RU2451553C1 - Line for processing of explosives solid wastes in their reclamation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to crushing rocket solid propellants and powders aimed at processing into explosive mixes or boiler fuel. Proposed device is made up of machine, water bath, multi-saw unit consisting of, at least, one set of saws arranged partially or completely in said water bath. Proposed device includes assembly to control grain feed rate by axial feed mechanism. Multisaw unit is provided with device to correct saw clearance subject to grain diameter, size of its central bore, grain feed arte and rpm of said saw unit made up of telescoping bushes. Besides, proposed device comprises centrifuge to separate solid and liquid phases. Said machine comprises two rolls rotating toward each other, blower arranged there above to force hot AIR in clearance between rolls to dry mincing plates and rule out sticking of minced particles to roll surface. Water is cleaned by circulation system consisting of, at least, two preliminary and final cleaning tanks equipped with water cleaning gauze filter.

EFFECT: simplified design and process.

8 cl, 3 dwg

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to the field of grinding and crushing in roller mills for the disposal of gunpowder and solid rocket propellants (TRT) rocket technology on a ballistic basis, for their subsequent processing into powder explosive mixtures (PVA) or in order to obtain fuel for boiler rooms.

State of the art

At present, a sufficient number of methods for the disposal or destruction of gunpowder and TRT have been developed and tested in practice using various devices for such processing.

A known method of eliminating bonded charges TRT with separable bottoms (patent RU 2165591, publ. 04/20/2001). The essence of this method lies in the fact that the elimination of the charge TRT, bonded to the housing with a detachable bottom, is produced by cutting it with a jet of water under pressure. First, the bottom is separated, then the body with the TPT charge is mounted on a special device and rotated. In the process of rotation, the charge of the TRT is ground with a stream of water by moving the grinding head at the open end of the charge. During the grinding of the TPT charge, the grinding head is rotated so that its cutting end is parallel to the inner surface of the body, and moved along this surface, removing the remains of the TPT. The resulting wet charge charge TRT is used as components for the manufacture of powder explosive mixtures (LAN) or destroyed by burning in an environmentally friendly furnace.

This method is carried out by a device known from the same patent, comprising a source of high pressure water, drive devices for rotating the housing with a charge of TRT and supplying water from the high pressure source to the body of the product, a waste water treatment unit, and a control system. The main elements of the device are the drive of rotation of the product and axially movable, with the possibility of changing the position of the cutting end, a grinding head having a channel inside for supplying water under pressure to the TRT charge cutoff.

The disadvantages of this device are:

- the need for special equipment that provides high-pressure water supply;

- the complexity of the technology for the elimination of charges of TRT, which consists in performing a sufficiently large number of operations (rotation of products, movement and rotation of the grinding head, etc.);

- high energy intensity of the process.

There is also known a method of eliminating charges TRT (patent RU 2143660, publ. 12/27/1999). The essence of this method lies in the fact that the charge TPT, bonded to the housing with an inseparable bottom, is installed on the rotation device and, during rotation, the pre-nozzle part of the housing is separated. Then, using the hydraulic cutting unit, the TRT charge is cut into parts in the form of wheels and then the fraction of the charge under the cut out ring of the body is crushed into crumbs. The resulting crumb of the charge, together with the water generated after the hydraulic cutting, is either used as components for the manufacture of PVA or burned in a furnace.

The same patent describes an apparatus for eliminating TPT charges. One of the main elements of the installation are the mechanisms of rotation and hydraulic cutting of TRT charges. Also in the installation there are systems for supplying pressurized water, waste water treatment and control.

The disadvantages of the device are:

- the need for complex and expensive equipment for high pressure water supply;

- low profitability and durability of the elements of the mechanisms of hydraulic cutting compared to mechanical cutting tools;

- the inability, using the hydraulic cutting method, to obtain the bulk of the TRT fractions with the specified geometric parameters necessary for the production of PVA;

- high energy intensity of the process of destruction of charges TRT by the method of hydraulic cutting.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention allows to solve the problem of safe and efficient disposal of TPT checkers, while the disposal of TPT checkers does not generate waste.

