RU2455040C2 - Individual rescue facility - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: salvage appliances.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a rescue service, in particular, to devices for life saving and is designed to save people during anthropogenic accidents, terrorist acts or fires from high-rise buildings and skyscrapers. An individual rescue facility comprises a bracket in the form of a monorail arranged as capable of sliding outside the building facade and ledges plane. Besides, the rescue facility comprises a lowering device including a safety belt, a bearing rod with a support plate, where folding shelves are fixed for sitting, a yoke plate to retain a roll with a tape wound into parallel coils, stop handles with a spring to adjust the lowering speed. At the end of the tape there is an eye for connection of a lowering device with a bracket.

EFFECT: improving lowering safety and mobility.

8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a rescue service, in particular to devices for saving lives, and is intended to save people during industrial accidents, terrorist attacks or fires from high-rise buildings and skyscrapers.

The SNiP “Fire Safety of Buildings and Structures” states that houses should be provided with rescue equipment “in necessary cases”. The faster people leave a burning building of any number of storeys, incl. higher floors and skyscrapers, the fewer casualties there will be and the faster the fire will begin to extinguish.

During a man-made accident, terrorist attack or fire, people in high-rise buildings die because they cannot be evacuated directly outside or to a safe area using standard evacuation routes. “Evacuation path” - a path of movement and / or movement of people leading directly outward or to a safe area that meets the requirements for safe evacuation of people in case of fire. Source: Federal Law 123-FZ “Technical Regulation on Fire Safety Requirements”. Fire departments have been traveling for a long time due to various reasons, evacuation routes in buildings are either closed, clogged, or there is fire and smoke and they cannot be passed through.

There are: “Collective rescue equipment” - rescue equipment in case of fire, which can simultaneously be used by a group of people. “Personal protective equipment” - means intended for the self-rescue of people from windows, balconies and loggias of buildings, as well as for the protection of the respiratory system and vision from dangerous fire factors. (Source MGSN.4.19 - 2005. Temporary norms and rules for the design of multifunctional high-rise buildings and structures-complexes in Moscow).

Existing collective rescue equipment - a cube, a rescue sleeve, a stretch rescue canvas, inter-balcony stairs or “storm” mounted ladders, sliding fire ladders or elevators, inflatable braking devices and parachutes have significant drawbacks, and the main drawback is psychological. From a great height, the “cube”, “pull-out rescue canvas” will be so small that a person will not jump down, even if he is wearing a parachute, and the wind will take the person to no one knows where. Inter-balcony staircases are usually clogged, obstructed or forced, hinged stairs are short (30 m long). Fire escape ladder or lift - cannot approach, the departure height is low or strong winds.

In world practice, individual rescue equipment has been developed: “DE-1002”, “DoublExit”, “TITUM”, “Bars”, “Vento”, “Chance”, “Spider”, “Slip evacuators”. But they all have significant design flaws that a simple, untrained person who is in a state of stress and panic cannot overcome.

The seat - the “scarf”, is made of canvas, and the person panics, he does not have time and how to dress it, still fasten it correctly, but you also have to attach it correctly to the rope-cable, and everything falls from your hands, time is running out. Purely psychologically, a person sitting in a linen scarf, and not on a rigid foundation, experiences additional horror.

The rope-rope must be thrown out the window ("Chance", "Spider", etc.), but why attach the end of the rope-rope? In modern buildings, the piping of the heating system is made of reinforced polypropylene, metal-plastic, or cross-linked polyethylene pipes, and aluminum batteries are attached to hooks. If you tie the end of the rope-rope to them, then the battery with the pipes will fly out the window. The developers (“Vento”, “Bars”, etc.) suggest that in order to fasten the self-passes, the hook inside the room must be hammered into the ceiling near the window in advance, but this hook will spoil any interior and will interfere with window curtains. Or hammer a hook on the facade near the window, ruining the facade of the building. It is impossible to hammer hooks in advance for another reason - security companies guarding buildings will not be able to carry out their work, for thieves this is a safe way out. Hammering hooks in an emergency, during a fire, when the count goes on for seconds, from the horror of what is happening, a person falls into a panic, and he still needs to have something to hammer into a concrete ceiling or a brick wall - it's unrealistic. Even if this hook is hammered into the ceiling well in advance and the person attached one end of the rope rope to it and threw the other end out of the window, this rope rope will pass along the bottom of the frame and tin randrik-tide and the higher the building, the longer rope-rope, the harder it is, the harder it will be pressed to the bottom of the frame and sandric-tide. The rope-rope will be pulled and pressed close to the facade. An unprepared person in a state of panic will not be able to start the descent. If the hook is clogged on the facade of the building, then you need to reach for it and fasten for it, standing on the edge in the window opening without any barriers. But even if this person overcomes, he will go down huddled under his own weight and the weight of the rope-rope against the wall of the facade of the building, ripping off the masonry or ledges of the facade.

