RU2451554C1 - Method of using line for processing of explosives solid wastes in their reclamation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to crushing rocket solid propellants and powders aimed at processing into explosive mixes or boiler fuel. Proposed method comprises placing TRT grain at cutting machine tool, drowning it partially or completely, sawing by set of saws integrated in multi-saw unit into several plates. Grain feed rate is controlled by axial feed mechanism with the help of tracking assembly. Multisaw unit is provided with device to correct saw clearance subject to grain diameter, size of its central bore, grain feed arte and rpm of said saw unit made up of telescoping bushes, and centrifuge to separate solid and liquid phases. Water is cleaned by circulation system consisting of, at least, two preliminary and final cleaning tanks equipped with water cleaning gauze filter. Blower is arranged above rolls to force hot AIR in clearance between rolls to dry grinding plates and to rule out sticking of minced particles to roll surface.

EFFECT: simplified process.

4 cl, 3 dwg

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to the field of grinding and crushing in roller mills for the disposal of gunpowder and solid rocket propellants (TRT) rocket technology on a ballistic basis, for their subsequent processing into powder explosive mixtures (PVA) or in order to obtain fuel for boiler rooms.

State of the art

Currently, a sufficient number of methods for the disposal or destruction of gunpowder and TRT have been developed and tested in practice.

A known method of eliminating the bonded charges of TRT with detachable bottoms (patent RU 2165591, published on 04/20/2001) The essence of this method is that the elimination of the charge of TRT, bonded to the body with a detachable bottom, is carried out by cutting it with a jet of water under pressure. First, the bottom is separated, then the body with the TPT charge is mounted on a special device and rotated. In the process of rotation, the charge of the TRT is ground with a stream of water by moving the grinding head at the open end of the charge. During the grinding of the TPT charge, the grinding head is rotated so that its cutting end is parallel to the inner surface of the body, and moved along this surface, removing the remains of the TPT. The resulting wet charge charge TRT is used as components for the manufacture of powder explosive mixtures (PVA) or destroyed by burning in an environmentally friendly furnace.

This method is carried out by a device known from the same patent, comprising a source of high pressure water, drive devices for rotating the housing with a charge of TRT and supplying water from the high pressure source to the body of the product, a waste water treatment unit, and a control system. The main elements of the device are the drive of rotation of the product and axially movable, with the possibility of changing the position of the cutting end, a grinding head having a channel inside for supplying water under pressure to the TRT charge cutoff.

The disadvantages of this method and device are:

- the need for special equipment that provides high-pressure water supply;

- the complexity of the technology for the elimination of charges of TRT, which consists in performing a sufficiently large number of operations (rotation of products, movement and rotation of the grinding head, etc.);

- high energy intensity of the process.

There is also known a method of eliminating charges TRT (patent RU 2143660, publ. 12/27/1999). The essence of this method lies in the fact that the charge TPT, bonded to the housing with an inseparable bottom, is installed on the rotation device and, during rotation, the pre-nozzle part of the housing is separated. Then, using the hydraulic cutting unit, the TRT charge is cut into parts in the form of wheels, and then the fraction of the charge under the cut ring of the body is crushed into crumbs. The resulting crumb of the charge, together with the water generated after the hydraulic cutting, is either used as components for the manufacture of PVA or burned in a furnace.

The disadvantages of this method are:

- the need for complex and expensive equipment for high pressure water supply;

- low profitability and durability of the elements of the mechanisms of hydraulic cutting compared to mechanical cutting tools;

- the inability, using the hydraulic cutting method, to obtain the bulk of the TRT fractions with the specified geometric parameters necessary for the production of PVA;

- high energy intensity of the process of destruction of charges TRT by the method of hydraulic cutting.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention allows to solve the problem of safe and efficient disposal of TPT checkers, while the disposal of TPT checkers by the proposed method does not generate waste.

