RU2284967C1 - Bioenergetic installation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; bioenergetic installations for processing organic waste materials of the farm-production in the anoxic conditions.

SUBSTANCE: the invention is pertaining to the field of agriculture, in particular, to the installations for processing organic waste materials of the farm-production in then anoxic conditions and may be used for production of the biogas. The bioenergetic installation contains: the methane-tank with the water jacket, the heat insulation, the stirrer, the loading and unloading connecting pipes, the pipe ducts of the biogas feeding and the gas-holder. The installation is supplied with the helio-collector, the electrical water-heater and the Sterling engine in the form of the thermomechanical generator with the biogas burner, which is arranged on the side of the engine bottom and connected to the pipe duct for feeding of the biogas from the gas-holder. In the Sterling engine the heat energy of the biogas burning in the biogas burner is converted into the electric power and used for heating of the biomass fermented in the methane-tank up to the necessary temperature and provision of the continuous operation of the system in the periods of absence of the solar energy-radiation{sunlight}. The invention ensures the stand-alone power supply of the local customers in the rural area with the combined utilization of the solar energy and the power of the biomass.

EFFECT: the invention ensures the stand-alone power supply of the local customers in the rural area with the combined utilization of the solar energy and the power of the biomass.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, and in particular to installations for the processing of organic agricultural waste under anaerobic conditions, and can be used for the production of biogas from organic waste.

A known installation for the production of biogas from organic waste, in particular, providing for the use of solar energy for heating a fermentable substrate, containing a digester, solar collectors, heat exchangers, a gas holder, compressor, valves, a boiler, pumps, a sump and control valves (Amerkhanov R.A., Bessarab A.S., Draganov B.Kh., Rudobashta S.P., Shishko G.G. Thermal power plants and agricultural systems. - M .: Kolos-Press, 2002, p. 269, Fig. 11.51).

Also known is a bioenergy complex containing a digester, a solar energy collector, a fermented mass heater (AS USSR No. 1745707, BI No. 25, 1992).

Known bioenergy complex using solar energy for heating fermentable biomass, containing a digester with a biomass loading and unloading system, a solar collector with pipelines (AS USSR No. 1527191, 07/06/1987).

The closest in technical essence to the proposed installation is a bioenergy installation containing a digester with a water jacket, heat insulation, stirrer, loading and unloading pipes, pipelines for biogas removal, an electric heater, pipelines for supplying biogas and a gas holder (AS No. 1733407, MKI S 02 F 11/04, published 05/15/1992).

A disadvantage of the known bioenergy complex is the impossibility of providing stable heating of the fermented substrate and ensuring a guaranteed minimum power supply to local energy consumers in the absence of a centralized source of electrical energy, since the amount of heat entering the earth with solar radiation fluctuates sharply depending on local climatic conditions.

The objective of the invention is to provide stable heating of the fermentable substrate and a guaranteed minimum of autonomous power supply to local consumers in the absence of a centralized source of electrical energy.

As a result of the use of the present invention, the efficiency and reliability of a bioenergy plant for producing biogas in the absence of a centralized source of electric energy are increased, it becomes possible to directly convert the thermal energy of the biogas burned into electrical energy and to ensure a guaranteed minimum energy supply for local consumers.

The above technical result is achieved in that a bioenergy installation containing a digester with a water jacket, heat insulation, mixer, loading and unloading pipes, pipelines for biogas removal, an electric heater, biogas supply pipes and a gas holder, is equipped with a solar collector, an electric heater and a Stirling engine with a biogas burner located on the bottom side of the engine, which is connected to a pipeline for supplying biogas from the gas tank, at the same time, in the Stirling engine, the thermal energy of the biogas burned in the biogas burner is converted into electrical energy and is used to heat the biomass fermented in the digester to the required temperature and to ensure continuous operation of the system during periods when there is no solar radiation.

Electricity generated by the Stirling engine in the form of a thermomechanical generator is partially used to heat the digester through an electric water heater, the rest of the generated electric energy is used to ensure a guaranteed minimum power supply to local consumers.

The invention is illustrated in figure 1 and figure 2.

Figure 1 presents the technological scheme of an autonomous power plant for biogas and electric energy.

Figure 2 presents the design of a thermomechanical generator - a Stirling engine in combination with a biogas burner.

