RU2457333C1 - Dust-throwing gas-dynamic mortar - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: mortar includes cylindrical housing, container with dry chemical powder barred with diaphragm at outlet, piston, chamber with preset pressure of gas in it, gas generator. Mortar is started by electric impulse of remotely placed detector tracking the situation independent of its type. Chamber with preset pressure is connected to cavity in which gas generator is located, separated from container with dry chemical powder by membrane to open. Container is provided with movable partitions, the first of them is located with a gap to membrane and has through selection chordwise in its lower part. Mortar housing is provided with elements providing its fastening on carriage or to gas outlet main pipe or to its discharging vertically oriented branch.

EFFECT: improving safety, reliability and efficiency of distance protection of controlled space from fire and explosions upon localisation of these factors at distant approaches from the device independent of type of used detector and mortar space orientation.

10 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of means for improving the safety of mine workings, exhaust pipes and / or their discharge vertically oriented branches. Mortira dust-gas-dynamic (PGM) automatically performs the functions of extinguishing explosive combustion and prevents the spread of flame in a controlled space when a methane and / or dust-air mixture of any concentration ignites. PGM prevents the spread of destructive loads (shock wave) and fire impact on personnel and equipment, implements the piston principle of displacement of extinguishing powder.

A device for localizing the explosion of a methane-air mixture and coal dust according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2248833 (publ. 01/20/2005), containing a housing, a container filled with fire extinguishing powder and at the exit closed by an easily destructible diaphragm, a piston, a chamber with a given pressure of the gas contained in it means for generating gas.

Curbed, charged and in standby mode, the device has a cylinder with high pressure gas (15 MPa or more), which is a potential source of danger to personnel and equipment, requires appropriate routine maintenance. The composition of the structural elements of the device, their layout are tied to the type of sensor used, namely, the shock wave sensor, which is an integral part of the device, which reduces operational capabilities and amenities. The use of a 2–6 m long extension rod that transmits the mechanical impulse of the shock wave perceived by the receiving disk to the sliding clutch of the initiation mechanism can lead to misalignment due to accidental force action, subsequent increase in the level of excess pressure necessary to start the device, and, accordingly , to the deterioration of the time parameters of the device and even failure. The conical shape of the body (hopper) from which the powder is emitted prevents the effective formation of a dust cloud from the extinguishing powder, since the gas pressure, already reduced when approaching the expanding section, drops sharply when entering a large volume of the protected space, which also leads to a sharp decrease ejection speed and range. A large number of assembly units of the device reduce the reliability of its operation. In addition, the design of the device determines the need for a multi-echelon system of such devices in order to achieve an acceptable result on the localization of avalanche processes of explosions and combustion. When the gas-forming chemical composition is triggered, the pressure of the gases released during this overcomes the resistance of the spherical movable bearings, the mass of the remote rod with the receiving disk and is spent on shifting the sliding sleeve from right to left. This leads to an undesirable increase in the inertia of the response of the system. The presence in the known device of triggering mechanisms, the actions of which are directed against each other, in the event of a situation of equality of forces, will lead to the fact that the device does not work, which reduces the reliability of its functions.

The prior art device for the localization of explosions of methane-air mixture and (or) coal dust (option 1), adopted as a prototype, according to patent No. 2342535 (publ. December 27, 2008), containing a housing, a container filled with extinguishing powder and closed at the exit an easily destructible diaphragm, a piston, a chamber with a given pressure of the gas contained in it, a means for generating gas, equipped with an electric igniter.

The known device, although partially reduces some of the disadvantages of the above analogue, such as inertia, but nevertheless does not exclude it. The device is bulky, has a large number of assembly units, movable elements (piston, piston rod, etc.) are a fairly massive assembly, which leads to a relatively low efficiency of using the potential energy of compressed gas. The design of the device was developed taking into account the need to duplicate the process of forming the primary explosion-proofing barrier and interacting with the processes of forming additional explosion-proofing screens, it involves the destruction of the first device in the path of the blast wave, which characterizes the low efficiency of the design and the instability of reproducing the functional result, and also reduces the economic attractiveness of the device. The conical shape of the body (hopper) from which the powder is emitted prevents the effective formation of a dust cloud from the extinguishing powder, since the gas pressure, already reduced when approaching the expanding section, drops sharply when entering a large volume of the protected space, which also leads to a sharp decrease ejection speed and range. The presence in the inner volume of the spray hopper for dispersing the extinguishing powder, partially covering the outlet of the device, creates additional resistance and reduces the energy of the gas — the working fluid emitting the powder, and also leads to uneven distribution of the powder over the cross section of the ejected gas-powder mixture, to a decrease in the range of action, instability and incomplete release and, accordingly, to reduce the efficiency of the device. Filling the working chamber with high-pressure compressed gas (15 MPa or more) adversely affects safety. The design features of the device are predetermined by the type of sensor used, namely, a shock wave sensor, which at the same time is an integral part of the device, which reduces operational capabilities and amenities, does not allow the device to work ahead, before the shock wave arrives, does not exclude a methane explosion in the controlled area, and only limits the spread of fire to an adjacent area. In accordance with mining and geological factors, when the possibility of mounting a remote rod in a rectilinear direction is excluded, the device requires refinement.

