RU2453110C2 - Micro-beeyard of petrov - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to beekeeping, in particular to equipment for keeping bees. Micro-beeyard consists of a housing inside which there are four division walls forming rectangular lower parts of hives. The outer walls of the housing of the base can be made double-layer with an intermediate heat insulator. In the center of the housing a central cavity with closing lid is formed. Each of the lower parts of the hives contains two bee-entrances, and a removable floor with a hole and a shutter is mounted. The upper parts of the hives are magazine racks closing by the roofs with ventilation opening. The magazine racks are located relative to each other with gaps, and honeycombs in them are parallel to the honeycombs in the lower part of the hive. There are more magazine racks in the lower part of the hives than in the upper part. The lower parts of the hives, which are not closed by magazine racks, are equipped with the intermediate lids. A thin-walled sub-lid rectangular in cross-section can be mounted on the base housing with the possibility of mounting honeycombs. The sub-lid with honeycombs can be covered with a common roof with ventilation slits.

EFFECT: improved micro-climate and increased level of survival of bee colonies during winter, as well as the ability to manage resources of brood nests and colonies.

10 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, and is intended for breeding and keeping bees, both in private apiaries of amateur beekeepers and in beekeeping farms.

A micropase, as a group artificial dwelling of bees, should be studied by the general theory of systems as a “system object” and it acts as an element of a higher order system (apiary or its subdivision), and its elements, at the same time, are lower order systems (bee family, nest of the bee family, honeycomb and cell-free packages of bees, layering, nucleus, bee swarm, etc.)

The methodological principle of the study of Micropaseca is to establish the laws of interaction of its individual parts in various combinations when implementing various beekeeping strategies. Components of Micropask can be represented as a combination of "resources".

The nest of the bee family (clause 28. GOST R 52001-2002, clause 4.2.82 of DSTU 2154-2003): honeycombs in the hive occupied by bees, brood and fodder.

Bee Family Nest Resources:

1. Honeycombs.

2. Food.

3. The brood is printed.

4. The brood is open.

5. Mother liquors (swarm and fistulous).

Reproductive potential of the nest of the bee family:

1. Mother liquors (swarm and fistulous);

2. An open brood, eggs and larvae of which can be used for laying queen cells.

Bee family (Clause 9. GOST R 52001-2002, Clause 4.2.40 DSTU 2154-2003).

A holistic biological unit, as a combination of several tens of thousands of working bees, a fetal queen bee, several hundreds of drones, which together provide all life functions.

Bee family resources:

1. Flight bees.

2. Young, non-flying bees.

3. Drones.

4. Fetal queen bee.

5. The infertile queen bee.

Reproductive resource of the bee family:

1. Fetal queen bee.

Reproductive potential of the bee family:

1. The infertile queen bee.

Drones of the bee family constitute the reproductive resource of the apiary, since they should not be such for their family.

The inventory resource of the Mikropaseki can be represented by a high-quality and complete set of its parts and details.

The design of the Mikropaseki allows combining the resources of bee nests and the families that make up its structure, i.e. implement the “Methodology of combining apiresources” (the prefix “api” to the terms of abstract concepts indicates that this term belongs to beekeeping).

Really problem-free in modern beekeeping practice are combinations that do not contain donor reproductive resources or potentials (the donor is a bee family giving bees and other vital products; the recipient is a bee family receiving bees and other vital products from other families).

Combinations of resources. including reproductive components of donors, as a rule, lead to the formation of unstable systems. The most likely consequences of such formations are their subsequent decay or catastrophic losses. In connection with the foregoing (but not fundamentally excluding the possibility of combinations of reproductive resources), the Micropaseka project uses combinations of donor resources that do not contain reproductive components - i.e. non-reproductive resources, of which the flight bees resource is the most difficult to migrate. This problem is solved using the natural effect of the memory effect of the location of the beehive of the hive of the native bee family in the spatial orientation and behavior of the flying bees.