The problem is solved due to the fact that the device for crushing crumbs of solid rocket fuel checkers (TRT), according to the invention, is made in the form of a machine tool containing a frame made of metal sheets to form a bath for water, a multi-saw block is located in the upper part of the frame moreover, the multi-saw block is formed by at least one set of saws, placed partially or completely in the water bath, parallel to each other with gaps between them; above the multi-saw block there is a tube with nozzles for supplying water to the cutting zone of the multi-saw block, and in the front of the frame there is an axial feed mechanism with a drive for cutting at least one TPT block, made in the form of a conveyor belt consisting of an endless belt rotating around two rolls, one of which is driven, while on the tape, perpendicular to the direction of its movement, at equal intervals, inverted U-shaped profiled elements are fixed, with the horizon profile bent on each side shelves, with the formation between them of the Central channel for moving along it at least two inverted T-shaped spring-loaded clamps for fixing between them at least one piece, and each of the horizontal shelves of the clamp is made toothed, and can be moved relative to the corresponding horizontal flange of the inverted U-shaped element, also made of gear, for the possibility of rigid fixation of the clamps along the width of the tape depending on the diameter of the checker; wherein the device contains a node that controls the speed of the checker feed by the axial feed mechanism, and consisting of a first sensor that controls the speed of the axial feed mechanism, a second sensor that regulates the rotation speed of the multi-saw block, which is directly dependent on the speed of the checker feed by the axial feed mechanism, the multisaw block itself is equipped with a device for correcting the gap between the saws depending on the diameter of the checker, the dimensions of its central channel, as well as on the feed speed of the checker and the rotation speed I have the most multi-saw block, made in the form of a shaft of telescopic couplings located between adjacent saws in the set, with the possibility of changing the distance between the saws depending on the input signal of the second sensor coming in series or parallel to the displacement sensors located on each coupling, and the TRT checker during cutting it is fixed from lateral movements with the input die located in front of the multi-saw block and the output die located in the back of the multi-saw block; behind the outlet die there is a comb, which is a set of vertically placed metal plates designed to freely pass the TPT checker plates and prevent them from tilting during removal from the machine, in turn, a stopper is located in front of the comb in the central channel of the TPT checker plate, providing support for the overhang on top of the sawn-off plates of the TRT checker and excluding their cantilever hovering, leading to cracking of the not yet sawn part of the TRT checker; a pipeline is connected to the bottom of the water bath through which, with the help of a pumping unit for water withdrawal, water with the chips generated during cutting of the TPT block enters a centrifuge to separate the chips from water, with the possibility of further automatic receipt of the separated solid and liquid fractions, respectively, into the chip collection tank installed at the discharge window of the centrifuge and, through an additional pipeline and pumping unit for water withdrawal, into the water circulation system for fine cleaning, consisting of the above-mentioned tubes with nozzles, a water bath, a pumping unit for extracting water from a bath for a machine tool, as well as at least two tanks - preliminary and final cleaning, with a strainer of water purification placed inside each of them, and the tanks are connected in series, the pre-treatment tank contains two inlets and one outlet, and the final tank contains two outlets and one inlet, while, in addition to the main pipeline connecting the first inlet of the pre-treatment tank, and through outlet - with the inlet of the final cleaning tank and then, through the first outlet with the pumping unit, for the subsequent supply of purified water to the tube with nozzles, the tanks are connected by an additional return pipe connecting the second outlet of the final cleaning tank with the second inlet of the preliminary cleaning tank In addition, the first and second transmitting water analyzers are installed in the pre-filter tank before and after the strainer, respectively, and final cleaning tank - a third sensor analyzer, installed after passing the strainer water, configured to supply a control signal to valves made at each of the outlet openings of the final cleaning tank, depending on the degree of water purification, as well as supplying a signal to the first sensor, which, in the case of water circulation through an additional pipeline and a signal from the third sensor, is configured to supply a control signal to the corresponding valves installed on the input x openings of a tank of preliminary cleaning; In addition, the machine includes a pair of rolls rotating towards each other, equipped with a set of sharpened pins located on the outer cylindrical surface of the rolls for grinding the plates of the TRT checker, above which there is a fan for pumping hot air into the gap between the rollers to allow drying of the grinding plates and not adhesion of the crushed particles to the surface of the rolls, while the feed rate of the air flow is selected from the condition of minimum humidity of the crushed material at the outlet of the block and chopping.

