RU2451618C2 - Ship hull - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to ship building, particularly, to ship hull with double steel plating of side medium section for transportation of cargoes harmful for environments at required large deck opening and with clean ballast accommodated in side and bottom spaces. Ship hull has sides, bottom, deck, lengthwise and crosswise bulkheads and constant-cross-section part arranged between bowl and stern. Bottom and bulkhead are provided with double plating at said part made up of interconnected sheets with cylindrical curvature welded together. Said double plating of bottom, sides and lengthwise bulkhead consists of one line of panels with cylindrical curvature and circular arc-shaped cross-section, arc length making over 180°. Note here that lengthwise edges of one panel are welded along generatrix to bulged side of adjoining panels.

EFFECT: simplified ship building, lower labor input, costs, and time savings.

8 cl, 9 dwg

Description

The invention relates to shipbuilding, in particular to the design of double hulls of vessels - vessels with double steel lining. Double cladding is used on transport vessels transporting goods hazardous to the environment (oil tankers, gas carriers, chemical carriers), as well as on transport vessels requiring large deck openings (bulk cargo vessels, container ships and others). The double-sided and double bottom spaces of these vessels are mainly used for placement of clean ballast.

The ability of pre-curved shell sheets to provide increased stability under load compared to flat sheets is well known. A number of patented designs of the double hull of ships are also known, in the lining of which pre-curved sheets with an axis of cylindrical curvature parallel to the long edges are used. US Patent No. 5085161, “Vessel hull and construction method”, published on 02/04/1992, discloses a ship hull in which steel cylindrical shells are used for double (outer and inner) sheathing of the middle part hull, having along its length the same cross sections, and the bow and stern ends have the usual design with a single skin. The middle part of the hull with a constant cross-section, for example, a tanker includes:

- the outer and inner cladding (the outer and inner shells) of two rows of sheets preliminarily curved with a relatively small cylindrical curvature located at a distance from each other in the transverse direction, usually not more than 2 m (the cross-sectional characteristics of these sheets are not defined in the patent );

- side and bottom stringers made of flat sheets supported by transverse stiffeners (the width of the stringers is determined by the width of the double-sided or double bottom space, and their longitudinal edges are welded into the longitudinal joints of the curved panels of the outer and inner shell panels, which requires a welded T-joint at the same time three of these three structural elements);

- a tunnel keel of a box-like construction of flat sheets supported by stiffeners used for laying ballast pipelines;

- a deck, which can be of a conventional design with a sheathing of flat sheets or the same sheets with a cylindrical curvature that are used in the rest of the middle part of the hull, supported by carlings, can be used in it;

- box-shaped corner joints of the deck and double sides, in which a design using curved sheets can also be used, similar to that used for the cheekbone;

- transverse bulkheads welded along their contour to the sheathing of the inner body.

The features of the transverse bulkheads used in the hull structure, as well as longitudinal bulkheads, are not reported in this patent.

The claimed advantages of this design compared to the usual one, in which flat sheets are used for cladding, supported by a cross longitudinal and transverse set, include:

- increased resistance of the curved sheathing sheets to external load reduces the need for local reinforcement of the sheathing and, using the principles of this invention fully, eliminates longitudinal stiffeners, transverse set and other transverse reinforcements, except transverse bulkheads, over the entire length of the cylindrical part of the body, which is about 75% of the length a ship;

- significantly reduced the range of structural elements in the part of the hull having a constant cross-section, including elements from expensive profile hire, which reduces the complexity of preparatory, assembly and finishing operations and in general the cost and time of building the hull;

- the design of the double body can be implemented with less welding and cutting steel;

- the lack of transverse dialing in the cylindrical middle part of the hull allows automatic welding to be used to a greater extent, facilitates the cleaning and painting of surfaces, and also eliminates the main cause of damage to the inner hull when the ship lands on the ground;

- the proposed design provides a higher degree of standardization of the assembly elements (sections and modules) from which the body is formed;

- the use of the claimed design allows to reduce the consumption of steel for the construction of a double hull by 5-10% compared with a conventional design.