If it is necessary to escape from a great height, the rope-rope should be the same length (for example, 200 lm, 10 mm thick). How much will she weigh? And she still needs to be thrown out the window - a panicking person will fly out the window with this rope-cable. The thrown end of the rope-rope, fluttering in the wind, can catch on a ledge and then the descent of a person will be impossible.

From all of the above, the conclusion suggests itself: the most effective way to save people from high-rise buildings and skyscrapers is nevertheless - an “individual means of salvation”, but devoid of the above disadvantages and designed to be used by a person who is in extreme danger, under stress and panic. This means of salvation itself should inspire confidence and reliability in a person, be easy to use and designed to be used by an untrained person who is in an extreme, extreme situation.

"Individual means of salvation" must satisfy the following requirements:

1. Must have a long service life (20 years or more).

2. To have small dimensions - the thickness in the form assembled for storage should not exceed 120 mm (brick thickness 120 mm),

3. Have a rigid frame, on which a person sits down and purely psychologically has a reliable support.

4. A person should be fixed to the “bracket” not standing on the edge of the window opening, but standing on a wide windowsill or table.

5. The “bracket” of the rescue equipment should move the person during the descent from the building’s facade to a safe distance from the walls and all the protrusions along the facade.

6. The “individual means of salvation” itself must be protected against unauthorized access.

7. The structural element of the descent - the tape (rope, rope, aircraft rope used in other structures) must have a low weight, the ability to withstand high temperatures and a long shelf life,

8. "Individual means of salvation" should be suitable for both the usual European and English type of opening the window sashes.

9. "Individual means of rescue" should perform its functions not only on static buildings and structures, but also in case of accidents on river and sea vessels during the evacuation of passengers and crew in boats, from helicopters and in other similar situations.

10. It should be as simple and cheap to manufacture.

11. The work of this “individual means of salvation” should be based on a person’s instinct for self-preservation.

12. The ability to install both in new and existing buildings and structures.

13. It should be invisible during storage and attract attention in an emergency.

The closest analogue of the claimed invention is an individual tow truck, known from RU 2326807 C2, class. А62В 1/10, 06/20/2008, which includes a housing with a drum placed in it, on which a cable is wound, which, if necessary, is unwound by rotation of the handles, while a person attached to the housing with a safety belt descends to the lower floors outside the building.

Known tow truck also has the same disadvantages as the above analogues.

The objective of the invention is to ensure reliability and ease of use.

The technical result is to increase the safety of descent and mobility.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the individual rescue tool contains a bracket in the form of a monorail made with the possibility of extending it beyond the plane of the facade and projections of the building, a drain device including a safety belt, a supporting rod with a stop plate on which folding folding shelves for seating are fixed, a clamp - a plate for holding a roll with a tape wound in parallel bays, stoppers with a spring for adjusting the speed of descent, while an earring is attached to the end of the tape for connecting I bleed device to the bracket.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 shows a General view of an individual means of rescue; figure 2 - outer wall with windows and a niche for storing drainage devices and a section aa; figure 3 - outer wall with a window and a niche for storing the drain device and a section 1-1; figure 4 - bracket for installation in the slab with emphasis; figure 5 - bracket for installation in a niche, section 2-2 and section 1-1; figure 6 - arrangement of a universal bracket and two drain devices; Fig.7 is a diagram of the location of the drain device, front view; on Fig - arrangement of the drain device, rear view.

An automatic fire extinguishing system triggers an electromagnetic lock on the ceiling, which throws a bright red ring, and a buzzer that attracts attention. A tag hangs on the ring - "Open the window", "Pull the ring." A person instinctively performs these actions and a “bracket” comes out of the ceiling, which, having passed through an open window opening, is automatically fixed. A person hears the whistle of another buzzer, and there a bright red ring is already sticking out of the wall. Pulling it for a man, opens the door and sees a descent tool in a niche with instructions: "Climb onto the window sill," "Cling to the bracket," "Sit on me," "Cling to me." Having performed these simple steps, a person instinctively checks whether this device will withstand it and tightens his legs while standing on the windowsill. That's it, the salvation process has started. On the "bracket" a person leaves the window opening beyond the plane of the facade. There is nothing underfoot. Hands grab hold of the handles that stick out in front because there is nothing more to grab. Instinctively, a person begins to cling to the device, leaning on the handles, and notices that the more he presses on the handles, the faster the descent, the tape between the legs begins to unwind. Reducing the pressure (arms tired) - the descent process slows down. Everything, a man instinctively learned to go down, panic passes, consciousness turns on. The man himself controls the descent, because under it is a hard base, he sees the life-saving tape unwinding, the wall of the building nearby, but does not touch it. There is a normal descent, a person calms down. Man saved himself (see figure 1).

