RU2453101C1 - Method of determining grain losses behind harvester - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method of determining loss of grain includes the measurement of width of the header capture, sampling of grain-straw mass with subsequent mathematical processing. The first sample of cut plants is taken from the area of the field in the form of a rectangle. The width of the rectangle is equal to the width of the rug placed on the entire cut area. The length of the rectangle is equal to the length of the rug close to the constructive width of the header capture. The rug is placed with its long side perpendicular to the direction of the combine. The first sample is threshed by hand and the mass of grain G_a is determined. The second sample is taken from the rug and the loss of grain is calculated behind the grinder G_g by multiplying the mass of grains of the second sample m₂ by the ratio of length of the rug l_r to the actual widths of the header capture b_a after the passage of the harvester. The loss of grain is determined by the formula

where L - is the loss of grain, G_g=m₂l_r/b_a - is estimated weight of grain behind the grinder, G_a - is the grain weight of sample cut from the field.

EFFECT: invention can be used to assess the quality of work of the grain harvester.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used to assess the quality of the combine harvester.

There is a method of determining grain loss behind a combine harvester using a nomogram consisting of three quadrants [1].

The disadvantages of the method are its high complexity in conducting research on the agricultural background, as well as the lack of the ability to take into account the variety and range of factors, which leads to an increase in error.

Also known is a method for determining grain loss behind a combine harvester from under-hammering and non-shaking using samples taken from a roll left by the combine [2].

The method uses two mathematical expressions consisting of several variables. To determine the value of the latter, it is necessary to conduct research on the agricultural background.

The disadvantages of this method are its high complexity and duration.

A known method of determining grain loss behind the combine, including sampling of grain-straw mass, grain separation and subsequent mathematical processing [3]. However, to implement this method requires an additional device to the combine.

There is a method of determining grain losses behind a combine (taken as a prototype), including sampling of grain-straw mass, grain separation, followed by mathematical processing, and one of the samples is taken from under the combine grinder at a path length of 1 m, the second sample is taken from the field 1 m ² , cutting the sheaf, and measure the width of the header, then spikelets are cut from the sheaf, threshed manually and determine the weight of the grain, and grain is extracted from the sample from the grinder and its weight is determined, after which the grain loss is determined by the formula:

where P is the loss of grain;

Z _and - the mass of grain from under the grinder;

Z _a - the mass of grain from a sheaf cut from 1 m ² field;

B is the actual width of the header [4].

The disadvantage of this method is that with this method, the actual grain loss and estimated significantly differ. In addition, this method has a high complexity and duration of determining the mass of grain from under the chopper of the combine.

The purpose of the invention is improving accuracy, reducing the complexity and duration of the process of determining mechanical losses of grain from milling and non-shaking during acceptance control of the quality of work of a combine harvester equipped with a grinder.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the known method for determining grain loss behind a combine, including sampling of grain-straw mass, isolating grain, followed by mathematical processing, the first sample is taken from the field, cutting plants in a section having the shape of a rectangle, the length of which is equal to the length of the mat, close the structural width of the header, the width - the width of the mat, laid on the entire cut area, the long side perpendicular to the direction of movement of the combine, grind the sample manually and op edelyayut grain weight W _a, the second sample is taken from the mat and the grain loss is calculated for the grinder _{G, and} B by multiplying the mass of grain second sample m ₂ by the ratio of length l _{to the} mat to the actual working width b _f header after a harvester and determined grain loss by the formula

where P is the loss of grain;

Z _and = m ₂ l _k / b _f - mass of grain from under the grinder;

Z _a - the mass of grain from a sheaf cut from the field.

Figure 1 shows a diagram of the sweeping of plants on a plot of the field and laying a rubber mat on it.

Figure 2 shows the passage of the combine harvester, when the actual width of the header of the header b _f does not differ from the length of the mat l _to .

Figure 3 shows the passage diagram of the combine harvester, when the actual width of the header of the header b _f differs from the length of the mat l _to the smaller side.

Figure 4 shows the passage of the combine harvester, when the actual width of the header of the header b _f differs from the length of the mat l _to the big side.