Also known US patent No. 5086723 dated 02.11.1992, the "Design of a double-hulled vessel construction having a double-hulled vessel construction having double-walled longitudinal bulkhead"), in which when using technical solutions for the above US patent No. 5085161 the use of steel cylindrical shells in the construction of the double hull is expanded - they are also used for longitudinal bulkheads, provided mainly on tankers to ensure their stability, separation of various liquid cargoes and to increase the longitudinal strength ty corps. The cross-sectional characteristics used for double sheathing of the sides, bottom and longitudinal bulkhead of sheets with cylindrical curvature, as in the previously mentioned as an analogue of US patent No. 5085161, in US patent No. 5086723 not quantified. The design of the longitudinal bulkhead according to this patent, located in the diametrical plane of the hull, is made essentially similar to the side structure: its double sheathing is also connected by stringers from flat sheets supported by stiffeners, while the longitudinal edges of the stringers are welded into the longitudinal joints of adjacent curved sheets of the bulkhead sheathing and are connected with them a T-shaped weld. The space between the two curvilinear longitudinal bulkhead linings is used to accommodate transported oil, ship wastewater or ballast water. The advantages of such double longitudinal bulkheads include the better use of the space occupied by the bulkhead together with its reinforcing set, fewer structural elements and, accordingly, less labor and manufacturing costs.

It is assumed that the use of technical solutions according to US patent No. 5086723, adopted in the present invention as a prototype, will allow the construction of vessels such as tankers with a deadweight of 70,000 to 300,000 tons. The claimed advantages of the double hull structure of the vessels of this patent are quite significant in relation to known designs double hulls of ships with a flat skin, supported by a set, in which traditional design solutions are used, used on ships with a single skin, including on ships with two bottom. However, in the design of the prototype, some approaches are used that are used to create double housings with flat skin, which do not allow the full use of the positive properties of the skin of the shell structure. For example, an approach is maintained in which the formation of a double hull and double-sided, double bottom and inside bulkhead spaces is ensured through the use of a fairly wide range of structural elements - two separate rows of sheathing panels from curved sheets and stringers from flat sheets supported by stiffeners, which requires a significant number of technological operations, equipment and devices for their manufacture and subsequent assembly into assembly sections and modules. Accordingly, the possibility of further reducing the complexity, time and cost of building a double hull of the vessel is limited.

The objective of the present invention is to reduce the range of used structural elements, the complexity, time and cost of building a double hull with a sheath of pre-curved steel sheets.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the middle part of the hull with a constant cross section:

- double sheathing of the sides, bottom and longitudinal bulkhead in the cross section of the hull is formed of one row of panels consisting of sheets with a cylindrical curvature and having a circular cross section in the shape of a circular arc longer than 180 °, while the longitudinal edges of some panels are welded along the generatrix to the convex side adjacent panels;

- the deck deck of the vessel is made of flat sheets or of panels consisting of sheets with a cylindrical curvature and having a cross-section in the form of a circular arc with a length of less than 180 °;

- transverse bulkheads of the vessel, located within the hull with double skin, are welded along their outer contour to the outer side of one row of side and bottom panels, facing the inside of the hull, consisting of sheets with cylindrical curvature and having a circular cross section in cross-section in the form of a length of more than 180 ° and, in the area of the diametrical plane, are welded to the outer sides of one row of similar longitudinal panels;

- the upper panels of the right and left sides and the longitudinal bulkhead, consisting of sheets with a cylindrical curvature and having a cross-sectional shape of a circular arc longer than 180 °, are welded to the deck, and the lower of the indicated panels of the right and left sides and the longitudinal bulkhead are welded to bottom;

- part of the housing with a constant cross-section, depending on the distance between the transverse bulkheads, is provided with transverse reinforcements to ensure strength, including:

- frame flora and frame frames formed by brackets installed in the same transverse plane inside the side, bottom and bulkhead panels, consisting of sheets with cylindrical curvature and having in the cross section the shape of a circular arc longer than 180 °, and welded to them;

- knits installed in the area of the joints of the side, bottom, deck and longitudinal bulkhead and welded to adjacent structures at the installation site;

- a part of the hull with a constant cross-section is formed of the same modules, sequentially connected to each other along the length of welding, each of which includes a part of a double bottom, double side, double longitudinal bulkhead, deck and one transverse bulkhead.