The claimed technical solution - “individual means of rescue” is a device consisting of 3 main parts: “bracket”, “drain means” and “tape”.

"Bracket".

Consider the installation location of the "bracket".

In buildings and structures, the “bracket” should be located above the window, on the side of the window, on the loggia in the wall, on the balcony in the slab.

In brick buildings and structures during the construction process, reinforced concrete prefabricated lintels are installed above the window openings, and reinforced concrete prefabricated floor slabs are laid on them. To install the bracket in the ceiling, it is necessary either to install the embedded part (on the jumper, during the manufacturing process) (usual practice for the designer of the civil engineer), or (if the wall is not supporting or install the bracket in the existing building), a reinforced corner of 100 × can be installed in parallel with the jumpers one hundred. In the slab, in the process of its manufacture, a gutter with a embedded part is made (see figure 2, 2, 3). An arm with a stop is installed in this trench, and its supporting end is attached to the embedded part of the jumper or to the corner (see figure 4, item 23).

Window blocks in buildings and structures can mainly be divided into 2 types according to the method of opening the shutters:

Option 1 - the window sash opens in the frame to the entire height from the window sill to the upper window slope;

Option 2 - a deaf transom is inserted into the frame from above, and a sash opens from below. Or the English type of opening a window when there is a blind transom on top, and a sash rising up below.

The installation of the "bracket" in the slab is suitable for 1 option of opening the window (see figure 2), and the "bracket" installed in the niche of the wall is suitable for 1 option and 2 options (see figure 3). The “bracket” in version 2 is installed so that when the “bracket” exits into the window opening, it does not touch the top of the frame or the blind transom.

In 1 embodiment (see figure 4) - "bracket" is installed in the groove of the slab 2 (see figure 2). One end of the supporting L-shaped element 15 (see FIG. 4) of the “bracket” with a cross section of 20 × 60 mm is pivotally connected 22 (see FIG. 4) with the embedded part in the jumper 14 (see FIG. 4) or a reinforced corner. At the other end of the L-shaped element, a “bracket” of a square monorail pipe 16 is fixed (see FIG. 4) with a slot for the earring. The walls of the “bracket” reinforced, see section 1-1. The “bracket” is connected to the embedded part of the floor slab 21 (see FIG. 4) with a sliding stop 17 and 18 (see FIG. 4) of square pipes. All joints are hinged 19 and 20 (see figure 4). When twitching the ring 24 (see figure 4), the free end of the "bracket" begins to move downward in a semicircle and through the hinge puts forward an emphasis, consisting of two square pipes inserted one into the other. When the “bracket”, having described the semicircle, rises to its working position, the stop pipes snap into place, reliably fixing the “bracket”.

In option 2 (see FIG. 5), the “bracket” is installed in the wall niche (see FIG. 3). At the corner of the wall near the window slope, embedded parts 12 are installed (see Fig. 3). To them are mounted bushes with built-in sliding balls for fastening the supporting rod 27 (see Fig. 5). A L-shaped supporting element of the “bracket” with a section of 20 × 50 mm is welded to the round supporting rod with a diameter of 30 mm. A “bracket” of a square pipe 25 (see Fig. 5) with reinforced walls, with a slot for an earring (see section 2-2) is fixed to the other end of the carrier. The design of the "bracket" is such that when turning almost 270 ° in the bushings holding the supporting rod, the free end of the "bracket" out into the window opening.

"A means of descent."

Near the window, on the side of the handle for opening the sash of the window, in the masonry a niche is made with a thickness of 120 mm (pos.7 of Fig.2 and pos.7 of Fig.3) for drainage devices. This niche is closed by a sash-door made of chipboard (key 46 of Fig.6), drywall, plastic or other materials. In the process of finishing work, the bracket in the ceiling and the sash-door are closed so that nothing betrays their presence in the room.