It is advisable that the saws in the multi-saw block were made circular or in the form of longitudinal or transverse band saws.

The number of saws in a multi-saw block, preferably from 5 to 20 pieces.

The gap between the saws can be from 3 ÷ 25 mm.

According to the invention, it is preferred that the cork is made of polyethylene, polypropylene.

The inlet and outlet dies are metal plates 10–30 mm thick with a hole in the shape of the end projection of the TPT checker or sheet metal staples, curved in the shape of the upper part of the end projection of the checker, fixed to the machine frame with the possibility of quick replacement.

The chip extraction basket is made of sheet metal and has two mesh walls for water passage.

The height of the vertically placed comb plates should not be less than 50 mm, and the thickness not more than the thickness of the cut.

The distances between the saws in the set are also formed based on the dimensions of the central channel of the TRT checker.

The technical result achieved by the claimed invention is to simplify the design of the equipment, as well as its versatility, while reducing the number of technological operations necessary to grind the TPT pieces, while at the same time it is possible to grind the TPT pieces with a diameter of up to 300 mm into chips and chips.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where:

- figure 1 schematically shows the stages of grinding checkers TRT;

- figure 2 - the device of the machine for cutting checkers TRT on the plate;

- figure 3 is a closed process of using the working fluid in the filtration system of the machine for cutting checkers TRT on the plate.

The implementation of the invention

1 - checker TRT;

2 - sawn checker TRT;

3 - plate checkers TRT;

4 - baby TRT;

5 - frame of the machine for cutting checkers TRT;

6 - a bath for water;

7 - multi-saw block;

8 - plug for the central channel of the TRT checker;

9 - the central channel of the TRT checkers;

10 - axial feed mechanism checkers TRT;

11 - drive mechanism axial feed checkers TRT;

12 - rotation drive multisaw block;

13 - shaft drive rotation of the multi-saw block;

14 - pipe with nozzles for supplying water to the cutting zone of the machine for cutting checkers TRT;

15 - input die for fixing the TPT checkers during cutting;

16 - output die for fixing TRT checkers during cutting;

17 - comb;

18 - basket for the extraction of chips;

19 - pipe drain water from the bath of the machine for cutting checkers TRT;

20 - pump unit for taking water from the bath of the machine for cutting checkers TRT;

21 - crane sequential switching of water purification filters;

22 - tanks of water purification filters;

23 - mesh filter for water purification.

The essence of the method of grinding checkers TRT (figure 1) is to change their quality condition. From the whole TPT checker 1, first a sawn checker 2 is obtained, consisting of plates 3, and then the TPT 4 chips.

The cutting device is made in the form of a machine for cutting checkers TRT (figure 2), including a frame 5 in the form of a welded structure, on which are placed mechanisms that facilitate the implementation of the proposed method of grinding checkers TRT 1. Metal sheets of frame 5 form a bath 6 for water. In the upper part of the frame 5 there is a multi-saw block 7 located on the shaft 13 of the drive 12. The multi-saw block 7 is formed by at least one set of circular or other (for example, longitudinal, transverse, etc.) saws, in the amount of 5 to 20 pieces, partially or partially completely in the bath 6 for water parallel to each other with gaps between the saws from 3 to 25 mm.

The indicated numerical ranges of the number of saws, as well as the values of the gaps between them, are optimal for performing the operations of cutting the checker in one pass through the multi-saw block 7, since it is possible to pass the checker of large diameter (up to 300 mm or more) and the possibility of obtaining plates of 3 optimal sizes in thickness . The same reasons explain the speed of longitudinal feed of the pieces into the cutting zone, which is 60–600 mm / min, as well as the linear speed of the saw teeth 20–600 m / min. In addition, these ranges were chosen on the basis of the condition that the plates do not break or crack when the pieces are sawn.