The technical solutions provided are preferred. The implementation of double sides, a double bottom and a double longitudinal bulkhead located in the diametrical plane of the hull from one row of these panels allows their volumetric design to be formed due to the use of a limited number of standardized volumetric elements - double hull cells, which these panels actually are when assembling. The creation of such panels requires a minimum range of structural elements and a minimum number of technological operations. As a result, the volumetric structures of the double hull - the bottom, side and longitudinal bulkhead sections, and then the hull modules and the entire part of the hull with a constant cross section assembled from them are created with minimal labor at all stages of their production and assembly.

In addition to the above preferred technical solutions, a double longitudinal bulkhead of another type can also be used in the hull of the vessel according to the invention, which also provides a solution to the problem due to the fact that

- double sheathing of the longitudinal bulkhead is made up of two rows of panels consisting of sheets with cylindrical curvature and having a circular cross sectional shape in length of less than 180 °, and panels of flat sheets supported by transverse stiffeners, the longitudinal edges of which are welded into the longitudinal joints between adjacent panels plating opposite each other;

- transverse bulkheads of the vessel, located within the double-hull part of the hull, in the area of the diametrical plane, are welded to the outer sides of two rows of longitudinal bulkhead panels consisting of sheets with cylindrical curvature and having in the cross section a circular arc shape of less than 180 ° in length, and panels of reinforced by transverse stiffening ribs of flat sheets, the longitudinal edges of which are welded into the longitudinal joints between adjacent cladding panels located opposite each other.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where

- figure 1 schematically shows a side view of a vessel with a double hull in the middle part with a constant cross section, the double skin of the sides and bottom of which is formed of panels consisting of sheets with cylindrical curvature and having a circular cross section in cross-section in the form of more than 180 ° ;

- Figures 2 and 3 show diagrams of a cross section of a double hull in the midship region with different arrangement of panels of sheets with cylindrical curvature having a circular cross section in the form of a circular arc longer than 180 °, in the sides and bottom;

- Figures 4, 5 and 6 show cross-sectional diagrams of the ship’s double hull in the midship region, in which part of the panels of sheets with cylindrical curvature (for example, the upper side panel, cheekbone panel or keel panel) is made with a cross section in the form of a closed circular arcs;

- Fig.7 shows a diagram of the cross section of the double hull of the vessel, in which along with the double sides and the bottom of the proposed design, a longitudinal bulkhead of one of the known structures is used - with corrugated sewing and frame racks;

- on Fig presents a diagram of the cross section of the double hull of the vessel, in which along with the double sides and bottom of the proposed design used longitudinal bulkhead with double stitching, similar to that used in US patent No. 5086723;

- figure 2-8 in the above diagrams of the cross section of the double hull of the vessel presents the possibility of using various structural options for the tunnel keel - box or cylindrical;

- figure 9 shows a cross-sectional diagram of a double hull of the vessel of the proposed design, in which a deck with a structure similar to that used in US patent No. 5086723 is applied, using curved sheets of flooring.

The hull of the vessel 1 (Fig. 1) includes a middle part along the length 2 with a constant cross section, a bow tip 3 and aft end 4. The middle part of the ship 2 has a double skin, bow and stern ends 3 and 4 are of the usual design using a single skin. The sides 5, the bottom 6 and the longitudinal bulkhead 7 of the middle part of the housing 2 with a constant cross-section are formed, respectively, of one row of panels 8, 9 and 10, consisting of sheets with cylindrical curvature and having in the cross section a circular arc shape longer than 180 ° (Fig. 2-6), while different orientations of these panels are possible (FIGS. 2 and 3), as well as the use of individual panels having a cross-section in the form of a closed circular arc, i.e. cylinders 11, 12 and 13 (Figs. 4-5). Within the side, bottom and longitudinal bulkhead, the corresponding rows of panels have the same diameters, the use of panels of the same diameter for all of the specified elements of the hull provides the highest degree of standardization.

The diameter of the zygomatic panel 12 provides the necessary docking of the side and bottom panels according to the conditions of their layout (Fig. 2-8).