The problem is solved due to the fact that in the method of crushing crumbs of solid rocket fuel checkers (TRT), according to the invention, first the TRT checker intended for grinding is placed on a cutting machine containing a frame made of metal sheets to form a bath for water, while placing a checker in the axial feed mechanism, which is performed in the form of a conveyor belt consisting of an endless belt rotating around two rolls, one of which is driven, while on the tape, perpendicular to During its movement, at equal intervals, inverted U-shaped profiled elements are fixed, with horizontal shelves bent on each side inward of the profile, with the formation of a central channel between them and at least two inverted T-shaped spring-loaded clamps are moved along it for fixing between them, at least one piece, each of the horizontal shelves of the clamp is gear, and can be moved relative to the corresponding horizontal shelves of an inverted U-shaped ele cient also performed gear, to allow rigid fixing clips of tape width depends on the diameter of checkers; immerse the checker partially or completely in water, then turn on the drives and start axial feed of the TPT checker into the cutting zone, cut with a set of saws combined in a multi-saw block, partially or completely placed in the water bath, parallel to each other with gaps between each other, cutting the TPT checker simultaneously into several plates, and sawed so that the central section passed strictly in the middle of the piece, and the next sections on the left and right, respectively, passed no closer than 1 mm from the central channel, while the control comfort the feed speed of the checker by the axial feed mechanism, the rotation speed of the saws in the multi-saw block, using a tracking unit consisting of a first sensor that controls the speed of the axial feed mechanism, a second sensor that controls the rotation speed of the multi-saw block, which is directly dependent on the feed speed of the checkers, and the distance between the saws is regulated using a device for automatically correcting the gap between the saws, made in the form of a shaft of telescopic couplings located between adjacent saws in a set , depending on the diameter of the checker, also set depending on the feed speed of the checker and the rotation speed of the multi-saw block, as well as on the basis of the dimensions of the central channel of the checker TRT, while the distance between the saws is controlled by an input signal coming in series or parallel from the second sensor to the displacement sensors located on each coupling, in addition, during the cutting of the TPT blocks into plates, after the front of the block passes through the multi-saw block, in front, in its sawn center th channel, put the stopper, made in the shape of the channel, to provide support for the overhanging part of the sawn plates located on top and excluding their cantilever overhang, leading to cracking of the not yet sawn part of the checker, and remove this stopper after the process of sawing the checkers on the plates onto which tubes with nozzles supply water, which through them enters the water bath, to the lower part of which a pipe is connected, through which, with the help of a pumping unit for water withdrawal, water with chips formed when cutting the TRT checker, it enters the centrifuge to separate the chips from water, with the subsequent automatic receipt of the separated solid and liquid fractions, respectively, into the chip collection tank installed at the discharge window of the centrifuge, and, through an additional pipeline and pumping unit for water selection, water circulation system, for its fine purification, in the form of tanks of preliminary and final purification, with a strainer of water purification placed inside each of them, moreover, the tanks are connected in series, the tank is pre Inlet cleaning is provided with two inlet openings and one outlet, and the final cleaning tank - with two inlet and one outlet, while in addition to the main pipeline, the first inlet of the pre-treatment tank is connected, and through its outlet with the inlet of the final cleaning tank and further, through the first outlet with the pump unit, for the subsequent supply of purified water to the tube with nozzles, the tanks are connected by an additional return pipe connecting the second outlet the final tank with the second inlet of the preliminary tank, in addition, in the preliminary tank before and after the strainer, respectively, the first and second transmitting water analyzers are installed, and in the final tank there is a third analyzer installed after passing filter water, the control signal from the third sensor is supplied to the valves installed on each of the outlet openings of the final cleaning tank, depending on the degree of water treatment, except Moreover, in case of unsatisfactory water purification, the control signal from the third sensor is supplied to the first sensor, which, in turn, supplies a control signal to the corresponding valves installed on the inlet openings of the pre-treatment tank, as a result of which the valve connecting the additional pipeline to the tank, goes to the “open” position, and the valve connecting the tank to the main pipeline - to the “closed” position, after passing the treatment, the water, using the pump unit, enters the tube again with supers; after cutting the checkers into plates, the latter are fed to grind them into the gap between two rolls equipped with a set of sharpened pins located on the outer cylindrical surface of the rolls, over which a fan is installed to pump hot air into the gap between the rolls to allow the grinding plates to be dried and the crushed plates not to stick particles to the surface of the rolls, while the air flow rate is selected from the condition of minimum moisture content of the crushed material at the outlet of the grinding unit.

