RU2455579C2 - Method for obtaining heat energy from electrical energy, and cooter-petrov device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power industry.

SUBSTANCE: electric heating element is heated to 700°C during 3-5 sec; then, heat energy is transferred from carbon thread to ceramic heating pipe during 5-10 minutes; after that, heat and IR-radiation is generated; the obtained heat is transmitted to heated water; after that, when the temperature of 65°C is reached, supply of electric energy to the unit is switched off during 68-75 minutes; then, water is cooled during 1.5 hours to 40°C; after that, the unit is switched on again and this cycle is repeated again till the unit is disconnected from electrical network. In the device for obtaining heat energy from electrical energy the electric heating element consists of ceramic heating pipe with hydrophobic protective layer, and ceramic heating pipe consists of carbon thread with protective hydrophobic coating and zero water absorption, solid ceramic cylinder with a hole for enlarging the heat exchange surface and heating element laying channel.

EFFECT: power consumption economy with simultaneous sufficient enhancement of the action of structure-forming effect on homogeneous liquid medium.

2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a power system and heat exchange equipment, and in particular to a class of electric heaters for heating a liquid medium in household and industrial apparatus and equipment for various purposes, and can be used for heating and hot water supply of domestic and industrial premises and in equipment for various purposes containing an aggressive environment , for example antifreeze, antifreeze.

The device is a ceramic-carbon thermal energy-saving resonator (KUTER) PETROV.

The preferred area of use at present is the operation of a product for heating water in boilers, heating boilers, heat accumulators for domestic hot water supply and space heating.

Known standard nichrome heater for a boiler with a power of 1.5-2 kW, providing heating exclusively due to Joule heat and having an efficiency of over 90%, decreasing to 70-80% during operation of a heater (GOST 13268-88).

All applicable energy saving measures when using heating elements allow achieving savings of no more than 10% by improving the quality of thermal insulation and the use of other materials.

The known heating element of the LET apparatus “Sunshine” manufactured by Latest Energy Technologies LLC (Republic of Kyrgyzstan), which is an WaSER LET infrared generator. Such a generator produces infrared radiation in the frequency range of 8.6-9.0 μm due to the special internal structure of the working fluid of the tubular ceramic block. WaSER LET work is based on a method of amplifying infrared radiation under the influence of carbon infrared radiation of the corresponding range using kaolin ceramic-single crystal - a kaolin ceramic single crystal with chemical elements that create active impurities. A single crystal of kaolin ceramics is capable of undergoing infrared pumping under the influence of carbon infrared radiation, generating monochromatic infrared radiation. WaSER LET is electrically safe, fireproof, harmless to humans and durable in use (patent KG No. 547, 2001).

However, WaSER LET (and devices based on it) is intended solely for creating a healing microclimate and heating of indoor air with simultaneous low energy consumption. At the same time, the problem of heating a household coolant - water was not solved, therefore, the disadvantages of the known method of obtaining thermal energy from electric energy are the inability to regulate power consumption and use it for hot water supply to household consumers.

Closest to the proposed facilities are a method and apparatus for generating thermal energy from electrical energy. A method of generating thermal energy from electric energy involves transferring energy by an electrostatic apparatus using a uniform electric field at a constant current level in the load, creating a temperature sufficient to effect resistive heating, using liquid as a heat carrier, moreover, temperature control and setting the potential difference at the electrostatic input the apparatus is carried out by selecting the capacity of the electrostatic apparatus with a fixed heat-removing surface MOD. An electrostatic apparatus containing a set of AC capacitors with a connection circuit providing an individual charge of each capacitor and a simultaneous total discharge per load placed in the thermostat is introduced into the device for receiving thermal energy from electric energy. The inner chamber (heat-generating zone) and the outer chamber (heat-removal zone) are hermetically isolated from each other. The inlet and outlet openings of the external chamber are either closed to each other outside the device with the formation of a single closed circulation system for the coolant, or open using a flow system (RF patent No. 2201556, 2001).

The disadvantage of these methods and devices is the impossibility of their use in other liquid media, except for water.

The objective of the invention is to provide a method for converting electrical energy into heat and radiating and a device for its implementation, which allows to save electricity consumption by 2.0-2.5 times while significantly enhancing the effect of the structuring effect on a homogeneous liquid medium and expanding the field of use.

This object is achieved in that in a method for generating thermal energy from electrical energy, comprising placing a resistive electric heating element in an environment of a heat-accumulating substance, which is used as a ceramic material, insulated together with an electric heating element in its volume from the surrounding space with a heat-removing surface to form a thermostat, the placement of the obtained one or more thermostats into the surrounding heated space, supply to an electric heater electric energy element, heating the electric heating element, controlling the temperature and setting the potential difference at the inlet of the electrostatic apparatus and washing the heat-removing surface of the device with a liquid medium, transferring energy to the electrostatic apparatus, creating a temperature sufficient to effect resistive heating, and heating the liquid medium to the required temperature, at When heated, the electric heating element accumulates and radiates thermal energy for 5-10 minutes, after which the generator begins heat and infrared radiation, which is associated with the properties of the single-crystal composition of the ceramic material, heat is transferred to the heated water through heat transfer in the layers adjacent to the ceramic material, and then the heat flux passing through the contact layer is transferred to the molecules of the liquid medium at the molecular level when temperature set by the thermostat, turn off the power supply to the device.

