RU2447514C1 - Method of object control by serial code - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: information technology.

SUBSTANCE: method is implemented by means of object control start till completing process of full code receiving, in this process, order of significance of transmitted bits is changed versus international standards i.e. transmission begins from more significant bits of code. Additional actions comprise predicting code value till completion of its receiving which in average increases speed. Suggested method can become common use in tasks of object control via simple communication lines including ever increasingly used digital networks, and the greatest effect will be achieved by the method implementation in its integral form.

EFFECT: higher accuracy and speed of digital data transmission systems operation and control of multiple objects, higher information value of control instructions transmission to multiple control objects with preset reliability.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of a data transmission system, to telemechanics and for controlling various continuous technological processes, machines and robots, and can be used in the automation of technological processes, for example, in high-speed data processing systems, control systems with the transmission of signals from controllers and from sensors of controlled parameters in a variety of digital codes directly to control objects or to their regulators, mainly through a single-wire communication line, one radio channel l, as well as in a multi-link in the network.

Almost all modern data transmission systems in general and their control of objects in particular use a serial data transmission channel via wire, optical fiber, and radio channel. Direct transmission of information through its wire (from the button to the relay coil) is maintained in older automation systems. The methods of transmitting information by serial code are legalized by international standards (RS-232, RS-432, RS-455, network options ProfiBus, etc.). Textbooks are written for these standards (1. Venediktov MD, Delta Modulation. Theory and Application / M.D. Venediktov, Yu.P. Zhenevsky, VVMarkov, G.S. Eidus. - M .: Communication , 1976. - 272 s; 2. Volovich GI Circuitry of analog and analog-digital electronic devices. - M .: Dodeka - XXI, 2005. - 528 s. See p. 462), integrated circuits KR580 BB51 for RS-232 (3. RU 2066882 C1, G08C 15/06, decl. 08.16.1993, publ. 06.20.1996) and standard modems. The transmitted code can be multi-bit (3), single-bit in many variants of delta modulation (2).

A known method of transmitting a serial code with an innovation on transmission multiplexing, simplifying the addressing of codes mixed in one wire for many objects (subscribers), increasing transmission noise immunity, taking into account the specifics of subscribers (4. RU 2042183 C1, IPC G01F 3/00, G05B 23/02, Dec. 23.03.1993, publ. 08.20.1995). In this method, as well as in international standards for the transmission of information by a serial code, the input control signals of each object are converted into their own digital code, the codes of the objects are mixed in the selected order of bit precedence, mainly the least significant bits ahead, transmitted by a serial code over the communication line, fixed him, redistribute fully restored codes between the corresponding objects and manage them. The disadvantage of this method is the low speed, which increases the accuracy decreases.

Known methods are widely used in networks, including for transmitting data in floating point format, in which the transmitted bits are collected in groups: characteristic and number mantissa. At the same time, the noted shortcomings remain.

Closest to the proposed one is a data transmission method, a transmission device and a data reception device for multimedia objects (display and speakers) due to the practical coincidence of the transmission and reception devices of the proposed method and the known (5. RU 2372741 C2, IPC H04L 29/02, G09G 5/12, claimed May 16, 2007, published November 10, 2009, FIG. 26). In the known method, the input control signals of each object are converted into their own digital code, the codes of the objects are mixed in the selected order of bit precedence, mainly the least significant bits in front, they are transmitted by a serial code over the communication line, they are fixed, redistributed completely restored codes between the corresponding objects and controlled.

The disadvantage of this method is the low speed, which increases the accuracy decreases.

The invention is based on a technical problem - improving the accuracy and speed of managing objects by increasing the accuracy and speed of the digital data transmission system and managing multiple objects.

This problem is solved by the fact that the method of controlling objects by a serial code, in which the input control signals of each object are converted into their own digital code, mix the codes of the objects in the selected order, transmit them with a serial code over the communication line in the selected order of rank bits, receive a serial code after the line communication, fix it, redistribute between the corresponding objects and manage them, characterized by the fact that before mixing each digital code is divided into individual hours a layer of parts, the sizes between the full code and zero bits, mix these parts of the codes of different objects in order of precedence of the parts of the codes of different objects and bits in them, and not according to the numbers of objects, transmit in the specified order, after receiving and redistributing their parts of the codes between objects immediately feed them to their objects and control them, without waiting for full codes of input control signals.

Additionally, after the object receives the high part of the code and matches it with the same high part of the code from the previous transmission, the low part of the previous code is saved and immediately used to control the object, and if there is a mismatch, the low part is changed so that the absolute change in the number between the previous and new complete codes were minimal, and also immediately manipulate the object.

Improving performance is achieved by starting the management of the facilities until the completion of the process of obtaining the complete code, while changing the order of seniority of the transmitted bits in comparison with international standards.

