi-trailer 2 is equipped with typical devices for overloading, installing in an upright position an elongated installation box and landing it on the anchor bolts of a prepared working platform (not shown). The remote control, fragment elevator, elevators for loading granular material into the combustion chamber, active granular material into the basket of the apparatus for cleaning combustion products and unloading the spent granular material from the storage tank into a container, and an air blower for afterburning and loosening of granular material (not shown) are also transported in the semi-trailer.

The layout of the main units of the proposed mobile installation in an elongated steel box 3 of rectangular cross-section, for example 2 × 1.5 m with a main height of 12 m, is shown in FIG. 2 Box 3 is made of sheet steel 5 mm thick with reinforcing stiffness using external strapping corner profiles. The mass of the installation in this case will be about 3500 kg. The flow path of a single elongated duct is divided into a combustion chamber 4 and an apparatus for processing combustion products 5. The combustion chamber 4 is equipped with a loading hatch with a rotary platform 6 and a lodgement 7 for fragment 8. When burning a fragment, the hatch 6 is closed by a shutter 9. The bottom of the combustion chamber is covered with a layer 10 granular material, which is held by a double-leaf hatch 11. The combustion chamber 6 has one removable panel (not shown) on the long side for inspection and maintenance. The panel is also an emergency pressure relief valve from the combustion chamber. On the periphery of the bottom of the combustion chamber, loosening air supply openings (not shown) are made

Below the two-wing hatch 11, an inclined grating 12 is placed for separating the shell of the burnt fragment 8 from the granular material and rolling it out of the installation onto the pallet 13 and the spent grain storage tank 14, equipped with a conveyor (not shown) for shipping the granular material to a transport container (not shown).

The open flow path of the installation from the cavities of the combustion chamber 4 and the purification apparatus of the combustion products 5 occupies a height of about 9 m. It can be increased by extending the telescopic extension 15 with a separating chipper 16. The separating chipper 16 and the two-way exhaust pipe 17 in the form of exits of two internal pipes 18 are mounted near the upper end of the telescopic extension 15. The separating chipper has a trough-like shape and completely covers the passage section of the telescopic extension. Two internal nozzles 18, mounted on the short sides of the extension box below the separating chipper, are designed to discharge gas from the flowing stream in the central part of the rectangular cavity of the gas purifier, where the concentration of solid particles is minimal (Pallares D., Johnsson F., Modeling Fuel Mixing in a Fluidized Bed Combustor // The 12th International Conference on Fluidization-New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering, 2007, Article 117, Figure 2). The flow of solid particles is reflected by the chipper and flows down along the walls of the box, flowing around the internal nozzles.

The basket 19 of the gas purification apparatus at the central bottom inlet with a pipe 20 for combustion products is equipped with a shutter that keeps the active particulate material 21 from spilling prematurely into the combustion chamber 4 until the combustion products enter the basket. Embodiments of the shutter include: installing a cut of the nozzle of the bottom inlet 20 under the basket 9 with a gap with respect to the edges of the cup 22 in the form of an inverse cone, as shown in FIG. 2; closing a section of the bottom inlet pipe 20 with a disposable combustible membrane 23, as shown in FIG. 3; the installation of the bottom entrance pipe in the layer of active granular material in the basket as a cap feeder 24 according to the scheme of figure 4. The side walls of the basket and the walls of the elongated duct form slotted channels 26 with gas-dynamic locks (not shown). The apparatus for processing combustion products has a hatch for loading active granular material into a basket (not shown), as well as a system for supplying fluidizing gas and afterburning air at the bottom of the basket in the form of two parallel pipes with cap feeders in length (not shown).

Before starting work and the closed position of the shutter 9 of the hatch with the platform 6, a fragment of the projectile 8 is placed on the lodgement 7 using an external loader (not shown), after opening the shutter 9 and the platform 6 is turned to the dump angle, the fragment of the projectile 8 is rolled out of the cradle 7 and rolled onto the sand layer 10 of the combustion chamber 4 with a slope of the surface to the axis of the chamber, occupying a certain position with respect to the walls of the combustion chamber. A two-sided inclined sand layer 10 in the chamber is created using a double-leaf hatch 11 for unloading granular material, stopping the outflow of granular material if there is still a sufficient level in the chamber. A flame torch of a gas burner (not shown), forced by compressed air, is introduced into the combustion chamber 4 at the level of fragment 8 through a window with a valve. Ignition of the gas is carried out remotely by an electric spark. After igniting the fragment, the window is closed with a valve, the gas valve is closed, the valve is blown with air. At the same time, the layer is loosened with compressed air supplied through the peripheral openings of the bottom of the combustion chamber (not shown).