"The trigger" is a supporting rod of a square pipe 60 × 30 mm, on which are attached:

a) folding shelves for the seat from a square pipe 30 × 30 mm, pos.27 (see Fig.7). Shelves are attached to the rod of the drain device with bolts. An emphasis plate 38 is welded from the bottom of the rod (see Fig. 7). When removing the "drain device" from the niche, the shelves themselves, under their own weight, are brought into operation, abutting against the stop plate 38 (see Fig. 8).

b) the clamp plate 34 (see Fig. 7) for holding the roll with the tape is made of sheet steel, is attached to the rod of the "drain device" in one place with a bolt 35 (see Fig. 7) so that when unwinding the roll with the tape wound the tape did not twist, did not jam. The width of the clamp plate depends on the thickness of the roll with tape, and it depends on the height of the floor. The freedom of movement of the clamp-plate is limited by a bolt 36 and a hole 41 (see Fig.7).

c) the tape is wound into a roll in several parallel rows, depending on the floor on which the "individual means of salvation" is installed. This roll is wound onto a pipe 39 (see FIG. 7) and inserted into a clamp plate. The free end of the tape is passed through the hole 40 (see Fig. 7) on the clamp plate and inside the square tube of the rod of the drain device through the hole 40 (see Fig. 7), is pulled through the stopper 43 (see Fig. 7) of the trigger adjustment knobs and is removed from the square pipe through the free upper end. An earring 30 is fixed to the end of the tape (see FIG. 6), with which the tape is connected through a slot in the bracket to the bracket itself.

g) in the upper part of the square pipe of the rod of the "drain device" are attached stopper 28 (see Fig.7) of square or round pipes to adjust the speed of the descent in the range from 0.4 m / s to 2.0 m / s, with tape stops 43 welded to them (see FIG. 7). The stopper handles are connected to the rod of the "release device" movably using loops 42 (see Fig. 7).

d) from the back side of the rod of the "drain device" through the holes, a spring of hardened round steel 32 is inserted (see Fig. 8), the free ends of which are inserted into the stopper 28 (see Fig. 7). The spring is fixed to the rod "drain device" plate 33 (see Fig.8).

f) to the bolts pos. 44 (see Fig. 8) a standard automobile seat belt is fastened, by which a person is securely attached to the device.

The design of the “bracket” and “drain device” allows them during storage (20 years or more): to occupy as little space as possible, not to deteriorate from storage, to be always on alert, to be protected from unauthorized access (the electric lock opens only when a fire alarm is triggered) .

The use of the "bracket" in the "individual means of salvation" allows you to move the descending person to a safe distance from the facade and its protruding parts.

The use of an elastic synthetic tape in an “individual rescue tool” with a thickness of 1.5 mm and a width of 20 mm allows you to reduce the weight of the entire device, wind the tape of the required length into parallel bays (the tape clamped into the clamp plate in the bays will not get mixed up and will not jam ) Existing tapes with a thickness of 15 mm and a width of 20 mm withstand a load of 2 tons and a temperature of up to 2000 degrees. If the maximum width of the clamp-plate is limited to 120 mm, then with a tape width of 20 mm we get 6 bays of 50 lm in each bay. Total 300 p.m., i.e. evacuation is possible from a building with a height of 100 floors. To increase the total length of the tape, you must either increase the number of meters in each bay, or the number of bays.

An “individual rescue tool” differs from its analogues in that the “bracket” reliably fastens the entire device to the building and moves the person away from the facade and its protrusions, the use of “tape” in the device allows it to be long with light weight and volume, and a “drain device” allows a descending person to have a rigid base under which he sits, independently adjust the speed of descent, seeing how the tape between his legs is unwound, which has a calming effect on a panicking person, because he himself controls the descent, he directs it.

From the moment the “launching device” starts operating, the tape unwound from the bay and leaving the supporting rod of the “drainage device” is always in a tense state, therefore, the wind loads have no effect on the descending person and the tape has nothing to catch and get tangled.

For a person who has just begun the descent, another person fastens himself to another "descent device", inserts the ribbon earring into the "bracket" and also begins the descent after the already descending person. The "launching device" is individual, and the "bracket" can be used by several people, which ensures the evacuation of all people from high-rise buildings and skyscrapers from any floor.

"Individual means of rescue" is intended to perform its functions not only on static high-rise buildings and structures, but also in accidents on river and sea ships during the evacuation of passengers and crew in boats, when the ship and boats swing on the waves and in other similar situations.

The explication to figure 2.

Option 1 - window sashes open to the full height of the window opening.

