RU2454386C1 - Method of producing fertiliser from lignocellulose material - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture. The method of producing fertiliser from lignocellulose material, which involves treatment of starting material by crushing with simultaneous exposure to heat and pressure of 3-50 MPa, wherein treatment is carried out in a mixer with shearing stress of 0.03-3 N/mm² at temperature 130-150°C in the presence of lime Ca(OH)₂, which is fed in amount of 2-10% of absolutely dry lignocellulose material and at least one layer in amount of 3-10% of absolutely lignocellulose material, with moisture content of the lignocellulose material not less than 20%, wherein the lignocellulose material used is bulrush and/or grass and/or straw and/or sawdust and/or peat.

EFFECT: invention enables to obtain organomineral fertiliser with different content of humic substances and widens the raw material base.

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Description

The present invention relates to agriculture and can be used to improve soil fertility.

It is known to use straw as a fertilizer (see Kurdyumov N.I. Mastery of fertility. - Rostov-on-Don: Vladis Publishing House, 2006. - 512 p., P. 185).

It is known to use straw as a fertilizer (see Kurdyumov N.I. Mastery of fertility. - Rostov-on-Don: Vladis Publishing House, 2006. - 512 p., Pp. 188-189).

The disadvantage of these fertilizers is their low quality.

A known method of preparing cellulose-containing raw materials for use, including processing the feedstock by grinding it with simultaneous heat and a pressure of 3-50 MPa, the treatment is carried out at a shear stress of 0.03-3 N / mm ² , temperature 180-260 ° C the presence of sulfuric acid at the rate of 3-5% by weight of dry matter (see USSR author's certificate No. 1410298, class A23K 1/12, 1985).

The disadvantage of this method is the low quality of the fertilizer.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed one is a method for the production of fertilizers from straw, including processing the feedstock by grinding it with simultaneous heat and a pressure of 3-50 MPa, while processing is carried out in a mixer at a shear stress of 0.03-3 N / mm ² , at a temperature of 130-150 ° C in the presence of lime Ca (OH) ₂ , introduced in an amount of 2-10% of absolutely dry matter of straw, and at least one salt in an amount of from 3 to 10% of absolutely dry matter straw, with a straw humidity of at least 20% (s m. RF patent No. 2400460, CL C05G 1/00, publ. 2010).

The disadvantage of this method is the inability to obtain organic fertilizers with different contents of humic substances, limited raw material base.

The aim of the present invention is to obtain organic fertilizers with different contents of humic substances, the expansion of the raw material base.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the production of fertilizers from lignocellulosic material, including processing the feedstock by grinding it with simultaneous heat exposure and a pressure of 3-50 MPa, the treatment is carried out in a mixer at a shear stress of 0.03-3 N / mm ² , at a temperature of 130-150 ° C in the presence of Ca (OH) ₂ lime, in the amount of 2-10% of the absolutely dry substance of lignocellulosic material, and at least one salt in the amount of 3 to 10% of absolutely dry substances of lignocellulosic material, pr and the humidity of the lignocellulosic material is not less than 20%, and / or reeds, and / or grass, and / or straw, and / or sawdust, and / or peat are used as lignocellulosic material.

Example 1. In a mixture of lignocellulosic materials taken in the following ratio:

reeds - 20%;

grass - 20%;

straw - 20%;

sawdust - 20%;

peat - 20%,

with a moisture content of at least 20%, lime Ca (OH) ₂ is introduced in an amount of 5% of the absolutely dry substance of the mixture of lignocellulosic materials and potassium chloride salt (KCl) in the amount of 5% of the absolutely dry substance of the mixture of lignocellulosic materials. After that, the mixture is continuously fed through a vibrating feeder into the loading hole, for example, of a twin-screw mixer. The created shear stress in the mixer is 1.5 N / mm ² , the temperature of 150 ° C can, for example, be maintained by electric heating of the mixer housing or in another way. The output is a high-quality product with one content of humic substances.

Example 2. In a mixture of lignocellulosic materials taken in the following ratio:

reeds - 10%;

grass -15%;

straw - 15%;

sawdust - 30%;

peat - 30%,

with a humidity of at least 20%, Ca (OH) ₂ lime is introduced in an amount of 7% of absolutely dry matter of a mixture of lignocellulosic materials and urea salt (NH ₂ ) ₂ CO, superphosphate (Ca (H ₂ PO ₄ ) ₂ ), calimag (KClMgCl ₂ ) and potassium carbonate (K ₂ CO ₃ ) in an amount of 9% of a completely dry substance of a mixture of lignocellulosic materials. After that, the mixture is continuously fed through a vibrating feeder into the loading hole, for example, of a twin-screw mixer. The created shear stress in the mixer is 2.0 N / mm ² , the temperature of 145 ° C can, for example, be maintained by electric heating of the mixer housing or in another way. The output is a high-quality product with a different content of humic substances.

Example 3. In lignocellulosic material

reeds

with a moisture content of at least 20%, lime Ca (OH) ₂ is introduced in an amount of 5% of the absolutely dry substance of the mixture of lignocellulosic materials and potassium chloride salt (KCl) in the amount of 5% of the absolutely dry substance of the mixture of lignocellulosic materials. After that, the mixture is continuously fed through a vibrating feeder into the loading hole, for example, of a twin-screw mixer. The created shear stress in the mixer is 1.5 N / mm ² , the temperature of 150 ° C can, for example, be maintained by electric heating of the mixer housing or in another way. The output is a high quality product with a third content of humic substances.

Example 4. In a mixture of lignocellulosic materials taken in the following ratio:

reeds - 50%;

grass - 50%;

with a moisture content of at least 20%, lime Ca (OH) ₂ is introduced in an amount of 5% of the absolutely dry substance of the mixture of lignocellulosic materials and potassium chloride salt (KCl) in the amount of 5% of the absolutely dry substance of the mixture of lignocellulosic materials. After that, the mixture is continuously fed through a vibrating feeder into the loading hole, for example, of a twin-screw mixer. The created shear stress in the mixer is 1.5 N / mm ² , the temperature of 150 ° C can, for example, be maintained by electric heating of the mixer housing or in another way. The output is a high-quality product with a fourth content of humic substances.

The ability to obtain organic fertilizers with different contents of humic substances, the expansion of the raw material base are the advantage and advantage of the proposed technical solution compared to the prototype.

The high quality of the fertilizer by increasing the speed of its processing by microflora is the advantage and advantage of the proposed technical solution in comparison with analogues.

Claims (1)

A method for the production of fertilizers from lignocellulosic material, including processing the feedstock by grinding it with simultaneous heat and a pressure of 3-50 MPa, the treatment being carried out in a mixer at a shear stress of 0.03-3 N / mm ² at a temperature of 130-150 ° C in the presence of lime Ca (OH) _.sub.2, administered in an amount of 2-10% of the absolutely dry matter of the lignocellulosic material and at least one salt in an amount of from 3 to 10% of the absolutely dry matter of the lignocellulosic material, the moisture content of the lignocellulosic mater ala at least 20%, characterized in that the lignocellulosic material is a reed and / or grass and / or straw and / or sawdust and / or peat.