Under the action of the in-chamber pressure of the hot gases, the shutter fires to open the pipe 20 of the central bottom inlet of the basket 19 of the combustion product purification apparatus 5, which passes the combustion products into the layer of active granular material. Gas-dynamic locks in slotted channels 26 prevent the passage of combustion products into the apparatus for cleaning combustion products through slotted channels. There is a fluidization of the layer of active granular material 22 in the basket 19 and the formation of a fountain of suspended particles above the basket. The large interaction surface of the particles of the active granular material with the combustion products in the fluidized bed and in the superlayer space provides the neutralization and afterburning of the combustion products. The fluidizing gas supply system is additionally used for afterburning products of incomplete combustion, leveling the layer of active granular material over the cross section after loading and, if necessary, to reduce the pressure drop between the combustion chamber and the combustion product processing reactor.

The cleaned combustion products are taken from the internal circulation flow of the granular material with the help of two internal pipes 18 of the two-way exhaust pipe 17. The flow of granular material is reflected and the gas is decelerated in the flow running on the separating bump 16. The trough-like profile of the chipper 16 directs the granular material along the walls of the duct in the form of a downward flow, which leaves the apparatus for cleaning the combustion products 5 through slotted channels 26 to the combustion chamber 4, where it accumulates in the layer 10. During a downward flow in a thin layer along the walls of the elongated duct, grainy the material continues to interact with the combustion products, cooling, afterburning and neutralizing them.

After burning the fragment 8, the double-leaf hatch is opened remotely 11. The granular material, together with the remains of the fragment in the form of a shell, is poured onto the grate of the separator 12. The shell rolls onto the pallet 13, and the granular material wakes up through the grate to the drive 14. Next, the granular material is loaded into a transport container (not shown). Removing from the installation of hot granular material can reduce the heating of the structure and shorten the preparation time for burning the next fragment. Hot granular material during mass combustion can be used to heat household objects, hot water, etc.

The combustion chamber with the selected dimensions makes it possible to place a fragment of a projectile up to 50 cm long on it on a loose sand layer. With an outer diameter of the fragment of 50 cm and a channel diameter of 10 cm, the fragment will have a mass of solid fuel of about 165 kg. The burning time is determined by the thickness of the arch 20 cm and will be equal to 100 s at a burning rate in atmospheric conditions of 0.2 cm / s. The maximum gas evolution at the initial moment will be 1.868 kg / s and will further decrease by the end of the burning time to 0.55 kg / s. A fragment of the engine with a channel diameter of 20 cm and a solid fuel mass of 144 kg will provide an initial flow rate of 2.272 kg / s with a burning time of 75 s. By the end of combustion, the flow rate will decrease to 1.1 kg / s.

When the calculated load on the rate of gas evolution of burning fragments is 2 kg / s, the average speed of movement of hot gases in the combustion chamber 4 will be about 3.3 m / s. In the apparatus for processing combustion products 5, the gas velocity will decrease to 2.5 m / s due to cooling, so that the residence time in this chamber will be more than 1 s and sufficient for the interaction of gases with the active granular material.

At the selected rated load, the engine to be utilized should be cut into cylindrical fragments up to 50 cm long with two open ends.

River sand with a flow rate of up to 10 kg / kg of fuel has been adopted as a granular material for gas cooling and thermal wall protection. With perfect heat transfer, the gas temperature will drop from 1600 ° C to about 300 ° C. If the burning time is 100 s, the supply of sand or other granular material will be 2000 kg or 0.8 m, and the height of the consumed part of the layer in the product processing apparatus will be 0.27 m. The active granular material contains neutralizing agents for aggressive components of the combustion products and oxidizing agents for afterburning products of incomplete combustion. Neutralizing agents are lime and products based on it. Oxidizing agents can be additionally supplied to the layer air, oxides of transition metals such as iron oxide and copper. Peroxides of alkali and alkaline earth metals are both neutralizing and oxidizing agents.