A device of V. A. Petrovsky for multi-bee keeping is known, which includes a multi-section building with a roof and a base (RF Patent for invention No. 2081571, class A01K 47/00, publ. 1997.06.20). With a single-row arrangement of sections in the housing, the area of the outer walls is large and large heat losses occur. The very design of a multi-section building, when reaching a height of up to 2 meters, becomes unstable and inconvenient to maintain. Also, constructively, the position of expansion of the nesting space due to the “sub-nesting” space, which creates its additional volume, does not solve the problem of biological incompatibility of bee colonies even in the case of close kinship. Cohabitation with bee colonies creates an unnatural unstable biosystem with a rather high probability of decay with catastrophic consequences. Application of method B.A. Petrovsky in practical beekeeping is possible when solving the problem of apiseparatism of bee families, presumably, genetic engineering. The constructive implementation of the unifying idea of coexistence and joint production activities of the entire cohabiting community of the bee family based on the acquisition of a common smell through the numerous lattice openings in the walls of the hives overly complicates the device, which is an exclusive project.

The closest analogue of this invention, adopted as a prototype, is a sectional-tiered, panel-hull, three-dimensionally expandable, frame and cassette device for breeding and keeping honey bees (RF Patent for the invention No. 2186490, class A01K 47/00, publ. 2002.08 .10) containing a bottom on which several hives are located, on each of which roofs are installed.

The disadvantages of this invention are that the design of the device during transformation into a single-family dwelling is disassembled into elements, which leads to high labor costs and wear of structural elements, in addition, the tight contact of the sectional buildings makes it difficult to maintain hives.

The basis of the invention is the task of creating a bee dwelling, the design of which would make it possible to manage the resources of bee nests and the families that make up them, improve the microclimate of the bee dwelling and increase the survival rate of bee colonies during wintering at the point, as well as simplify technological operations and reduce labor costs when keeping bees and producing beekeeping products.

The task is solved in that in the known device containing the bottom, on which there are several hives with honeycombs, on each of which a roof is installed, according to the invention, a rectangular base case is installed on the bottom, in each of the outer walls of which there is an opening with an external shutter and two notches each - the main and the side, and four partitions are installed inside the base case, which, in conjunction with the outer walls of the base case, form four lower sections rectangular in cross section lions, two of the walls of which are the walls of the base, on one of which is the main notch, and on the other is the side, and the other two are partitions, and each partition in the adjacent lower parts of the hives is a long inner side for one of the lower parts of the hive and for the other lower part adjacent to it - the short inner side, and the long inner sides of each lower part of the hives in the center of the base case, a square central section is formed in the section, closed by a lid, also in the case In addition, a removable floor in each of the lower parts of the hives, on the side of the main entrance, is made with a ramp, and in the partitions below the level of the removable floor, are made openings are closed by shutters, and the upper parts of the hives are shop sections rectangular in cross section, closed by roofs with ventilation openings located on the same axis as the main slots on the base case, while the shop settings become relative to each other with gaps in the cell and they are arranged in parallel to cells at the bottom of the hive, located in the housing base, where the number exceeds the number of cells in the shopping nastavke hives and lower parts not covered nastavkami shop are provided with intermediate lids.

Also, the outer walls of the base body can be made double-layer with an intermediate heat insulator.

In addition, grooves are made along the perimeter at the bottom of the store extensions.

Also, two mutually perpendicular metal gutters are installed in the grooves of adjacent store extensions.

In addition, 12 honeycombs can be installed in the lower part of the hive, and 8 honeycombs in the store extension, and honeycombs can be made in the size of 285 × 230 mm.

In addition, on the body of the base can be installed under the hood, made in the form of a thin-walled rectangular prism.

Also, racks for attaching honeycombs can be installed on the roof arm.

In addition, a common roof with ventilation slots that can be closed, made on the same axis as the main slots on the base body, can be installed on the roof cover.

Also, the bottom can be equipped with a lifting device.

The proposed design of the Petrov micropasei, where the lower part of each hive is adjacent to the other two, allows to reduce the area of the outer walls, thereby reducing heat loss in the hives by up to 50%. An additional reduction in heat loss can be achieved by performing the walls of the lower case with two layers with an intermediate heat insulator. The installation of store extensions on the lower parts of the hives with gaps simplifies, in comparison with the prototype, the performance of technological operations, provides the ability to service hives in full. The design of the removable floor with the ramp, as well as the implementation of openings with dampers in the partitions and the removable floor, allows controlling the flow of flying bees. In addition, it is possible to manage the resources of bee nests and families by transforming the micro-reserve into a single-family hive, in which the base building will fulfill the purpose of the lower part of the hive, and the nest volume will increase due to the installation of roof covers with honeycombs, as store settings.