The task is also achieved by the fact that in a device for generating thermal energy from electrical energy, containing at least one resistive electric heating element connected to a power source, and a heat storage substance, which is used as a ceramic material isolated from extra-voluminous space, the electric heating element consists of a ceramic heating pipe with a hydrophobic protective layer, and a ceramic heating pipe consists of a carbon filament with a protective hydrophobic coating and zero water absorption, a monolithic ceramic cylinder with a hole to increase the heat exchange surface and the channel for laying the heating element.

The actual difference of the KUTER PETROVA device from the prototype, in addition to the design features, is to use a structural volumetric effect associated with the structural effect of water (or other liquid medium) to the required temperature (with a simultaneous decrease in energy consumption by 2-2.5 times) resonant response of water molecules to monochromatic infrared radiation with a specific wavelength with the participation of heterogeneous structuring on the surface of the ceramic base of the device. At the same time, the actual evolution of additional heat due to condensation intermolecular interactions (the effect of the appearance of microclusters) is observed with preservation of the acquired structure for 1.0-1.5 hours after the device is completely turned off. Such heat emission is more than _^3/4 of the thermal energy received due to electrical, provides the actual appearance of high efficiency.

The technical result achieved by the implementation of the proposed objects of the invention is:

- ensuring energy savings of 2-2.5 times in comparison with existing analogues;

- explosion safety;

- harmless to the human body;

- lack of need for constant maintenance;

- use of the KUTER PETROVA device in other liquid environments, except water (in hostile environments: antifreeze, oil, antifreeze);

- increase in service life (not less than 7 years).

Another advantage of the claimed objects is that the device is made of environmentally friendly and clean material.

The invention is illustrated by the following drawings.

Figure 1 shows a General view of the proposed device.

Figure 2 shows a diagram of a ceramic heating tube.

Figure 3 shows a section of a ceramic heating tube.

The KUTER PETROVA heating device consists of a ceramic heating pipe 1 with a hydrophobic protective layer, a temperature regulator 2 in a metal case, a metal flange 3 with a mounting hole, an electronic unit 4, output contacts 5 from the heating element and power contacts 6.

Ceramic heating pipe 1 consists of a heating element - carbon filament 7 - with a hydrophobic protective coating 8 with zero water absorption, a monolithic ceramic cylinder 9 with an opening 10 to increase the heat exchange surface, a channel 11 for laying the heating element, the terminals 13 of which are sealed with a special heat-resistant sealant 12 .

Figure 3 presents a section of a ceramic heating pipe 1, which shows that the carbon conductive thread 7 is located in the body of a highly heat-absorbing dielectric filler 14, in turn, the filler is in a protective medium 15 created on the basis of nanotechnology, all together enclosed in a ceramic monolithic body cylinder 9, the surface of which is treated with a protective hydrophobic coating 8 with zero water absorption.

The KUTER PETROVA heating element consists of a solid ceramic-carbon block, which, when an electric current passes through the conductive part of the resonator, generates heat, due to which the water is heated.

A carbon-based composite material located in a ceramic pipe of a special design is used as a heating element. Heat transfer is carried out by the method of heat transfer from the composite material to the wall of the ceramic pipe, and then to the heated water. This process occurs as in a conventional heating element. However, the heat flux of the proposed device, made of composite material, consists of two components: Q1 - heat transfer; Q2 - thermal infrared radiation. The coefficient of ability to radiate heat flux from the composite material used in the proposed device is 0.96-0.97; and the same coefficient for nichrome materials is 0.1-0.08, which is on average 11-12 times less. The heat transfer effect is enhanced by infrared radiation of the material in the range of 8.6-9.0 microns. Therefore, when applying the same currents to these conductors, the total heat flux of the carbon composite material is 3.5–4 times higher than that of nichrome materials. The average value for thermal devices (50% of heat) emitted by the heated heat transfer conductor is the additional heat received from the radiation, and if we take a ten-fold difference in the ability to emit heat, the proposed device consumes 5.5 times less electricity than any nichrome ones, as confirmed by practical tests.

Radiation in a given range is achieved by selecting the physicochemical composition of components (ceramics and carbon spirals) with the same wavelengths of their own internal vibrations and using protective coatings and all materials used in the manufacture according to the same principle.

The surface of the proposed resonator does not conduct electric current and does not conduct water.

An integral unit is mounted in the heating elements using special technology and is located in a protective environment, which ensures long-term operation and reliable operation.

Ceramic KUTER PETROVA is hermetically fixed to the metal flange, which is installed in the "boiler", "boiler". The system is provided with protection and automation.

Technical characteristics of the device are given in table 1.