For additional protection of the walls of the box from direct exposure to flame from the fragment channel, local thermal insulation in the form of hinged tiles made of material resistant to thermal shock is suitable.

The rotation of the loading platform for fragments, the movement of the shutter and the gate valve, the opening and closing of the double-wing hatch, the work of loaders and elevators are carried out by hydraulic drives with a source of hydraulic energy on a tractor unit.

The loose layer of granular material provides a slight deepening of the utilized part of the engine inside the layer and brakes the movements of the utilized part along the layer. The interaction of gas jets with granular material leads to the cooling of gases, trapping of condensed particles of combustion products and reducing heat load on the walls of the duct. The granular material removed through the bottom hatch after cooling in air, purification from soluble and separable impurities and drying is suitable for reuse.

A vertical single elongated box allows you to compactly place the main units of a mobile installation and organize the emission of combustion products at an altitude of more than 12 m, which is significantly higher than conventional buildings in rural settlements, and ensure the dispersion of combustion products.

Information sources

1. RU 2267025, 2005 (Burdyugov S.I., et al.).

2. RU 2247253, 2004 (Sakov Yu.L., Burdyugov S.I. et al.).

3. US 5727481. Voorhees R.P., Voorhees J.E., Portable Armored Incinerator for Dangerous Substances, 1998.

4 RU 2087804. Pak Z.P., Britarev V.V., Kurilovich V.G., Artyukhov A.P. et al. Installation for the utilization of solid rocket fuel charges, 1997.

5. US 5582119. Barkdoll M.P. Treatment of Explosive Waste // International Technology Corporation. 1996.

Claims (8)

1. Mobile installation for burning fragments of rocket engines of solid fuel, containing a shaft combustion chamber with a loading device for centering the fragment on the surface of the layer of granular material in the lower part of the combustion chamber with a bottom hatch for removing granular material together with non-combustible residues of the fragment and with a separator for separating granular material and non-combustible residues of the fragment and the purification apparatus of the combustion products connected to the upper part of the combustion chamber, characterized in that the purification apparatus is of combustion products and a shaft combustion chamber, the lower part of which carries a loose layer of granular material, made with rectangular cross-sections and placed in a single supporting elongated box of rectangular cross-section, mounted vertically from a transport horizontal position on a road train with a tractor equipped with hydraulic power drives, in a carrier an elongated duct basket with active granular material of the apparatus for cleaning combustion products in a fluidized bed divides the cavity located at the bottom of the combustion chamber and above it the apparatus for cleaning the products of combustion, the apparatus for cleaning the products of combustion at the outlet is equipped with a separating chipper and an exhaust pipe for purified gas, single-acting slotted channels formed by the walls of a single carrier box and a basket pass the spent and returned chipper to the combustion chamber the apparatus for cleaning granular material for subsequent removal through the bottom hatch of the combustion chamber. 2. Mobile installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the burned fragments are obtained by cutting a rocket engine of solid fuel. 3. The mobile installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the loading device comprises a rotary platform with a lodgement for the utilized part of the engine at the side of the loading door closed by the shutter with remote control of hydraulic power drives for turning the platform and moving the shutter. 4. The mobile installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom hatch of the combustion chamber is double-wing with remote control of hydraulic actuators for opening and closing the valves. 5. The mobile installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the granular material for gas cooling and thermal protection of the walls is river sand. 6. The mobile installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the active granular material contains neutralizing agents for aggressive components of the combustion products and oxidizing agents for afterburning products of incomplete combustion. 7. Mobile installation according to claims 1 and 6, characterized in that the oxidizing and neutralizing agents are peroxide compounds of alkali and alkaline earth metals. 8. The mobile installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the single-acting slotted channels formed by the walls of a single carrier box and a basket are equipped with single-acting gas-dynamic shutters, which exclude the flow of gases from the combustion chamber to the combustion product purification apparatus.

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