The method is as follows.

First, they take a rubber mat of the original design with a length l _to close to the constructive width of the header of the combine and a width of 0.5-1.5 m. Before passing through the combine 1 (see Fig. 1), a square-shaped swath is made in an uncleared section of field 2 with dimensions of the selected rubber mat. Moreover, the swath is performed perpendicular to the estimated direction of movement of the combine. Then, from all ears cut plants grain is threshed by hand and determine their mass _REMARK. Get the mass of grain of the first registration sample. In place of the swath deposited rubber mat 3. After passage of the harvester 1 on the obtained actual measured stubble 4 header widths b _f. The second sample is taken from the grain-straw mass from the mat 3, the grain is isolated and its mass m _{2 is} determined.

Due to the fact that a combine harvester of the same brand can be equipped with headers with different working widths, or after passing through the combine, the working width of a header will not be fully used, there are three options for assessing grain losses.

First option. The actual width of the grip of the header b _f does not differ from the length of the mat l _to (see figure 2). With this option, the ratio of the length of the mat l _to the actual width of the header b _f after the passage of the combine 1 is equal to one and, accordingly, the grain loss behind the chopper 3 _and equal to the grain mass of the second sample m ₂ .

The second option. The actual width of the grip of the header b _f differs from the length of the mat l _to (figure 3) in a smaller direction. With this option, the ratio of the length of the mat l _to the actual width of the header b _f after the passage of the combine 1 is more than one and, accordingly, the estimated value of the grain loss behind the chopper 3 _and will be more than the mass of the second sample m ₂ .

The third option. The actual width of the grip heder b _f differs from the length of the mat l _to (figure 4) in a larger direction. With this option, the ratio of the length of the mat l _to the actual width of the header b _f after the passage of the combine 1 is less than unity and, accordingly, the estimated value of the grain loss behind the chopper 3 _and will be less than the grain mass of the second sample m ₂ .

The obtained calculated data is substituted into the above formula and losses are calculated.

The proposed method is feasible with low labor costs, simple and can be performed using a ruler and weights. The time of one measurement is reduced, while the error in assessing grain losses does not exceed 0.5%.

Information sources

1. Tabashnikov A.T. Optimization of grain and forage crops / A.T. Tabashnikov. - M .: Agropromizdat, 1985 .-- 159 p.

2. Technological adjustment of machines and the quality of mechanized work / VNIITEIagroprom; K.S. Ormanji [et al.]. - M. 1989. - 57 p.

3. A.S. 906435 USSR, MKI ³ A01D 75/00, MKI ³ A01D 41/12. A device for determining grain loss by a combine harvester / V.N. Gyagcheva. - No. 2910272 / 30-15; declared 04/11/80; publ. 02.28.82, Bull. Number 7. - 2 p.: Ill.

4. Pat. 2290779 Russian Federation, MKI A01D 41/127, MKI A01D 75/00. A method for determining grain losses behind a combine. / Khismatov V.A .; applicant and patent holder North Caucasus Research Institute of Mountain and Piedmont Agriculture - No. 2005119243/12; declared 06/21/05; publ. 01/10/07, Bull. No. 1. - 4 p.

Claims (1)

A method for determining grain losses behind a combine harvester, including sampling of grain-straw mass, measuring the header width, separating grain from samples with subsequent mathematical processing, characterized in that the first sample is taken from the field, cutting plants in a section having the shape of a rectangle whose length is equal to the length mat close to the structural width of the header, width - the width of the mat, laid on the entire cut area, located with the long side perpendicular to the direction of movement of the combine, grind samples manually and the weight of the grain W _a, a second sample is taken from the mat and the calculated weight of grain per chopper W _and by multiplying the mass of grain second sample m ₂ by the ratio of the length of mat l _to to the actual working width of the header b _f after passage of the combine and determining the grain losses on the formula

where P is the loss of grain;
Z _and = m ₂ l _to / b _f - the estimated mass of grain behind the grinder;
Z _a - the mass of the grain of the sample cut from the field.

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