The device contains a node (not shown in the drawings) that controls the feed speed of the checker by the axial feed mechanism and consists of a first sensor that controls the speed of the axial feed mechanism, a second sensor that controls the rotation speed of the multi-saw block, which is directly dependent on the feed speed of the checker by the axial feed mechanism . The multi-saw block is equipped with a device for correcting the gap between the saws depending on the diameter of the checker, the size of its central channel, as well as on the feed speed of the checker and the rotation speed of the multi-saw block, made in the form of a shaft from telescopic couplings located between adjacent saws in the set, with the possibility of changing the distance between the saws, depending on the input signal of the second sensor, arriving in series or in parallel to the displacement sensors located on each coupling.

Above the multi-saw block is a tube 14 with nozzles for supplying water to the cutting zone of the machine. In the front of the frame 5 is located the mechanism 10 of the axial feed checkers TPT 1 for cutting, the operation of which is provided by the drive 11.

The axial feed mechanism (this unit is not shown in the drawings) is made in the form of a conveyor belt consisting of an endless belt rotating around two rolls, one of which is driven. On the tape perpendicular to the direction of its movement, inverted U-shaped profiled elements are fixed at equal intervals, with horizontal shelves bent on each side inward of the profile, with the formation of a central channel between them for moving at least two inverted T-shaped spring-loaded clamps for fixing between them at least one piece. Each of the horizontal shelves of the clamp is gear and can be moved relative to the corresponding horizontal shelf of an inverted U-shaped element, also made of gear, for the possibility of rigid fixation of the clamps across the width of the tape depending on the diameter of the checker.

Checker TRT 1 during cutting is fixed from lateral movements with the input die 15 located in front of the multi-saw block 7 and the output die 16 located behind the multi-saw block 7. Behind the multi-saw block 7, behind the output die 16 there is a comb 11 designed for free passage of plates TPT 3 and preventing their tilting during removal from the machine, as in the event of an accidental rotation of the plate 3 can be caught by the teeth of the saws and pulled into the gap between the saws, which can lead to overload of the machine and its emergency stop application. In front of the comb 11, in the central channel 9 of the TPT checker 1, there is a plug 8, which provides support for the overhanging part of the TPT 3 sawn plates located on top and prevents their cantilever freezing, leading to cracking of the yet not sawed part of the TPT checker 1. The stopper 8 is made in the form of the central channel of the checker 9 TPT 1 and made of plastic or other material (for example, polyethylene, polypropylene, etc.). A pipeline is connected to the bottom of the water bath 6 through which, with the help of a pumping unit for water withdrawal, water with shavings generated during cutting of the TPT block enters a centrifuge to separate the shavings from water (not shown in the drawings), with the possibility of further automatic receipt of separated solid and liquid fractions, respectively, in a container for collecting chips, in the form of a basket 18, installed at the discharge window of the centrifuge, and, through an additional pipeline and pump unit for water withdrawal, into the circulating system water for fine cleaning. The basket 18 is made of sheet metal. A pipe 19 serves to drain water from the bath 6 into its circulation system. After cutting the drafts into the plates, the latter are fed to grind them into the gap between two rolls equipped with a set of sharpened pins (roll design not shown in the drawings) located on the outer cylindrical surface of the rolls. A fan is installed above the rolls (not shown in the drawings) for forcing hot air into the gap between the rolls so that the grinding plates can be dried and the crushed particles do not stick to the surface of the rolls, while the air flow rate is selected from the condition of the minimum moisture content of the crushed material at the outlet of the grinding unit .

Then TRT crumbs are collected and used for the production of powder explosive mixtures or for destruction.

Figure 3 characterizes the closed process of using the working fluid in the machine for cutting checkers TRT. The water circulation system of the machine for cutting checkers TRT consists of a pipe 14 with nozzles, a bath 6 for water, a pumping unit 20 for taking water from the bath 6 for the machine, as well as at least two tanks 22 - preliminary and final cleaning, located inside each of them with a strainer 23 for water purification, and a tap 21 for sequentially switching water purification filters.