In addition, due to the design features of both the analog and the prototype, known devices cannot be effectively used in an inclined position.

The objective of this technical solution is to develop a dusty gas-dynamic mortar, universal in type of the sensor used, which allows expanding the range of applications, increasing the safety, reliability and effectiveness of distance protection of the controlled space from fire and explosions, localizing these factors at far approaches from the device, expanding operational capabilities and convenience by creating conditions to increase the momentum and emission range of a harmoniously organized compact first and uniformly distributed over the cross section of the powder mixture stream, which allows to create a shock wave counter, regardless of location in space mortars.

The problem is solved by the claimed design of the dusty gas-dynamic mortar, comprising a housing, a container filled with fire extinguishing powder and at the exit blocked by an easily destructible diaphragm, a piston, a chamber with a given pressure of the gas contained in it, a means for generating gas equipped with an electric igniter. The peculiarity lies in the fact that the housing is cylindrical, equipped with a flange on the container side, the inner diameter of which is smaller than the diameter of the piston, the means for generating gas is a gas generator, mounted coaxially in the neck of the housing and placed in a cavity formed by the housing and the piston made with a constant thick, a chamber with a given pressure of the gas contained in it, through at least one through hole in the piston communicates with the cavity in which the gas generator is located, and from the container with extinguishing powder by an openable membrane, in the container, with a gap from the openable membrane, there is a first partition, and on the discharge side of the gas-powder mixture close to the diaphragm there is a second partition, and the partitions are movable, and the first partition in the lower part has a through selection along the chord .

In particular, the easily destructible diaphragm is made of pressed cardboard with notches or of a polymer film.

In particular, the piston is equipped with an element that provides radial opening of the membrane, the width of which is less than the inner diameter of the flange, and the height is selected so that it does not interact with the first baffle.

In particular, a ring-shaped sample with a curved profile is made in the housing flange on the membrane side with the formation of a pointed contour of the inner diameter of the flange.

In particular, the opening membrane is provided with radial notches.

In particular, the openable membrane is made of metal or of komzitsionnogo polymer material.

In particular, the partitions are made of foam or felt.

In particular, the first partition from the side of the opened membrane is combined with a gasket made of rubber or a polymer film.

In particular, a chamber with a given pressure is in communication with a means of maintaining it in the form of a cylinder with compressed or liquefied gas or a compressor.

In particular, the casing is equipped with elements that ensure the mortars are mounted on a carriage or to a gas outlet line or to its discharge vertically oriented branch.

Distinctive features of the proposed mortar design from the prototype are: the lack of interconnection between the implementation of structural elements and their layout from the type of sensor used; minimizing the number of assembly elements; compactness of the device as a whole; the presence of a solid piston (in the prototype a hollow piston with many elements in the internal volume); another means of generating gas is a gas generator, as a separate assembly unit (in the prototype, on the piston rod located in the cylindrical cavity of the hollow piston, a gas-generating chamber with a gas-forming chemical composition with an electric igniter is placed in it); giving the piston a different function when moving it — compresses the gas in the chamber with the originally set pressure (in the prototype — the piston moves to organize the passage of gas from the chamber with the originally set high pressure through the holes in its walls to the destructible diaphragm); the absence of obstacles in the way of the gas-powder mixture, only the easily destructible diaphragm (in the prototype, in addition to the diaphragm, a spray is installed); a different level of the set pressure in the chamber with gas; another form of the body is a cylinder (in the prototype there is a cone-shaped part); the possibility of implementing a functional result when installed on gas exhaust lines and its discharge vertically oriented branches; the mortar principle of the ejection of a gas-powder dust-like mixture, and the time from the moment the signal is supplied to the end of the ejection of the gas-powder mixture is not more than 13 milliseconds at a range of 45 m (in the prototype 18-20 milliseconds at a range of 30 m); the possibility of any orientation of the mortars in space during installation (in the prototype only horizontally); the absence of the need for constant monitoring of the level of the set pressure (enough once a year, because the set pressure is 0.4-0.6 MPa, and the pressure required to open the membrane and throw the gas-powder mixture is created during the operation of the piston).