For the longitudinal bulkhead 7, in addition to the panels 10 of the proposed design, known structures can be used, for example, with flat or corrugated stitching 14 and a reinforcing set (Fig. 7) or with double stitching according to US patent prototype No. 5086723 - from two rows of sheets ( panels) 15 with relatively small cylindrical curvature, connected by stringers 16 of flat sheets with transverse stiffeners 17 (Fig. 8).

For the proposed double hull deck 18 may be of a traditional design, i.e. with a flat sheet deck supported by frame beams 19, carlings 20 and longitudinal stiffeners 21 (FIGS. 2-8), or using the technical solution of US Pat. No. 5086723 — with a sheet floor (panels) 22 with a relatively small cylindrical curvature, supported by carlings 20 with stiffeners 17 (Fig.9).

In contrast to US patent prototype No. 5086723, in variants of the longitudinal bulkhead and deck using sheets (panels) 15 and 22 with a relatively small cylindrical curvature in the present invention, their geometric characteristic is refined: the length of the circular arc of the cross section of the sheets is taken to be less than 180 °.

The upper panels 8 or 11 of the side 5 and the upper panels 10 or 15 of the longitudinal bulkhead 7 are connected by welding to a deck 18 of flat sheets (FIGS. 2-8) or to a deck of curved sheets 22 (FIG. 9). The lower side panels 8 are supported and welded to the outside of the cheekbones 12 (FIGS. 2-8). The lower panels 10 of the longitudinal bulkhead 7 are supported and welded to the tunnel keel of the box-shaped structure 23 of flat sheets supported by a set (FIGS. 2-5, 7) or of a tubular structure 13 made of circular panels supported by a set (FIG. 6). The dimensions of the tunnel keel, in addition to placing ballast pipelines, provide the necessary docking with it of the bottom panels 9 and bulkhead panels 10.

Depending on the length of the cargo holds 24 of the vessel with a constant cross-section 2, limited by transverse bulkheads 25 (figure 1), inside the panels 8-13 and 15, to ensure their necessary strength, it is possible to install braces 26 with lightening holes 27 (figure 2- 9).

The thicknesses of sheets with a cylindrical curvature, from which panels 8-13, 15 and 22 are assembled, are taken from the conditions for ensuring the general strength of the body during bending under the conditions of swimming and local strength of the structural elements of the body from external hydrostatic and dynamic loading and from the load and liquid ballast . At the same time, the feasibility of ensuring a minimum number of sizes of created sheets and panels from them is taken into account.

The process of creating a double casing of the proposed design includes the manufacture of steel sheets with cylindrical curvature for the assembly of panels 8-13, having a circular arc in cross section more than 180 ° in length and which are the main element of the proposed double casing design. For vessels with a double hull, for example, for tankers with a deadweight of 60,000 to 300,000 tons, the width of the double-sided and bulkhead spaces and the height of the double bottom space can be about 1.8-2.3 m. The cross-sectional perimeter of panels 8-13 curved in such a diameter and having in cross section a circular arc with a length of, for example, about 250-300 °, significantly exceeds the standard width of the manufactured sheets of shipbuilding steel. Therefore, each panel requires the use of two steel sheets of a standard range. The prepared steel sheets are passed by a long edge through the bending rollers to form the necessary curvature. Then, these sheets are welded in the conductor along two adjacent long edges with the formation of a single panel having a circular cross-section in cross section with some margin relative to the accepted length, after which the edges of the panel are cut in the conductor to a clean size.

For the manufacture of panels 15 of the longitudinal bulkhead and panels 22 of the deck when using for each of them sheets with a circular arc length of a cross section of less than 180 ° (Figs. 8, 9), it is sufficient to use one steel sheet of standard width. The manufacturing process of these panels from prefabricated sheets is similar to that described above for panels 8-13, the difference is the relatively less curvature of the panels (sheets) 15 and 22.