Preferably, the plates are cut with a thickness of 5 ÷ 25 mm, while the height of the plates is equal to the height of the pieces at the cut, and the length is equal to the length of the pieces.

The speed of longitudinal feed of the checkers is 60 ÷ 600 mm / min, and the linear speed of the saw teeth in the cutting zone is from 20 ÷ 600 m / min.

The rolls for grinding the plates rotate at a speed of 10 ÷ 100 rpm

The technical result achieved by the claimed invention is to simplify the design of the equipment, as well as its versatility, while reducing the number of technological operations necessary to grind the TPT pieces, while at the same time it is possible to grind the TPT pieces with a diameter of up to 300 mm into chips and chips.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where:

- figure 1 schematically shows the stages of grinding checkers TRT;

- figure 2 - the device of the machine for cutting checkers TRT on the plate;

- figure 3 is a closed process of using the working fluid in the filtration system of the machine for cutting checkers TRT on the plate.

The implementation of the invention

1 - checker TRT;

2 - sawn checker TRT;

3 - plate checkers TRT;

4 - baby TRT;

5 - frame of the machine for cutting checkers TRT;

6 - a bath for water;

7 - multi-saw block;

8 - plug for the central channel of the TRT checker;

9 - the central channel of the TRT checkers;

10 - axial feed mechanism checkers TRT;

11 - drive mechanism axial feed checkers TRT;

12 - rotation drive multisaw block;

13 - shaft drive rotation of the multi-saw block;

14 - pipe with nozzles for supplying water to the cutting zone of the machine for cutting checkers TRT;

15 - input die for fixing the TPT checkers during cutting;

16 - output die for fixing TRT checkers during cutting;

17 - comb;

18 - basket for the extraction of chips;

19 - pipe drain water from the bath of the machine for cutting checkers TRT;

20 - pump unit for taking water from the bath of the machine for cutting checkers TRT;

21 - crane sequential switching of water purification filters;

22 - tanks of water purification filters;

23 - mesh filter for water purification.

The essence of the method of grinding checkers TRT (figure 1) is to change their quality condition. From the whole TPT checker 1, first a sawn checker 2 is obtained, consisting of plates 3, and then the TPT 4 chips.

The cutting device is made in the form of a machine for cutting checkers TPT (figure 2), including a frame 5 in the form of a welded structure, on which are placed mechanisms that facilitate the implementation of the proposed method of grinding checkers TPT 1. Metal sheets of frame 5 form a bath 6 for water. In the upper part of the frame 5 there is a multi-saw block 7 located on the shaft 13 of the drive 12. The multi-saw block 7 is formed by at least one set of circular or other (for example, longitudinal, transverse, etc.) saws, in the amount of 5 to 20 pieces, partially or partially completely in the bath 6 for water parallel to each other with gaps between the saws from 3 to 25 mm.

The indicated numerical ranges of the number of saws, as well as the values of the gaps between them, are optimal for performing the operations of cutting the checker in one pass through the multi-saw block 7, since it is possible to pass the checker of large diameter (up to 300 mm or more) and the possibility of obtaining plates of 3 optimal sizes in thickness . The same reasons explain the speed of longitudinal feed of the pieces into the cutting zone, which is 60–600 mm / min, as well as the linear speed of the saw teeth 20–600 m / min. In addition, these ranges were chosen on the basis of the condition that the plates do not break or crack when the pieces are sawn.