Designations:

1 - floor slabs in buildings and structures

2 - gutter in the floor slab for the bracket and stop

3 - embedded part for an emphasis of an arm

4 - embedded part in the supporting window jumper

5 - supporting window jumpers

6 - sash opening to the full height of the frame

7 - a niche with a depth of 120 mm for storage of drain devices

8 - window sill

9 - plaster 20-30 mm thick.

The explication to figure 3.

Option 2 - a) the window sashes open to the full height of the window opening;

b) a deaf transom is inserted on top of the frame, and a sash opening from below;

c) the English version of opening the window.

Designations:

1 - floor slabs in buildings and structures

5 - window jumpers

10 - blind window transom

11 - opening sash

8 - window sill

7 - a niche with a depth of 120 mm for the bracket and storage of drain devices

12 - embedded part 500-600 mm long

13 - place of installation of the bushings and the rod.

The explication to figure 4.

Bracket for installation in a floor slab with a stop.

Designations:

5 - reinforced concrete carrier jumper

14 - embedded part in the jumper

15 - L-shaped supporting element of the bracket with a cross section of 20 × 60 mm

16 - outlet profile of the bracket with a section of 40 × 75 mm

17 - square stop pipe with a cross section of 40 × 60 mm

18 - square tube stop with a cross section of 30 × 50 mm

19 - hinge connecting the bracket to the stop

20 - hinge connecting the emphasis with the embedded part

21 - embedded part in the floor slab

22 - hinge connecting the bracket to the embedded part of the jumper

23 - the supporting end of the L-shaped bearing element

24 - ring.

The explication to figure 5.

Bracket for installation in a niche.

Designations:

25 - outlet profile of the bracket with a section of 75 × 75 mm

26 - L-shaped supporting element of the bracket with a cross section of 20 × 50 mm

27 - supporting round rod with a diameter of 30 mm

28 - bushings holding the supporting rod

29 - ball for better glide

12 - double embedded part with a thickness of 10 mm (see figure 2)

30 - slot in the profile for the connecting element (connects the drain device with the bracket)

31 - end of the slot

32 - direction of movement of the bracket outlet from the niche.

The explication to Fig.6.

The layout of the universal bracket and two drain devices.

Scheme of the drain device.

Designations:

6 - window block

8 - window sill

7 - a niche with a depth of 120 mm for storing the bracket and drain devices

45 - electromagnetic door lock

46 - a door closing a niche

25 - a universal bracket built into a niche

26 - rod drain device from a square pipe 60 × 30 mm

27 - folding shelves for sitting from a square pipe 30 × 30 mm

28 - stopper knobs for adjusting the descent

29 - roll with a wound tape

30 - earring for connecting the drain device to the bracket

31 - tape 1.5 mm thick, 20 mm wide

32 - steel spring locking tape inserted through a square pipe into the handle-stopper

33 - plate for mounting the spring

34 - clamp plate for attaching a roll with a tape

35 - a bolt of fastening of a collar plate to a rod of the drain device

36 - stop bolt for walking the clamp plate relative to the rod of the drain device

37 - a bolt of fastening of folding shelves for sitting

38 - emphasis plate for hinged shelves.

The explication to Fig.7.

Scheme of the device of the drain device (front view).

Designations:

26 - rod drain device from a square pipe 60 × 30 mm

38 - plate - emphasis for hinged shelves

27 - folding shelves for the seat from a square pipe 30 × 30 mm

34 - clamp plate for attaching a roll with a tape

39 - pipe for winding tape

35 - a bolt of fastening of a collar plate to a rod of the drain device

36 - stop bolt for the clamp-plate relative to the rod of the drain device

40 - hole in the rod for the passage of tape

41 - hole in the rod for walking the clamp plate relative to the rod of the drain device

37 - bolts for fastening the hinged shelves for the seat

32 - ends of the steel spring locking tape

42 - stopper handle loops

43 - stopper holding the tape

28 - handles for adjusting the descent.

The explication to Fig. 8.

Scheme of the device of the drain device (rear view).

Designations:

26 - rod drain device from a square pipe 60 × 30 mm

32 - steel spring for trigger stop knobs

33 - plate for mounting the spring

38 - emphasis plate for hinged shelves

27 - folding shelves for the seat from a square pipe 30 × 30 mm

44 - bolts of fastening of a car seat belt.

Claims (1)

An individual rescue tool containing a monorail bracket made to extend it beyond the plane of the facade and projections of the building, a drain device including a safety belt, a supporting rod with a stop plate, on which folding shelves for seating are mounted, a clamp plate for holding the roll with a tape wound in parallel coils, stoppers with a spring for adjusting the speed of descent, while an earring is attached to the end of the tape to connect the drain device to the bracket.

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