RU2448913C2 - Bioenergetical complex ''biocheck'' - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to treatment of wastes by biological treatment. Proposed complex comprises integrated gas-turbine electric power station (GTEPS) and raw stock gasification system (RSGS) arranged in heated enclosed space. RSGS comprises module of waste disposal plants (WDP) for hydrophytologic waste processing by aquatic vegetation, module of gaseous bio fuel production (MBF) and RSGS control unit (CU). WDP comprises, at least, one settler and, at least, one bio pond with surface free-floating solute higher macro vegetation (HMV), i.e. water hyacinth (Eichhornia). MBF comprises HMV biomass mincer, homogeniser and, at least, one anaerobic digester for raw stock gasification with production of bio gas-methane. Settler outlet makes wastes feed inlet into bioenergetical complex. Settler first outlet is communicated via pipeline with homogeniser first inlet. Settler second outlet is communicated with bio pond. Outlet of the latter is communicated via pipeline and mincer with homogeniser second inlet. Homogeniser outlet is communicated via pipeline with anaerobic digester inlet. Said anaerobic digester is used for heating RSGS premise. CU data and control inputs-outputs are connected with those of all RSGS assemblies. Outlet of anaerobic digester is communicated via compressor and gas holder by methane gas pipeline with inlet of GTEPS. Output of RSGS is connected with inputs of RSGS power consuming equipment. Outlet of exhaust flue gases is communicated with RSGS additional heat supply unit supplying heat for bio pond as well.

EFFECT: deep treatment of contaminated effluents irrespective of season, higher efficiency and reliability.

5 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of waste processing through their biological treatment and can be used in the design and construction of engineering structures for industrial or agricultural special purposes.

The well-known traditional technologies for waste disposal through thermal processing [7, p. 314] and biological treatment [7, p. 49] have recently received innovative development, especially in the field of biological treatment of industrial and domestic wastewater [1-5].

So, in the well-known installation [3] of biological wastewater treatment, containing a sump (mechanical separation of contaminated water) and an aerotank, devices for rational mixing of wastewater with activated sludge in an aerotank were used to improve the quality and productivity of treatment. A fairly high degree of wastewater treatment is shown by treatment systems (see, for example, [2, 5]), which include biological ponds planted with higher aquatic plants (WWR) in addition to sedimentation tanks.

The greatest efficiency, confirmed by the extensive practice of application [6], is given by biological structures [1, 4], which include a combination of reservoirs planted with WWR and shallow biological ponds, the surface of which is populated by freely floating non-rooting WWR (duckweed, multi-root, Eichhornia water hyacinth). As a rule, such reservoirs [1, 4, 5] with VVR are made in the form of open water basins, therefore, their use is limited at low temperatures, and the creation of heated greenhouses at treatment plants for their year-round operation is generally considered to be costly.

One of the last known patented technical solutions is a wastewater treatment plant [1], which contains a group of interconnected reservoirs and means for hydrobotanical treatment of water with aquatic vegetation, which are made in the form of a separate reservoir with Eichornia WWR as aquatic vegetation. With this technology [1], the year-round treatment of contaminated water is ensured by a periodic (seasonal) change of traditional physico-mechanical means of water treatment during the non-vegetative period of WWR to biological water treatment means by Eichornia WWR during the growing season with a corresponding reconfiguration of the water circulation in the treatment plant. Thus, the technology [1] focuses on the established [6] exceptional adsorption properties and abilities of Eichornia VVR, which is one of the most active types of VVR, for water purification (absorption of pollution), for the processing of silt deposits, for the suppression of painful bacteria and microorganisms to accelerate the decomposition of petroleum products, the accumulation of heavy metals.

The technology [1] is specific, but, taking into account the properties of Eichhornia as an absorber, it does not use, however, its unique capabilities as a producer of biogas.

Thus, the main obstacle to the wide year-round use of the tropical heat-loving plant Eichornia in the middle latitudes is the impossibility of its use when the temperature drops in the autumn-winter period (below 16 ° C), since the creation of warm reservoirs for the effective functioning of VVR is complex and costly and can be advisable only in special conditions when the optimal complex criterion of production (process) is met “complexity - cost - efficiency” (max. effective efficiency with acceptable complexity and cost).

Taking into account this complex criterion, the problem of year-round use of Eichornia’s WWR outside tropical zones (middle latitudes) can be solved using the properties of Eichhornia not only as a water purifier and absorber of pollutants and silt (a destructor of organic and non-oxidized mineral compounds), but also when implementing a unique property of this WWR as a highly effective symbiont of methane-forming bacteria, the process of which is accompanied by spontaneous self-heating of a mixture of waste and biomass of WWR Eichornia. Taking into account the well-known technologies [1, 2, etc.], which are analogues of the proposed technical solution in terms of waste treatment, and the introduction of a new conceptual approach to waste treatment with the simultaneous production of biogas-methane, a self-sufficient autonomous complex “treatment plant - power unit” can be created without external power consumption.