Tanks 22 are connected in series, the preliminary cleaning tank contains two inlet openings and one outlet, and the final cleaning tank contains two output openings and one inlet (not shown in the drawings). In addition to the main pipeline connecting the first inlet of the pre-treatment tank, and through its outlet with the inlet of the final cleaning tank and then, through the first outlet with the pump unit, for the subsequent supply of purified water to the tube with nozzles, the tanks are connected by an additional return pipe connecting a second outlet of the final tank with a second inlet of the preliminary tank.

In the pre-filter tank before and after the strainer 23, respectively, the first and second sensors-analyzers (not shown) of the passing water are installed, and in the final tank - the third sensor-analyzer (not shown), installed after the water has passed mesh filter, configured to supply a control signal to valves (not shown in the drawings) made at each of the outlet openings of the final cleaning tank, depending on the degree of water purification, as well as by applying a signal to first sensor, which, in the case of additional water circulation conduit and the feed signal from the third sensor is arranged to supply a control signal to respective valves installed at inlets prefilter tank.

The technological complex implements the proposed method of grinding checkers TRT as follows.

The TRT checker 1, intended for grinding, is placed on the cutting machine and is pushed by the pusher (not shown) of the axial feed mechanism 10. The drives 11 and 12 are turned on, and the axial feed of the TPT checker 1 into the cutting zone and the saw blades 7 rotate . In the cutting zone, the TPT checker 1 is cut into plates 3. The inlet 15 and output 16 of the die and comb 11 prevent the transverse movement of the TPT checker 1 and its TPT plates 3. The water coming from the tube 14 with nozzles enters the plates 3 and through them in bath 6 for water. Further, by means of a pumping unit for water withdrawal, water with chips enters a centrifuge to separate the chips from water. The solid fraction enters the chip collection tank, in the form of a basket 18, installed at the discharge window of the centrifuge, and the liquid fraction, through an additional pipeline and pumping unit 20 for water extraction, into the water circulation system for fine cleaning. From there, water through a mesh filter 23 of water purification enters the bathtub of the machine and, with the help of a pumping unit, enters again into the tube 14 with nozzles. The cut TPT 3 plates are then fed for crushing. Using a system of two filters in a filter unit allows them to be cleaned without stopping the machine for cutting powder drafts by successive switching of filters with a crane.

Tests of the proposed method for grinding TPT checkers and the technological complex for its implementation were carried out with the disposal of single-channel checkers made of ballistic TPT brand RSI-12K. The cross-sectional shape of the checker is a segment, the weight of one checker is about 10 kg. Using a machine for cutting checkers TRT, plates TPT were obtained with a thickness of 7-10 mm along the length of the checkers. Then, by crushing, a fraction of 10 × 15 × 20 mm was obtained. The productivity of the machine was about 200 kg / h.

Claims (8)