The installation comprises a gas holder 1, a biogas discharge pipe 2, a digester 3 with a water jacket 4, a mixer 5 and heat insulation 6, a loading 7 and an unloading 8 pipes, an accumulator tank 9 and a hot water valve 10, a flat solar collector 11, water pipelines 12 and 13, an electric water heater 14, a biogas burner 15 and a biogas supply pipe 16, a Stirling engine 17 and an electrical connection system 18.

The Stirling engine, which is a heat engine, is made in the form of a thermomechanical generator, which, in contrast to the conventional Stirling engine with working and displacement pistons (O. Kudrin, Solar high-temperature space power propulsion systems. Edited by V.P. Belyakov. - M .: Engineering, 1987. - 248 p.) Has the following features:

- the lack of a crank mechanism and the complete isolation of both ends of the cylinder, since the unit does not contain either connecting rods or any other levers associated with the pistons;

- the working piston is replaced by a metal diaphragm.

The design of a thermomechanical generator used in a bioenergy installation in combination with a biogas burner is shown in FIG. 2. and contains a radiator 19, windings 20 and an armature 21 of the generator, a diaphragm 22, a spring 23, a cylinder 24, a displacer 25, a cooling coil 26 and a biogas burner 27.

The working cycle of the thermomechanical generator is completely identical to the cycle of the Stirling engine with the working and displacement pistons, except that here the displacer 25 is driven by a spring 23 located between it and the cylinder body 24. The closed metal cylinder containing the working body of the engine is heated from the bottom biogas burner 27 and is cooled from the outside of the diaphragm 22 located in the upper part of the cylinder, a cooling coil 26 with a radiator 19. The metal diaphragm 22 manufactured stainless steel and installed in the thermomechanical generator instead of the working piston, moves in the cylinder 24 up and down. This diaphragm oscillates under the influence of the changing pressure of the working fluid in the cylinder. An anchor (permanent magnet) 21 is rigidly connected to the diaphragm, which oscillates in the winding 20 of the generator, generating an electric current. The need to install a spring to actuate the displacer is due to the fact that the diaphragm oscillates with an amplitude not exceeding a few millimeters. The action of the spring connected to the displacer allows the system to resonate vibrations at a frequency equal to the natural frequency of the system. The oscillation frequency is regulated by the selection of the spring and moving masses, which allows you to "tune" to any frequency in the power supply system.

The bioenergy installation according to the technological scheme presented in figure 1, is as follows.

The original biomass in the form of organic animal waste through a loading pipe 7 is loaded into a digester 3 with a water jacket 4, a mixer 5 and thermal insulation 6.

The required temperature regime of the process of anaerobic methane digestion of biomass in the digester 3 is provided by solar radiation energy converted into thermal energy in the solar collector 11: the water heated in the solar collector 11 and accumulated in the storage tank 9 through the hot water valve 10 and the water pipe 12 enters the water jacket 4 digester 3.

In the process of anaerobic bacterial destruction of organic biomass substances in digester 3, biogas is released, which enters and accumulates in the gas tank 1 through the biogas exhaust pipe 2.

Further, the biogas produced is disposed of: part of the biogas produced is used by direct combustion in household gas heating appliances; part of it goes, as necessary, during periods when there is no solar radiation, through a pipeline for supplying biogas 16 for combustion in a biogas burner 15 located on the side of the bottom of the Stirling engine 17. In the Stirling engine in the form of a thermomechanical generator, the thermal energy of the biogas burned in a biogas burner is converted into electrical energy. Thus obtained electrical energy through an electric heater 14 and water pipelines 13 is used to heat the biomass fermented in the digester to the required temperature and maintain it in a constant mode. Further, the process of generation and use of biogas and electricity continues, as described above.

Given that at present, in the context of the high cost of production and distribution of electricity, local fuel and energy resources are of particular interest, the use of a bioenergy plant with a Stirling engine in the form of a thermomechanical generator can significantly increase the energy supply level of consumers in the absence of a centralized energy supply.

Claims (1)

A bioenergy installation containing a digester with a water jacket, thermal insulation, a stirrer, loading and unloading pipes, biogas pipelines and a gas holder, characterized in that it is equipped with a solar collector, an electric water heater and a Stirling engine in the form of a thermomechanical generator with a biogas burner located on the engine bottom connected to the pipeline for supplying biogas from the gas tank, while in the Stirling engine the thermal energy of the biogas burned in the biogas burner eobrazovyvaetsya into electrical energy and used to heat the fermentation biomass into the digester to the desired temperature and to ensure continuous operation of the system during periods of absence Incoming solar radiation.

Images