The essence of the proposed design of the Petrov micropase is illustrated in the drawings.

Figure 1 - the main design diagram of the Petrov micro-sowing, Figure 2 - construction diagram of the micro-sowing with a common roof and roof, Figure 3 - section AA in Figure 1, the flight pattern of bees, Figure 4 - section AA of FIG. 1, a bee flow control scheme.

Petrov’s micro-reserve, contains a bottom 1, which can be equipped with rigging 2. On the bottom 1 is fixed a base 3, on each of the outer walls of which there is a main notch 4 and a side notch 5. In the lower part of the base 3, the bases are made on each of its outer walls external dampers 6. Inside the base housing 3, four partitions 7 are installed so that they, in conjunction with the walls of the base housing 3, form the four lower parts 8 of the hives, and in the center of the base housing 3 a square central cavity 9 in section. from the lower parts of the 8 hives, parallel to the bottom 1 at the level of the main notch 4, a removable floor 10 of the hive is laid (Fig. 3, Fig. 4). Holes 11 are made in the removable floor 10 of the beehive 11 with shutters 12. And in each of the partitions 7 between the removable floor 10 of the beehive and the bottom 1, holes 13 with shutters 14 are also made. The removable floor 10 of the beehive is made with a ramp 15 located on the side of the main notch 4. On each lower part of the 8 hives installed with a gap (rectangular between them), rectangular in section, smaller than the lower parts of the 8 hives, store guides 16. The store guides 16 are closed from above by roofs 17 with closing ventilation openings 18 located on the same axis as in a distinctive groove 4. In addition, grooves 19 are made along the perimeter of each store extension 16 in their lower part, in which there are two metal grooves 20 arranged mutually perpendicularly for rainwater drainage. Open, after the installation of store extensions 16, the lower parts of the 8 hives are closed by intermediate roofs 21. The Central cavity 9 is also closed by a lid 22.

On the housing of the base 3 can be installed under the hood 23, which is a rectangular prism. Laths 24 can be fixed in the roof arm 23, and a common roof 25 can be laid on top of the roof arm 23 with ventilating slots 26 made on the same axis as the main notch 4. Honeycombs 27 are installed in the lower parts of the 8 hives, store shelves 16. Honeycombs 27 also can be installed in the wing 23 on the rails 24. Honeycombs 27 can be made in the size of 285 × 230 mm With such a frame size, the number of cells 27 in the lower part 8 of the hive and the store extension 16 is twelve and eight, respectively. This design of the hive is proposed to be called the “Sands-2008 model”.

The functioning of Petrov Petrov is as follows.

With autoresource technology (an autoresource bee family is a bee family in the process of which donor resources are used. Autoresource production technologies include keeping bees and producing products using own resources of bee colonies and their nests, without involving donors) beekeeping on the lower parts of 8 hives located in the base case 3, store extensions 16 are installed so that the honeycombs 27 in the lower part 8 of the hives and in the store extensions 16 are arranged in parallel. Shop extensions 16 and the open lower parts 8 of the hives are closed by roofs 17 and intermediate roofs 19, respectively. The central cavity 9 is also closed by a lid 20. The central cavity 9 can be used in the summer to place drinkers with liquid feed in it, and in the winter to preserve the reserve uterus in the nucleus. At the same time, the hive’s removable floor 10 is installed so that the bees through the main entrance 4 along the ramp 15 without obstacles penetrate the lower parts of the 8 hives and store settings 16. An extremum of operational and production indicators is expected to be expected when the honeycomb 27 has a size of 285 × 230 mm in the amount of twelve units, and in the store extension 16 - eight units ("Paseki 2008 model").