1. A device for crushing crumbs of solid rocket fuel checkers (TRT), characterized in that the device is made in the form of a machine tool containing a frame made of metal sheets with the formation of a bath for water, in the upper part of the frame there is a multi-saw block, and a multi-saw block formed by at least one set of saws placed partially or completely in the water bath, parallel to each other with gaps between them; above the multi-saw block there is a tube with nozzles for supplying water to the cutting zone of the multi-saw block, and in the front of the frame there is an axial feed mechanism with a drive for cutting at least one TPT block, made in the form of a conveyor belt consisting of an endless belt rotating around two rolls, one of which is driven, while on the tape, perpendicular to the direction of its movement, inverted U-shaped shaped elements are fixed at equal intervals with horizontal bent on each side inward of the profile shelves with the formation between them of the Central channel for moving along it at least two inverted T-shaped spring-loaded clamps for fixing between them at least one piece, and each of the horizontal shelves of the clamp is gear and can be moved relative to the corresponding a horizontal shelf of an inverted U-shaped element, also made of a gear, for the possibility of rigid fixation of the clamps along the width of the tape, depending on the diameter of the checker; wherein the device contains a node that controls the speed of supply of the checker by the axial feed mechanism and consisting of a first sensor that controls the speed of the axial feed mechanism, a second sensor that regulates the rotation speed of the multi-saw block, which is directly dependent on the speed of feed of the checker by the axial feed mechanism, while the multi-saw block is equipped with a device for correcting the gap between the saws depending on the diameter of the checker, the dimensions of its central channel, as well as on the feed speed of the checker and the rotation speed the multi-saw block, made in the form of a shaft of telescopic couplings located between adjacent saws in the set, with the possibility of changing the distance between the saws depending on the input signal of the second sensor, arriving in series or in parallel to the displacement sensors located on each coupling, and the TRT checker the cutting progress is fixed from lateral movements with the input die located in front of the multi-saw block and the output die located in the back of the multi-saw block; behind the outlet die there is a comb, which is a set of vertically placed metal plates designed to freely pass the TPT checker plates and prevent them from tilting during removal from the machine, in turn, a stopper is located in front of the comb in the central channel of the TPT checker plate, providing support for the overhang on top of the sawn-off plates of the TRT checker and excluding their cantilever hovering, leading to cracking of the not yet sawn part of the TRT checker; in the lower part of the frame, to the lower part of the water bath, a pipeline is connected through which, by means of a pump, water with shavings generated during cutting of the TPT block enters a centrifuge to separate the shavings from water with the possibility of further automatic receipt of the separated solid and liquid fractions, respectively , into the chip collection tank installed at the centrifuge discharge window, and through an additional pipeline, into the water circulation system, for its fine cleaning, consisting of the aforementioned tube with nozzles, in anne for water, a pumping unit for taking water from the bath for the machine, as well as at least two tanks - preliminary and final cleaning, with a strainer of water purification placed inside each of them, moreover, the tanks are connected in series, the pre-treatment tank contains two input openings and one outlet, and the final cleaning tank - two outlets and one inlet, while in addition to the main pipeline connecting the first inlet of the pre-treatment tank, and through its outlet to the inlet the final cleaning tank and then, through the first outlet with the pumping unit, for the subsequent supply of purified water to the tube with nozzles, the tanks are connected by an additional return pipe connecting the second outlet of the final cleaning tank to the second inlet of the pre-treatment tank, in addition, in the tank of preliminary cleaning before and after the strainer, respectively, the first and second sensors-analyzers of passing water are installed, and in the tank of final cleaning - the third sensor an IR analyzer installed after passing through the water of the strainer, configured to supply a control signal to the valves made on each of the outlet openings of the final cleaning tank, depending on the degree of water purification, as well as supplying a signal to the first sensor, which, in case of circulation water through an additional pipeline and the signal from the third sensor is configured to supply a control signal to the corresponding valves installed on the inlet openings of the pre-treatment tank ; In addition, the machine includes a pair of rolls rotating towards each other, equipped with a set of sharpened pins located on the outer cylindrical surface of the rolls for grinding the TPT checker plates, over which a fan is installed to pump hot air into the gap between the rollers to allow drying of the grinding plates and non-sticking crushed particles to the surface of the rolls, while the air flow rate is selected from the condition of minimum moisture content of the crushed material at the outlet of the block and grinding the. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the saws in the multi-saw block are made circular or in the form of longitudinal or transverse band saws. 3. The device according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the number of saws in the multi-saw block is from 5 to 20 pieces. 4. The device according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the gap between the saws is from 3 ÷ 25 mm. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the cork is made of polyethylene, polypropylene. 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the input and output dies are metal plates with a thickness of 10 ÷ 30 mm with a hole in the shape of the end projection of the checker plate TRT or staples made of sheet metal, curved in the shape of the upper part of the end projection of the checker, fixed to machine frame with quick change. 7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the height of the vertically placed comb plates is not less than 50 mm, and the thickness is not more than the thickness of the cut. 8. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a tap for sequentially switching water purification filters.

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