The speed of rotation of the saws in the multi-saw block, as well as the feed speed of the checker by the axial feed mechanism, is controlled using a tracking unit consisting of a first sensor that controls the speed of the axial feed mechanism, a second sensor that regulates the rotation speed of the multi-saw block, which is directly dependent on the feed speed checkers. The distance between the saws is regulated using a device for automatically correcting the gap between the saws (not shown in the drawings), made in the form of a shaft of telescopic couplings located between adjacent saws in the set, depending on the diameter of the checker, also set depending on the feed speed of the checker and speed rotation of the multi-saw block itself, as well as based on the dimensions of the central channel of the TRT checker. In this case, the distance between the saws is regulated by the input signal from the second sensor in series or in parallel to the displacement sensors located on each coupling.

Above the multi-saw block is a tube 14 with nozzles for supplying water to the cutting zone of the machine. In the front of the frame 5 is located the mechanism 10 of the axial feed checkers TPT 1 for cutting, the operation of which is provided by the drive 11.

The axial feed mechanism (not shown in the drawings) is performed in the form of a conveyor belt consisting of an endless belt rotating around two rolls, one of which is driven. On the tape, perpendicular to the direction of its movement, at equal intervals, fix inverted U-shaped profiled elements, with horizontal shelves bent on each side inward of the profile, with the formation of a central channel between them and move at least two inverted T-shaped spring-loaded clamps for fixing between them at least one piece. Each of the horizontal shelves of the clamp is toothed, and with the possibility of moving relative to the corresponding horizontal shelf of an inverted U-shaped element, also made of toothed, for the possibility of rigid fixation of the clamps along the width of the tape depending on the diameter of the checker.

Checker TRT 1 during cutting is fixed from lateral movements with the input die 15, located in front of the multi-saw block 7, and the output die 16, which is located behind the multi-saw block 7. Behind the multi-saw block 7, behind the output die 16 there is a comb 11 designed for free passage TPT 3 plates and preventing their tilting during removal from the machine, as in the event of an accidental rotation of the plate 3 they can be caught by the saw teeth and pulled into the gap between the saws, which can lead to overloading the machine and its emergency stop ovke. In front of the comb 11, in the central channel 9 of the TPT checker 1, there is a plug 8, which provides support for the overhanging part of the TPT 3 sawn plates located on top and prevents their cantilever freezing, leading to cracking of the yet not sawed part of the TPT checker 1. The stopper 8 is made in the form of the central channel of the checker 9 TPT 1 and made of plastic or other material (for example, polyethylene, polypropylene, etc.). A pipeline is connected to the bottom of the water bath 6 through which, with the help of a pumping unit for water withdrawal, water with shavings generated during cutting of the TPT block enters a centrifuge to separate the shavings from water (not shown in the drawings), with the possibility of further automatic receipt of separated solid and liquid fractions, respectively, in a container for collecting chips, in the form of a basket 18, installed at the discharge window of the centrifuge, and, through an additional pipeline and pump unit for water withdrawal, into the circulating system water for fine cleaning. The basket 18 is made of sheet metal. A pipe 19 serves to drain water from the bath 6 into its circulation system. After cutting the checkers into plates, the latter are fed to grind them into the gap between two rolls equipped with a set of sharpened pins (the roll design is not shown in the drawings) located on the outer cylindrical surface of the rolls. A fan is installed above the rolls (not shown in the drawings) for forcing hot air into the gap between them to allow the grinding plates to dry and not to crush the crushed particles to the surface of the rolls, while the air flow rate is selected from the condition of the minimum moisture content of the crushed material at the outlet of the grinding unit .

Then TRT crumbs are collected and used for the production of powder explosive mixtures or for destruction.

Figure 3 characterizes the closed process of using the working fluid in the machine for cutting checkers TRT. The water circulation system of the machine for cutting checkers TRT consists of a pipe 14 with nozzles, a bath 6 for water, a pump unit 20 for taking water from a bath 6 for the machine, tanks 22 with a mesh filter 23 for water purification and a tap 21 for sequentially switching water purification filters.