Panels 8-13 can be different or the same in terms of the radius of curvature, the length of the circular arc in their cross section and the thickness for the double sides 5, the bottom 6 and the longitudinal bulkhead 7, providing a degree of standardization of the structural elements of the housing. These panels after installation and welding inside them, if necessary, the brace 26 are the main volumetric structural elements, from which later sections of the side 5, bottom 6 and longitudinal bulkhead 7 are formed. To provide access to the side, bottom, cheekbones and bulkhead panels in the process construction, repair or inspection during the operation of the vessel, they provide vias 29 with coaming, and in the upper panels - waterproof hatches 30; a waterproof hatch is also provided for access to the tunnel keel of a box-shaped 23 or tubular 13 structure, the volume of which can be used differently than the volume of the double bottom and double sides (Fig.2-9). The holes 29 also provide symmetrical flooding and drainage of the double bottom and double-sided spaces when receiving and pumping clean ballast.

Separate sections of the tunnel keel 23 of the box construction (FIGS. 2-5, 7-8) are assembled from four panels made of flat sheets supported by transverse stiffeners. The manufacture of the tunnel keel of the tubular structure 13 from circular panels (Fig.6) is carried out with preliminary flexible sheets and their welding in a conductor, technologically similar to those used in the manufacture of side, bottom and bulkhead panels 8-10; then a reinforcing set is welded inside these circular keel panels.

When applying the deck 18 of a conventional design with flat sheets of casing (Fig.2-8), supported by a transverse and longitudinal intersecting set, at all stages of the manufacture of its sections using known technological operations. When applying the deck using sheets 22 (FIG. 9), the circular arc length of the cross section of which is less than 180 °, its manufacture is made using known technical solutions, for example, those indicated in US patent prototype No. 5086723.

The above-described volumetric panels of the side 5, bottom 6 and longitudinal bulkhead 7, the circular arc of the cross-section of which exceeds 180 °, are assembled into side, bottom and bulkhead sections by welding the edges of some panels to the convex outer side of adjacent panels. When assembling sections into modules, docking and welding are provided:

- lower panels 8 sections of the side 5 - with zygomatic panels 12 included in the section of the bottom 6 (Fig.2-8);

- lower panels 10 of the sections of the longitudinal bulkhead 7 - with the tunnel keel 23 (Fig.2-5) or 13 (Fig.6);

- extreme sheets of sections of a flat deck 18 (FIGS. 2-8) or extreme sheets 22 of a deck having a circular arc in cross section of less than 180 ° (FIG. 9), and frame beams 19 with upper panels 8 or 11 of the side sections;

- carlings 20 in the diametrical plane of the body - with the upper element of the section used longitudinal bulkhead 7: panel 10 (Fig.2-6, 9), flat or corrugated single stitching 14 (Fig.7) or stringer 16 sections of the double bulkhead with curved panels 15 (Fig. 8, 9).

At the same time, to ensure the necessary sealing of adjacent structures, the required number of knits 28 is set.

Each housing module ends with a transverse bulkhead 25 (figure 1), welded:

- in its outline, to the outer side of the side panels 8 or 11 facing the inside of the hull, the bottom panels 9 and the cheekbones 12 and to the deck of flat sheets 18 (Figs. 2-8) or curved sheets 22 (Fig. 9);

- in the area of the diametrical plane, depending on the accepted design of the longitudinal bulkhead 7, - to the outside of the panels 10 (Fig.2-6), flat or corrugated single sewing 14 (Fig.7), panels 15 and 16 (Fig.8) , and depending on the adopted design of the tunnel keel - to the outside of the elements of the box keel 23 (Fig.2-5, 7) or tubular keel 13 (Fig.6, 8).

The middle part of the double casing 2 with a constant cross-section is created from the same modules sequentially connected to each other along the length by welding, assembled from sections that consist of the above-described volume panels. Moreover, each of the modules is composed of five types of sections:

- 1 section of the keel tunnel box 23 or tubular 13 design,

- 2 sections of the bottom 6, including 2 panels of the cheekbone 12,

- 2 sections of a board 5,

- 1 section of a longitudinal bulkhead 7,

- 1 deck section from flat sheets 18 or from sheets with a cylindrical curvature 22.