If it is necessary to carry out operations of migration of flying bees to a neighboring family, it is necessary to open the external shutters 6 in the walls of the base body 3 and, having access to the removable floor 10 of the hive, turn it 180 °, thereby terminating the access of flying bees to their nest. This technique directs the flow of flying bees into the underground space (shown by arrows in figure 4). Through the openings 13 in the partitions 7 and the open shutters 12 of the openings 11 in the floor 10, the donor bees “ask” for the hives of the recipients. At the same time, bee families of donors can use a side letka 5. Known measures are applied to them, as they have lost the resource of flight bees: water supply, etc. Thus, the migration of resources of flight bees in various combinations from options that in practical beekeeping are called “ dual-uterine technologies ”, before the collectivization of the resources of four or even eight families.

The volume of the hive of the recipient's family is expanded in two ways:

- building up the “skyscraper” of store extensions 16, which has a limit to the structural stability and technological capabilities to carry out these works;

- by transforming the Mikropaseka into a single-family bee house by increasing the volume of the hive of the recipient bee family using the roof cover 23, in which the rails 24 with the honeycombs 27 are mounted on them. The volume of the roof cover 23, which in this case is used as a “supermarket”, can be up to 50 combs of Dadan Blatt. It is possible to build in height up to five axles 23 with honeycombs 27.

It is possible to use the Petrov micro-reserve in three variants of climatic conditions:

- in a "warm climate" - the building 3 bases and store extensions 16 do not have additional thermal protection;

- in a "temperate climate" - in the winter, store shelves 16 are closed with a hood 23, which rests on the base case 3. In addition, store extensions 16 are additionally covered by a common roof 25;

- in a "cold climate" - Petrov’s micropaseka is made with two-layer walls of the base 3, store shelves 16 are covered with a roof cover 23, which rests on the base 3 and the general roof 25 is laid on top of it.

The convenience of conducting beekeeping operations with store extensions 16 provide grooves 19, facilitating the manipulation of the beekeeper.

When using technical means of mechanization to perform labor-intensive processes on farm beekeeping farms, installation of the rigging 1 on the bottom 1 is used.

Thus, the proposed design of Petrov Petrov solves all assigned tasks

Claims (10)

A micropaque containing a bottom, on which several hives with honeycombs are located, on each of which a roof is installed, characterized in that a base case, rectangular in cross section, is installed on the bottom, in each of the outer walls of which there is a hole with an external shutter and two slots, the main and side walls, and inside the base case four partitions are installed, which, in conjunction with the outer walls of the base case, form four lower sections of the hives, rectangular in cross section, two of the walls of which are walls of the building there are bases, on one of which the main notch is located, and on the other - the side, and the other two - partitions, each partition in the adjacent lower parts of the hives is for one of the lower parts of the hive a long inner side, and for the other adjacent lower part - with a short inner side and long inner sides of each lower part of the hives in the center of the base case, a square central section is formed, closed by a lid, also in the base case parallel to the bottom in each of the lower parts of the street A removable floor with a hole and a damper is installed, in addition, a removable floor in each of the lower parts of the hives on the side of the main entrance is made with a ramp, and in the partitions below the level of the removable floor, openings are made by shutters, and the upper parts of the hives are rectangular in section roof-mounted extensions with ventilation holes located on the same axis as the main slots on the base case, while the store-mounted extensions are installed relative to each other with gaps and honeycombs in they are located parallel to the honeycombs in the lower part of the hive, located in the base case, where their number exceeds the number of honeycombs in the store extension, and the lower parts of the hives, not covered by store extensions, are provided with intermediate roofs. 2. The micropase according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer walls of the base body can be double-layer with an intermediate heat insulator. 3. The micropase according to claim 1, characterized in that grooves are made along the perimeter in the lower part of the store extensions. 4. The micropase according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that two mutually perpendicular metal gutters are installed in the grooves of the adjacent store extensions. 5. The micropaseka according to claim 1, characterized in that 12 hundred cells are installed in the lower part of the hive, and 8 hundred in the store extension. 6. The micropase according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that the honeycomb can be made in the size of 285 × 230 mm 7. The micropase according to claim 1, characterized in that on the housing of the base can be installed a roof liner made in the form of a thin-walled rectangular prism. 8. The micropase according to claim 1 or 7, characterized in that racks for attaching honeycombs can be installed on the roof liner. 9. A micropaseka according to one of claims 1, 7, 8, characterized in that a common roof with ventilation slots that are closed and made on the same axis as the main slots on the base body can be installed on the roof liner. 10. The micropase according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom can be equipped with rigging devices.

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