RU2536905C1 - Method of determining grain loss by grain combine harvester - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method comprises the summation of grain loss, isolated from samples in two bounded sites. The first sample is taken from the grain-straw mass from the site on the surface of the mat laid before the passage of the combine. The second sample is taken from the uncut spikelets of the stubble part. The length of the mat and the width of the stubble part correspond to the operating width of the combine header and the length of the stubble part is equal to the width of the mat.

EFFECT: increase in accuracy and decrease in labour intensity of determining the mechanical losses of grain by the grain combine harvester.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used to assess the quality of the combine harvester.

A known method using universal nomograms for determining grain losses behind harvesting machines (see, for example, the book - Optimization of harvesting of grain and fodder crops / A.T. Tabashnikov - M .: Agropromizdat 1985, - 159 s: ill. - P.88 -89, Fig. 9).

The disadvantage of this method is the high complexity of determining the source information, as well as the inability to take into account fluctuations in cleaning conditions, which leads to an increase in error.

Also known are methods of agrotechnical evaluation of a combine harvester and its working bodies during laboratory and field trials (GOST 28301-2007. Combine harvesters. Test methods. - Introduction. 2009.10.15. - M.: Publishing house Standardinform, 2010. - 36 p.) .

The method uses mathematical expressions consisting of several variables.

The disadvantage of these methods is the high complexity and duration of determining the source information.

A known method of determining grain loss behind the combine (RU, patent No. 2453101, IPC A01D 41/127, A01D 75/00. A method for determining grain loss behind the combine / A.I. Ryadnov, S.V. Tronev, I.P. Skvortsov, A.P. Stenkova, Application No. 201111320/13, filed January 13, 2011, published on June 20, 2012, Bulletin No. 17), including sampling of grain-straw mass, measuring the width of the header, grain separation from the samples, followed by mathematical processing, the first sample is taken from the field, cutting plants in a rectangle-shaped section whose length is equal to the length of the mat, close to the structural width header capture, width - the width of the mat, laid on the entire cut area, located with the long side perpendicular to the direction of movement of the combine, grind the sample manually and determine the weight of grain Z _a , take the second sample from the mat and calculate the grain loss behind the grinder Z _and by multiplying the grain mass of the second sample m ₂ on the ratio of the length of the mat l _to the actual width of the header b _f after the passage of the combine, and determine the grain loss by the formula

where P is the loss of grain;

Z _and = m ₂ l _to / b _f - the estimated mass of grain behind the grinder;

Z _a - the mass of grain from the sample cut from the field.

The disadvantage of this method is that with this method of determining grain losses by the combine, losses behind the combine header in uncut ears are not taken into account.

A known method of determining grain loss by a combine harvester (taken as a prototype) by counting the lost grain in a limited area, under the bottom of the header for the entire width of its capture set limiter shield, which is reset to the stubble at the counting pass of the combine with subsequent separate counting of grain on the shield and under it (SU, copyright certificate No. 548231. M.cl. A01D 75/00. Method for determining grain losses by a combine harvester / I.G. Nasypayko, AM Baronov, V.P. Ovcharenko (USSR). - Application No. 2197708/15, stated 12/08/1975; publ. 02/28/1977, BU . № 8).

However, to implement this method requires a shield with electromagnets to the combine.

The purpose of the invention is improving accuracy, reducing the complexity and cost of the process of determining the mechanical loss of grain during acceptance control of the quality of the combine harvester.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the known method for determining grain loss by a combine harvester, comprising summing the loss of grain extracted from samples in limited areas, according to the invention, the grain losses in two areas are summarized, the first sample being taken from the grain-straw mass from the area on the surface of the mat laid before the passage of the combine, and the second sample is taken from the uncut spikelets of the stubble section, while the length of the mat and the width of the stubble section correspond to the width of the header of the combine, and the length The stubble is equal to the width of the mat.

In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of plant sweeping on a field site and laying a rubber mat on it.

In FIG. 2 shows a layout diagram of a stubble section for sampling uncut ears.

The method is as follows.

First, they take a rubber mat of the original design, with a length l _to close to the constructive width of the header of the combine, and a width b _to = 0.5 ... 1.0 m. Before the passage of the combine 1 (see figure 1.) on an uncleaned area of field 2 make a swath of rectangular shape with the dimensions of the selected rubber mat. Moreover, the swath is performed perpendicular to the estimated direction of movement of the combine. A rubber mat 3 is laid in place of the swath. After passing the combine 1 on the resulting stub 4, limit section 5 (by applying a frame) with a length l _y equal to the working width of the header b _f and a width b _y equal to the width of the rug b _to .

The first sample is taken from the grain-straw mass from the mat 3, the lost grains are isolated. The second sample is taken from cut spikelets from section 5, the lost grains are isolated. The collected losses summarize and determine the total grain loss. Then, knowing the yield of the field, calculate the percentage of losses for the combine harvester.

The proposed method is feasible with low labor costs, and the error is reduced when assessing grain losses by a combine harvester.

Claims (1)

A method for determining grain loss by a combine harvester, comprising summing the loss of grain extracted from samples in limited areas, characterized in that the loss of grain is summarized in two areas, the first sample being taken from the grain-straw mass from the area on the surface of the mat laid before the combine passage, and the second the sample is taken from the uncut spikelets of the stubble plot, while the length of the mat and the width of the stubble plot correspond to the width of the header of the combine, and the length of the stubble plot is equal to the width of the mat.

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