The essence of the invention consists in the creation of a complex (special name: BioCHEK Bioenergy complex) that implements a pioneer, unparalleled technology year-round regardless of the climatic zone of deep biological processing of wastewater, sludge and other waste contaminants with a self-sufficient treatment plant for autonomous operation the production of electric and thermal energy, which is provided by biogas-methane generated by the interaction of Eichornia WWR biomass with waste water bubbled water and / or industrial and household waste.

The main technical result of the invention is the synergistic effect of year-round deep biological processing of waste while producing electric and thermal energy sufficient for the autonomous operation of the complex and transfer it to an external consumer. The closed highly ecological uninterrupted production using Eichornia VVR, regardless of the climatic zone and ambient temperature, accelerates the process of eliminating pollution and bacterial decomposition of oil products, suppresses pathogenic bacteria and microorganisms, provides the most complete extraction of heavy metals, and thereby allows to achieve the optimal criterion for the functioning of the complex “complexity - cost is efficiency. ”

The technical result in the proposed bioenergy complex "BioCHEC" is achieved as follows.

The bioenergy complex is characterized by the fact that it contains a set of interconnected gas turbine thermal power plants (GTES) and a raw gasification system (GHS) located in a closed room under a warm roof, which includes a series-connected module of treatment facilities (MOS) for hydro-botanical waste treatment, including sewage water and / or sludge, aquatic vegetation, the module for the production of gaseous biofuel-biogas (PGM), as well as the GHS control and monitoring unit (BUK). In this case, the MOC module contains at least one sedimentation tank and at least one biopond, the surface of which is populated by freely floating non-rooting higher aquatic plants - macrophytes (WWR), for example, water hyacinth (Eichornia), and the PGM module contains a WWR biomass grinder , homogenizer and at least one digester for gasification of raw materials to produce biogas-methane. Moreover, the entrance of the sump is the input of waste to the bioenergy complex, the first outlet of the sump through a pipeline is connected to the first input of the homogenizer, the second outlet of the sump is connected to the biopond, the output of which is connected through a pipeline through the WWR biomass grinder to the second input of the homogenizer, the output of which is connected by a pipe to the inlet of the digester used for heating the GHS located under the warm roof, the information and control inputs and outputs of the BUK are connected to the corresponding inform control inputs and outputs of all GHS units, and the methane output through the compressor and gas tank is connected by a biogas-methane gas pipeline to the GTES input, which has an electric output connected to the inputs of the power consumption equipment in the GHS, and an exhaust flue gas output connected to an additional heat supply unit GHS, including biopond heating.

In specific cases of the complex, the number of sedimentation tanks and biological ponds of the sewage treatment plant module, as well as the number of digesters of the PGM module of biogas-methane production is two or more.

The difference of the complex is that the homogenizer of the PGM module is made with the possibility of homogenizing sludge and other waste with crushed Eichornia WWR biomass in a mass ratio of 1: 1.

In addition, the complex is characterized in that the digester of the PGM module is configured to provide a sludge and other waste mixture with crushed biomass ECHORNIA during processing of a high-temperature methane formation process at a temperature of 70 to 90 ° С.

At the same time, a gas turbine power plant has additional electricity and heat outputs for consumption plants external to the GHS.

The essence of the technical solution is illustrated by a drawing depicting a block diagram of the bioelectric complex "BioCHEK", where the following notation is used:

1 - gas turbine power plant (GTES);

2 - a system of gasification of raw materials (GHS), placed indoors under a warm roof;

3 - module sewage treatment plants for hydro-botanical waste treatment;

4 - module for the production of gaseous biofuel-biogas (PGM);

5 - block control and monitoring (BUK) GHS;

6 - sedimentation tanks;

7 - biological ponds, the surface of which is populated by WWII Eichornia;

8 - chopper biomass VVR;

9 - homogenizer;

10 - digesters for the production of biogas-methane;

11 - compressor;

12 - gas holder;

13 - GTES electricity output for power consumption equipment in the GHS;

14 - exit flue gas for heat supply of the GHS and heating the biopond 7;

15, 16 - additional outputs of electric and thermal energy of GTES to external consumption units.

The work of the bioenergy complex "BioCHEC" is as follows.