A device for generating a dust cloud for the localization of explosions according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2355633 (published on 10.10.2008) is stated, in which the principle of powder mortar emission is stated, in which movable partitions are used, acting as wads, locking the powder in the housing on both sides without access gas so that at the initial moment of release all this assembly would fly out like a cork. But there is every reasonable reason to believe that the caked powder will not allow to achieve the stated result, the density of the powder is uneven in cross section, in addition, a divider is placed at the exit of the device.

In the claimed design, the mortars on the path of the flying assembly are only easily destroyed by the diaphragm, and the powder itself, due to the initial flow of gas into the lower most densified part of the powder through the through sample in the first movable partition, is already aerated and prepared for throwing.

The proposed set of essential features is unknown from the prior art. But it was precisely this combination of features that made it possible by means of constructive support to stably reproduce the effective functional result of the claimed mortar and solve the problem.

The proposed mortar gas-dynamic dust is illustrated by graphic images:

Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a mortar with a piston equipped with a membrane opening element;

Figure 2 - node a in figure 1 when performing ring sampling in the flange of the housing;

Figure 3 - General view of the mortar, mounted on a gun carriage;

Figure 4 - General view of the mortar with flange mounting on the exhaust pipe;

5 is a General view of the mortar with flange mounting to the discharge branch of the exhaust pipe;

6 is a photo of a spray torch of extinguishing powder when the mortar is triggered in unlimited space.

Mortira (Figure 1) contains a housing 1, a container 2 with a fire extinguishing powder 3, blocked by a diaphragm 4, a piston 5, a chamber 6 with a given pressure of the gas contained in it (any inert, such as carbon dioxide, or air). A gas generator is fixed in the neck of the housing 1. The housing 1 is equipped with a flange 8 on the container 2 side. The generated gases enter the cavity 9 formed by the housing 1 and the piston 5. The chamber 6 is in communication with the cavity 9 through at least one opening 10 and is separated from container 2 with an openable membrane 11 (for example, stainless steel or galvanized iron or glass or carbon fiber). In the container 2, a first partition 12 is placed, which can be hardened by a gasket 13, a second partition 14. The chamber 6 can be in communication with a means of maintaining pressure 15. The housing is equipped with elements 16 (for example, an earring) and / or 17 (for example, a flange), providing mounting mortars, respectively, on the carriage or to the exhaust pipe or to its branch (Fig. 3 and Fig. 4). The gas generator 7 through the terminal box 18 and the cable 19 is connected to the sensor 20 with a short time of issuing a control pulse (it can be optical, shock wave, thermal, etc.). The piston 5 may be, in necessary cases of practical implementation of the mortar design, equipped with an element 21 for guaranteed opening of the membrane 11. To ensure radial opening of the membrane, element 21 can be made, for example, of at least two metal plates in the form of rectangular trapezoid with sharpened ribs, interconnected by large bases, and with a piston connected on the side that is the height of the trapezoid. When attaching the mortars, for example, to the highway, the pressing of the diaphragm 4 is carried out by the counter flange with which the highway is equipped. When fixing the mortars on the carriage, the diaphragm 4 is pressed, for example, with a ring fastened to the flange 17.

Mortira works as follows. During an outbreak, deflogration, or explosive combustion of a methane and / or dusty air mixture or a mixture of hydrocarbons (propane, methane, ethane, ethylene, etc.) with air, a sensor 20 for monitoring the situation, installed at a distance of 100-150 m from the mortar in a controlled space, transmits an electrical impulse through a cable 19 connected in the terminal box 18 with the leads of an electric igniter (not shown conventionally) of the gas generator 7. The pyrotechnic composition ignites (for example, a sample of hunting powder of DRP-3 brand according to GOST 1028) gas generator pressure 7. The pressure generated in the cavity 9 by the generated gas drives a piston 5, which compresses the gas in the chamber 6. First, the compressed gas, after opening the membrane 11, enters through the through sampling in the partition 12 into the lower compacted part of the powder 3 and aerates it. Almost simultaneously, the partitions 12, 14 and the powder 3 begin a joint departure from the mortar, opening the easily destructible diaphragm 4, and a harmoniously organized flow of the gas-powder mixture enters the protected space.

A portion of the powder in the gas generator is selected due to the exhaustion of the kinetic energy of the piston at the time of opening of the membrane.