Moreover, the tanks 22 are made of two types - preliminary and final cleaning, with the strainer of water purification placed inside each of them. The tanks are connected in series. The pre-treatment tank is provided with two inlets and one outlet, and the final tank is provided with two inlets and one outlet, while in addition to the main pipeline, the first inlet of the pre-treatment tank is connected, and through its outlet with the inlet of the final tank and further , through the first outlet with the pump unit, for the subsequent supply of purified water into the tube with nozzles. In addition, the tanks are connected by an additional return pipe connecting the second outlet of the final tank to the second inlet of the preliminary tank. In the preliminary tank before and after the strainer 23, respectively, the first and second sensors-analyzers (not shown) of the passing water are installed, and in the final tank - the third sensor-analyzer (not shown), installed after the water has passed strainer 23.

The control signal from the third sensor is supplied to the valves (not shown in the drawings) installed on each of the outlet openings of the final cleaning tank, depending on the degree of water purification. In addition, in case of unsatisfactory water purification, the control signal from the third sensor is supplied to the first sensor, which, in turn, supplies a control signal to the corresponding valves installed on the inlet openings of the pre-treatment tank, as a result of which the valve connecting the additional pipeline to the tank switches to the "open" position, and the valve connecting the tank to the main pipeline - to the "closed" position.

The technological complex implements the proposed method of grinding checkers TRT as follows.

The TRT checker 1, intended for grinding, is placed on the cutting machine and is pushed by the pusher (not shown) of the axial feed mechanism 10. The drives 11 and 12 are turned on, and the axial feed of the TPT checker 1 into the cutting zone and the saw blades 7 rotate . In the cutting zone, the TPT checker 1 is cut into plates 3. The inlet 15 and output 16 of the die and comb 11 prevent the transverse movement of the TPT checker 1 and its TPT plates 3. The water coming from the tube 14 with nozzles enters the plates 3 and through them in bath 6 for water. Further, by means of a pumping unit for water withdrawal, water with chips enters a centrifuge to separate the chips from water. The solid fraction enters the chip collection tank, in the form of a basket 18, installed at the discharge window of the centrifuge, and the liquid fraction, through an additional pipeline and pumping unit 20 for water extraction, into the water circulation system for fine cleaning. From there, water through a mesh filter 23 of water purification enters the bathtub of the machine and, with the help of a pumping unit, enters again into the tube 14 with nozzles. After cutting the checkers into plates, the latter are fed for grinding them into the gap between two rolls equipped with a set of sharpened pins located on the outer cylindrical surface of the rolls and a fan. Then TRT crumbs are collected and used for the production of powder explosive mixtures or for destruction.

Using a system of two filters in a filter unit allows them to be cleaned without stopping the machine for cutting powder drafts by successive switching of filters with a crane.

Tests of the proposed method for grinding TPT checkers and the technological complex for its implementation were carried out with the disposal of single-channel checkers made of ballistic TPT brand RSI-12K. The cross-sectional shape of the checker is a segment, the weight of one checker is about 10 kg. Using a machine for cutting checkers TRT, plates TPT were obtained with a thickness of 7-10 mm along the length of the checkers. Then, by crushing, a fraction of 10 × 15 × 20 mm was obtained. The productivity of the machine was about 200 kg / h.

Claims (4)