Table 1 one Body Ceramics 2 Voltage 220-230 V 3 Working current 2-3.5 A four Resistance of heating elements 5 Power consumption 500-750 W 6 Heat flow produced 600-1500 Ccl / h 7 The weight 6 kg 8 Dimensions of flanges attached 0 = 65 mm, 1_ = 360-520 mm 9 Execution fire and explosion proof 10 Mode of operation continuous eleven Average life 7 years

In addition, during the operation of the KUTER PETROVA device, due to the use of dielectric materials, there are no energy losses due to electromagnetic interference (Foucault currents). At the same energy costs, compared to heating elements, this unit emits energy in a narrow range of the infrared spectrum, which is not observed with standard heaters. The presence and nature of radiation determines its record economy and heat efficiency.

All materials used in the production of KUTER PETROV are environmentally friendly, and the calculated temperature and electrical regimes do not allow to obtain effects harmful to humans from radiation.

The method is as follows.

When the KUTER PETROVA apparatus is turned on in the electric network, the carbon fiber heating element 7 heats up to a temperature of 700 ° С almost instantly (3-5 s), then heat energy is transferred from the carbon fiber to the ceramic heating pipe 1, which, in turn, has a certain heat capacity, accumulates and radiates thermal energy for 5-10 minutes, after which it begins to generate thermal and IR radiation, which is associated with the properties of the single crystal composition of ceramic pipe 1. This thermal and IR radiation p Reda heat to the heated water by means of heat in the layers adjacent to the ceramic tube, and further the heat flow past the contact layer, on a molecular level is transferred water molecules, when the temperature of water set by a temperature controller in a metal sheath 2, the latter cuts off the supply of electricity to the machine. Further, due to the inertial properties of the ceramic pipe 1, slow cooling (generation of thermal and IR radiation) occurs for 1.5 hours. When the water cools to a temperature of 40 ° C, the KUTER PETROVA apparatus is automatically turned on. And this cycle is repeated until the device is turned off from the electrical network. It can be seen from the above that this process contributes to energy conservation.

The energy-saving device KUTER PETROV was tested in production conditions.

As the device under test, we took a standard 30 liter boiler manufactured by the Bulgarian company Diplomat with a 1.5 kW heating element in which the temperature of the water was measured during its heating and the temperature-time dependence was recorded.

In accordance with the passport data for a thirty-liter Diplomat boiler with a 1.5 kW heater installed, water heating to 65 ° C takes 75 minutes. Thus, the energy consumption when heating the water with a heating element up to 65 ° C will be:

E (kWh) = W / (kBt) × T (h) = 1.5 kW × (75/60) h = 1.875 kWh

where E is the energy consumed by the heater, kW · h,

W - heater power, kW

T is the time of heating the water to the final temperature, h. The measurement procedure was carried out on the indicated boiler, but with the installed KUTER PETROVA device with a capacity of 648 watts. The parameters of the resulting modified system are as follows.

1. The volume of water is 30 l.

2. Water temperature 12 ° C.

3. The air temperature in the room is 22 ° C.

4. Power is 648 watts.

5. Power supply 220 V.

table 2 Temperature-time dependence for a modified boiler Interval minutes 0 5 10 fifteen twenty thirty 40 fifty 60 68 70 75 Temperature ° C 12 twenty 28 32 36 42 fifty 57 61 65 66 75

When heated to 65 ° C, the KUTER PETROVA device, which takes place in 68 minutes, consumes electricity:

E (kWh) = W (kBt) × T (h) = 0.648 kW × (68/60) h = 0.734 kWh

which is in (1.875 kWh / 0.734 kWh) = 2.54 times smaller value.

Therefore, energy savings of 2.5 times.

Claims (2)

1. A method of producing thermal energy from electrical energy, comprising placing a resistive electric heating element in the environment of a heat-accumulating substance, which is used as a ceramic material, insulated together with an electric heating element in its volume from the surrounding space with a heat-removing surface to form a thermostat, placing the obtained one or more thermostats in surrounding heated space, supply to electric heating element of electric energy, heating ev electric heating element, temperature control and setting the potential difference at the inlet of the electrostatic apparatus and flushing the heat-removing surface of the device with a liquid medium, transferring energy to the electrostatic apparatus, creating a temperature sufficient to carry out resistive heating, and heating the liquid medium to the required temperature, characterized in that they heat the electric heating element to a temperature of 700 ° C for 3-5 s, then transfer thermal energy from the carbon filament to ceramic heat pipe for 5-10 minutes, after which heat and infrared radiation are generated, the received heat is transferred to the heated water, then when the temperature reaches 65 ° C for 68-75 minutes, the power supply to the device is turned off, then the water is cooled for 1, 5 hours to a temperature of 40 ° C, after which the device is turned on again and this cycle is repeated until the device is turned off from the mains. 2. A device for generating thermal energy from electrical energy, containing at least one resistive electric heating element connected to a power source, and a heat storage substance, which is used as a ceramic material isolated from extra-large space, characterized in that the electric heating element consists of a ceramic heating element pipes with a hydrophobic protective layer, and the ceramic heating pipe consists of a carbon thread with a protective hydrophobic coating and zero odopogloscheniem, monolithic ceramic cylinder with a hole to increase the heat exchange surface and a channel for stacking the heating element.

Images