Waste water and activated sludge are delivered to the entrances of the settling tanks 6 of the MOS 3 module. Sumps 6 of the complex can be secondary to external (primary) sumps of treatment facilities, irrigation fields, road drains, silt sites, oil treatment landfills, etc. (see [7, p. 356]). In sedimentation tanks 6, under the influence of gravity, sedimentation of impurities (contaminants) occurs at low flow rates. From the outflows of the settlers 6, the effluent enters the biological ponds 7, the surface of which is populated by floating non-rooting Eichornia WWR, where an intensive process of destruction of organic and non-oxidized mineral compounds contained in contaminated waters takes place. At the same time, Eichornia’s WWR, absorbing pollution, quickly increase their biomass [6], which is fed to the grinder 8 and then to the homogenizer 9, which also receives activated sludge from settling tanks 6. After mixing in the homogenizer 9, sludge and other wastes with ground biomass Eichornia VVR, preferably in a mass ratio of 1: 1, the mixture enters the digesters 10 of module 4 for the production of biogas-methane. Due to the unique properties of Eichornia VVR as a symbiont of methane forming bacteria, in digesters 10, an intensive process of methane formation and accumulation takes place (up to 60% of biochilin and Eichornia VVR biomass and methane are processed into methane), which is accompanied by spontaneous self-heating of a mixture of wastes and crushed Eichornia mass to a temperature of 70 to 90 ° FROM. As industrial tests show, the average temperature of self-heating of the digester 10 in the process of methane formation is 78-80 ° С, which is quite enough for heating the room where the GHS 2, settling tanks 6 and biological ponds 7 are located, and creating greenhouse conditions (pseudotropic climate) for intensive development and mass growth of ECHORNIA VVR. Block 5 of the BUK serves to control the operation of the GHS 2 and to monitor the current parameters of all GHS nodes (temperature in bio ponds 7, degree of filling of the homogenizer 9 and digesters 10, temperatures of digesters, volume of accumulated methane, etc.).

The methane produced in the digesters 10 is pumped through a compressor 11 to a gas tank 12, where it is accumulated and then fed to the inlet of a gas turbine thermal power station GTES 1. At the same time, the generated electricity from the outlet 13 of the GTES 1 provides the power consumption equipment of SGS 2, including a grinder 8, a homogenizer 9, a system lighting and ventilation, etc., and is also used to supply external electrical installations from exit 15. The flue gases leaving as a heat carrier, from exit 14 of GTPP 1 can provide additional GHG 2 heat supply, or from exit 16 - heat supply to external consumers. At the same time, digester 10 is used as the main heat source for creating greenhouse conditions in GHS 2, and heat supply to GHS 2 from outlet 14 of GTPP 1 is reserve and can be used with a significant decrease in ambient temperature or in high latitudes with a harsh climate.

The proposed technical solution, unlike the known technologies, allows to realize the technical result of optimizing the complex criterion “complexity - cost - efficiency”, i.e. to achieve high efficiency with acceptable complexity and minimal cost of work due to the synergy of year-round deep biological waste processing with simultaneous production of electric and thermal energy, sufficient for the autonomous operation of the BioCHEK complex and transfer it to an external consumer.

INFORMATION SOURCES

1. RU 47349 U1,27.08.2005.

2. RU 2200802 C1, 03.20.2003.

3. RU 2114793 C1.10.07.1998.

4. RU 2137884 C1, 09/20/1999.

5. RU 49526 U1. 11/27/2005.

6. Information review of the method of water purification (post-treatment) using Eichornia (water hyacinth). Timeline: Eichornia in the central press, on central television. © 1999-2009 webmaster: http://www.essentuki.com.

7. New Polytechnical Dictionary / Ed. A.Yu. Ishlinsky. -M .: Great Russian Encyclopedia. 2003 .-- 671 p.

Claims (5)

1. Bioenergy complex, characterized in that it contains a set of interconnected gas turbine power plants (GTES) and a raw gasification system (GHS) located in a closed room under a warm roof, which includes a series of treatment plants (MOS) for hydro-botanical waste treatment, in including wastewater and / or sludge, aquatic vegetation, the module for the production of gaseous biofuel-biogas (PGM), as well as the GHS control and monitoring unit (BUK), while m MOS contains at least one sedimentation tank and at least one biological pond, the surface of which is populated by freely floating non-rooting higher aquatic plants - macrophytes (WWR), for example, water hyacinth Eichornia, and MPG contains a WWR biomass grinder, a homogenizer, and, at least one digester for gasification of raw materials to produce biogas-methane, the input of the sump being the input of the waste to the bioenergy complex, the first outlet of the sump through a pipeline connected to the first input of homogenization ator, the second outlet of the sump is connected to the biopond, the outlet of which is connected through a pipeline through the VVR biomass grinder to the second input of the homogenizer, the outlet of which is connected by a pipe to the inlet of the digester used for heating the GHS installed under the warm roof, the information and control inputs and outputs of the BUK are connected to the corresponding information and control inputs and outputs of all GHS units, and the methane output through the compressor and gas tank is connected by a biogas-methane gas pipeline to the GTES input, which has Exit electricity connected to the inputs of a power consumption of equipment in the GHS, and the output of exhaust flue gases, coupled with the additional installation of GHS heating, including heating bioponds. 2. The bioenergy complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of sedimentation tanks and biological ponds of the MOC, as well as the number of PGM digesters, is two or more. 3. The bioenergy complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the PGM homogenizer is configured to homogenize sludge and other wastes with crushed Eichornia VVR biomass in a weight ratio of 1: 1. 4. The bioenergy complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the MPG digester is capable of providing a high-temperature methane formation process at a temperature of from 70 to 90 ° C during processing of a mixture of sludge and other waste with ground Eichornia VVR biomass. 5. The bioenergy complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas turbine power plant has additional electricity and heat outputs for consumption installations external to the GHS.