The panels 8-13 used in the sections of the bottom, side and longitudinal bulkheads may, if necessary, be assumed to be identical in shape and size; the thickness of the sheets in these panels or in parts thereof may also be assumed to be the same in justified cases. The maximum degree of standardization is ensured when standard sections for the bottom, side and longitudinal bulkhead are used in sections.

The completion of the hull 1 of the vessel is ensured by attaching by welding to the middle part of the hull 2 assembled from the indicated modules with a constant cross section and double sheathing of the bow and stern ends 3 and 4 (Fig. 1).

Compared with the design of the double casing with the outer and inner lining of two rows of sheets with a relatively small cylindrical curvature, used in US patent No. 5086723, adopted as a prototype proposed in the present invention, the design using the preferred technical solutions provides the following advantages when creating the middle part hull of a vessel having a constant cross section:

- eliminates such numerous and generally quite labor-consuming structural elements as side, bottom and bulkhead stringers from flat plates, supported by stiffeners;

- the design features of the used panels with relatively large cylindrical curvature allow each cell of the double side, bottom or longitudinal bulkhead to be formed using one volumetric element, while in the prototype structure, two panels of sheets with relatively small cylindrical curvature must be used and one panel of a flat sheet, supported by transverse stiffeners;

- due to the smaller range of structural elements, the number of housing procurement and assembly operations is significantly reduced, while the welding volume of the middle part of the body with a constant cross section is reduced by 6-8%;

- due to the better use of metal to ensure general and local strength, the metal consumption of the middle part of the body with a constant cross-section is reduced by 5-7%;

- in contrast to the design of the prototype in the proposed design there are no nodes that require the creation of unique welding equipment to perform T-joints at the same time three housing elements.

Claims (8)

1. The hull of the vessel, including the sides, bottom, deck, longitudinal and transverse bulkheads and incorporating a section with a constant cross-section located between its fore and aft ends, within which its sides, bottom and longitudinal bulkhead have a double skin made of connected in series with each other by welding panels of sheets with a cylindrical curvature, characterized in that the double sheathing of the sides, bottom and longitudinal bulkhead in the cross section of the body is formed from one row of panels consisting of sheets with cylindrical curvature and having a cross-sectional shape of a circular arc with a length of more than 180 °, while the longitudinal edges of some panels are welded along the generatrix to the convex side of adjacent panels. 2. The hull according to claim 1, characterized in that the deck deck is made of flat sheets. 3. The hull according to claim 1, characterized in that the deck deck is made of panels consisting of one row of sheets with a cylindrical curvature and having in cross section a circular arc shape of less than 180 ° in length. 4. The hull according to claim 1, characterized in that the transverse bulkheads of the vessel, located within the hull with a double skin, are welded in their outer contour to the outer side of the hull facing the inside of one row of side and bottom panels, consisting of sheets with a cylindrical curvature and having a cross section in the form of a circular arc with a length of more than 180 °, and in the area of the diametrical plane are welded to the outer sides of one row of similar panels of a longitudinal bulkhead. 5. The hull according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper panels of the right and left sides and the longitudinal bulkhead, consisting of sheets with a cylindrical curvature and having a cross-section in the form of a circular arc longer than 180 °, are connected by welding to the deck, and the lower ones these panels of the right and left sides and the longitudinal bulkheads are welded to the bottom. 6. The hull according to claim 1, characterized in that a part of the hull with a constant cross-section, depending on the distance between the transverse bulkheads, is provided with transverse reinforcements, including:
frame flora and frame frames formed by brackets installed in the same transverse plane inside the side, bottom and bulkhead panels, consisting of sheets with cylindrical curvature and having in the cross section the shape of a circular arc longer than 180 °, and welded to them;
knits installed in the area of the joints of the side, bottom, deck and longitudinal bulkhead and welded to adjacent structures at the installation site. 7. The hull of the ship according to claims 1-6, characterized in that a part of the hull with a constant cross section is formed of the same modules, sequentially connected to each other along the length of welding, each of which includes a part of a double bottom, double side, double longitudinal bulkhead, decks and one transverse bulkhead. 8. The hull according to claim 7, characterized in that the fore and aft ends with a single skin are connected by welding to a part of the hull with a constant cross section.

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