1. A method of crushing crumbs of solid rocket fuel checkers (TRT), characterized in that first the TRT checker intended for grinding is placed on a cutting machine containing a frame made of metal sheets to form a bath for water, while placing a checker in the axial feed mechanism, which is performed in the form of a conveyor belt, consisting of an endless belt rotating around two rolls, one of which is driven, while the tape is perpendicular to the direction of its movement at regular intervals beyond inverted U-shaped profiled elements are replicated with horizontal shelves bent on each side of the inside of the profile to form a central channel between them and move at least two inverted T-shaped spring-loaded clamps to fix at least one piece between them moreover, each of the horizontal shelves of the clamp is gear and can be moved relative to the corresponding horizontal shelf of an inverted U-shaped element, also made of gear, for possibly stiff fixation clamps across the width of the tape depending on the diameter of the checker; immerse the checker partially or completely in water, then turn on the drives and start axial feeding of the TPT checker into the cutting zone, cut with a set of saws combined in a multi-saw block, placed partially or completely in the water bath, parallel to each other with gaps between them, cutting the TPT checker simultaneously into several plates, and sawed so that the central section passed strictly in the middle of the piece, and the next sections on the left and right, respectively, passed no closer than 1 mm from the central channel, while the control comfort the feed speed of the checker by the axial feed mechanism, the rotation speed of the saws in the multi-saw block using a tracking unit consisting of a first sensor that controls the speed of the axial feed mechanism, a second sensor that controls the rotation speed of the multi-saw block, which is directly dependent on the speed of the checkers feed, and the distance between the saws is regulated using the device for automatic correction of the gap between the saws, made in the form of a shaft of telescopic couplings located between adjacent saws in the set , depending on the diameter of the checker, also set depending on the feed speed of the checker and the rotational speed of the multi-saw block itself, as well as on the basis of the dimensions of the central channel of the checker TRT, while the distance between the saws is controlled by an input signal coming in series or parallel from the second sensor to displacement sensors located on each coupling, in addition, during the cutting of the TPT pieces into plates, after the front of the piece passes through the multi-saw block, in front, into its sawn center th channel, put the stopper, made in the shape of the channel, to provide support for the overhanging part of the sawn plates located on top and excluding their cantilever overhang, leading to cracking of the not yet sawn part of the checker, and remove this stopper after the process of sawing the checkers on the plates onto which tubes with nozzles supply water, which through them enters the water bath, to the lower part of which a pipe is connected, through which water with chips formed by means of a pumping unit for water selection When cutting the TRT checker, it enters the centrifuge to separate the chips from water, with the subsequent automatic entry of the separated solid and liquid fractions, respectively, into the chip collection tank installed at the centrifuge's discharge window, and, through an additional pipeline and a water sampling pump unit, water circulation system for its fine purification, in the form of tanks for preliminary and final purification, with a strainer of water purification placed inside each of them, moreover, the tanks are connected in series, the tank is pre final cleaning is provided with two inlets and one outlet, and the final cleaning tank with two inlets and one outlet, while in addition to the main pipeline, the first inlet of the pre-treatment tank is connected and through its outlet with the inlet of the final cleaning tank and then through the first the outlet with the pump unit for the subsequent supply of purified water to the tube with nozzles, the tanks are connected by an additional return pipe connecting the second outlet final tank with the second inlet of the preliminary tank, in addition, in the preliminary tank before and after the strainer, respectively, the first and second transmitting water analyzers are installed, and in the final tank there is a third analyzer sensor installed after the passage of water in the strainer, the control signal from the third sensor is supplied to the valves installed on each of the outlet openings of the final cleaning tank, depending on the degree of water purification, except In case of unsatisfactory water purification, the control signal from the third sensor is supplied to the first sensor, which, in turn, supplies the control signal to the corresponding valves installed on the inlet openings of the pre-treatment tank, as a result of which the valve connecting the additional pipeline to the tank passes to the "open" position, and the valve connecting the tank to the main pipeline - to the "closed" position, after cleaning, the water, using the pump unit, again enters the tube with force moons; after cutting the checkers into plates, the latter are fed to grind them into the gap between two rolls equipped with a set of sharpened pins located on the outer cylindrical surface of the rolls, over which a fan is installed to pump hot air into the gap between the rolls to allow drying of the grinding plates and non-sticking of crushed particles to the surface of the rolls, while the feed rate of the air flow is selected from the condition of minimum humidity of the crushed material at the outlet of the grinding unit, ATEM collected crumb TRT and its use for the production of propellant explosive mixtures or for destruction. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the plates are cut with a thickness of 5 ÷ 25 mm, while the height of the plates is equal to the height of the pieces at the point of cut, and the length is equal to the length of the pieces. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the longitudinal feed speed of the checkers is 60 ÷ 600 mm / min, and the linear speed of the saw teeth in the cutting zone is from 20 ÷ 600 m / min. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the rolls for grinding the plates rotate at a speed of 10 ÷ 100 rpm

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