The design parameters of the mortar, loading conditions and the weight of the missile charge of the extinguishing powder are related by the relations:

;

;

,

,

where G is the weight of the missile charge extinguishing powder, kg;

- объем камеры 6 между мембраной 11 и поршнем 5 в исходном перед выстрелом положении, м³, фиг.1;

- the volume of the chamber 6 between the membrane 11 and the piston 5 in the initial position before firing, m ³ , figure 1;

D _k - the inner diameter of the chamber 6, figure 1;

P _n - boost pressure in the chamber 6, MPa;

- длина камеры 6 между мембраной 11 и поршнем 5 при вскрытии мембраны 11, м;

- the length of the chamber 6 between the membrane 11 and the piston 5 when opening the membrane 11, m;

L _k - the length of the chamber 6 between the membrane 11 and the piston 5 in the initial position before firing, m

Example 1

Take: D _k = 0.204 m; L _k = 1.05 m; P _n = 0.6 MPa.

According to the formulas we get: G≤25 kg.

Example 2

Take: G = 25 kg; P _n = 0.4 MPa.

According to the formulas we get: V _k ≥0.051 m ³ ;

if D _k = 0.1 m, then L _k = 6.5 m;

D _k = 0.2 m, then L _k = 1.6 m;

D _k = 0.3 m, then L _k = 0.72 m.

Example 3

Take: D _k = 0.3 m; L _k = 1.5 m; G = 25 kg.

By the formulas we get: P _n ≥0.2 MPa.

30 Mortar equipped with Phoenix fire extinguishing powder was successfully tested at Yuzhkuzbassugol Management Company OJSC under the conditions of its branches: Esaulskaya Mine, Abashevskaya Mine, Osinniki Mine, Ulyanovskaya Mine. At the same time, the weight of gunpowder of the DRP-3 brand was 150 g, and the set pressure was 0.6 MPa.

When the mortar is activated, the configuration of the powder spray 3 is the result of a complex two-phase outflow of a highly turbulent gas-powder mixture from the container 2. When leaving the mortar, the gas-powder mixture forms the angle of the spray jet, which is 12-15 °. Further, due to the resistance of the ambient air, the spray torch sharply increases in cross section. The firing range (plume of powder spraying) is at least 45 m (Figure 4).

Mortira as a product meets the requirements of fire and explosion safety standards, is not a source of the formation of a fire and explosive atmosphere, a source of ignition and explosion initiation in an atmosphere of mine workings or transit through gas pipelines of any concentration, reduces physical and psychological stress on staff.

Thus, the claimed design of the dusty gas dynamic mortar is practically feasible and allows you to satisfy a long-standing need for solving the problem.

Claims (10)

1. Mortar gas-dynamic dust-containing, containing a housing, a container filled with fire-extinguishing powder and at the exit blocked by an easily destructible diaphragm, a piston, a chamber with a given pressure of the gas contained in it, a means for generating gas, equipped with an electric igniter, characterized in that the housing is cylindrical, on the container side is equipped with a flange, the inner diameter of which is less than the diameter of the piston, the means for generating gas is a gas generator fixed in g the barrel of the housing coaxially and placed in the cavity formed by the housing and the piston made with a constant thickness, the chamber with a given pressure of the gas contained in it through at least one through hole in the piston communicates with the cavity in which the gas generator is located, is separated from the container with a fire-extinguishing powder with an openable membrane, the first partition is located in the container with a gap from the openable membrane, and on the discharge side of the gas-powder mixture close to the diaphragm is the second partition, and the partition is made movable, and the first partition in the lower part has a through the sample along the chord. 2. Mortar according to claim 1, characterized in that the easily destructible diaphragm is made of pressed cardboard with notches or of a polymer film. 3. Mortar according to claim 1, characterized in that the piston is equipped with an element that provides radial opening of the membrane, the width of which is less than the inner diameter of the flange, and the height is selected so that it does not interact with the first baffle. 4. Mortar according to claim 1, characterized in that in the flange of the housing on the membrane side, an annular sample with a curved profile is made with the formation of a pointed contour of the inner diameter of the flange. 5. Mortar according to claim 1, characterized in that the opened membrane is provided with radial notches. 6. Mortar according to claim 1, characterized in that the membrane to be opened is made of metal or of a composite polymer material. 7. Mortira according to claim 1, characterized in that the partitions are made of foam or felt. 8. Mortira according to claim 1, characterized in that the first partition from the side of the opened membrane is combined with a gasket made of rubber or a polymer film. 9. Mortira according to claim 1, characterized in that the chamber with a given pressure is in communication with the means for maintaining it in the form of a cylinder with compressed or liquefied gas or a compressor. 10. Mortira according to claim 1, characterized in that the casing is equipped with elements for securing the mortars on a carriage or to a gas outlet line or to its discharge vertically oriented branch.

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