Additional actions are essentially predicting the value of the code until the completion of its receipt, which on average still improves performance.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 shows a diagram of an implementation of a method of controlling two objects with a serial code; figure 2 shows diagrams explaining the known (a-d) method and one of the options of the proposed (a, w) method for transmitting and receiving two identical constant signals over a common serial channel.

The two-channel example implementation of the method of FIG. 1 contains sources 1, 2 of input control signals (Bx ₁ Bx ₂ in FIG. 2) at the inputs of analog-to-digital converters (ADC) 3, 4 at the inputs of transmitter 5. The transmitter is connected to receiver 6 by communication line 7 and an explicit or implicit line of synchronizing signals (Sync words and bits). Two code outputs of the receiver Q ₁ and Q _{2 are} connected to digital-to-analog converters (DACs) 8, 9. Various control objects 10 and 11 with output coordinates 12 and 13 are connected to the DAC outputs. Control objects 10 and 11 can be final actuators, for example, heaters, motor windings or their regulators, but can also be digital devices, for example, computers for processing the information received. In Fig. 1, objects for specificity are represented by chains of aperiodic links with a time constant T. The method allows for asynchronous implementation (when there is no explicit synchronization line, but dividing synchronization bits are additionally supplied via communication line 7) and synchronous with this line. In any case, the operation of the ADC and DAC is synchronized with the transmitter and receiver of word distributors 14 and 15.

To clarify the advantages of the proposed method, a description of the known method in the dynamics and its disadvantages. Let at time t = 0 in FIG. 2 equal equal constant signals Bx ₁ Bx ₂ are supplied to both channels, which are converted to binary code Q ₂ Q ₁ Q ₀ = 111 at the outputs of the ADC 3, 4, where Q ₀ is the least significant bit. Up to this point, codes 000, 000, ... were transmitted over communication line 7. Fig. 2c shows the sequential transmission of the code, first, the complete code for the first object with binary digits, in order, first, the least significant bit, then the oldest (in youth) Q ₁₀ , Q ₁₁ , ..., then for the second Q ₂₀ , Q ₂₁ , ... This transfer procedure is provided for by international standards. The receiver 6 captures these codes and, at the end of reception, issues them to the corresponding DACs. For the first object, this will happen after 3t ₀ , for the second - after 6t ₀ , which is shown in the diagrams of Fig.2b, d. Here t ₀ is the time interval of transmission of one bit on the communication line 7. In the method, the channels and objects from the first are numbered, and binary digits from zero - according to international rules. In the diagram of FIG. 2B, the pulse sync intervals of bits are separated by thin lines, and the code words of three bits are bold. These diagrams correspond to the actual transmission by a serial code in the order “first the least significant bit, then the most significant” in the international standard RS232 (the code word is 8 bits in it, n = 8) in synchronous mode. Then the processes are repeated. On figb, d shows that the control arrives at the objects with a delay, the maximum value of which is T = k · n · t ₀ , where k is the number of control objects, n is the word length of one object. The desire to improve the accuracy of the control system of any technological process by increasing the bit depth of the transmitted word can lead to the opposite result, when the phase shift between the analogue input Vx converted to code and the signal at the input of the control output object will reduce the dynamics of the control process and even cause its instability . Thus, the known method of transmitting digital data over a single-wire communication line is characterized by low accuracy and speed.

The technical result of the proposed method for transmitting digital data over a communication line is its increased accuracy and speed when managing multiple objects, or an increase in the number of serviced objects with the same accuracy and speed.

The peculiarity of the method is that before mixing, each digital code is divided into an individual number of parts, sizes between the full code and zero bits, these parts of the codes of different objects are mixed in order of seniority of parts of different objects, and not according to the numbers of objects, after receiving and redistributing their parts of the codes between the objects immediately feed them to their objects and manage them, without waiting for the complete codes of the input control signals.

The proposed method for managing objects with a serial code provides: firstly, the refusal to delay the issuance of a code to an object until it is fully received, and secondly, a change in the order of seniority of discharges transmitted via a serial channel on the contrary in comparison with internationally accepted ones. Only a combination of the first and second gives the effect.

The essence of the proposed method is illustrated by the example of application in the diagram of FIG. 1, by the diagrams of FIG. 2a, d, e, g, as an alternative to their drawn diagrams above for the known method of FIG. 2a, b, c, d. The division of codes into parts is brought to one discharge in the minimum transmitted part. At time t = 0 (Fig. 2a), the signal Bx _{1 of} source 1 is sampled (sampled), the ADC 3 converts this analog signal into a 3-bit positional (now clarifying the type of code becomes important) code, transmitter 5 immediately starts transmitting the senior discharge Q ₁₂ (fig.2e) of this code to the input of the receiver 6 and to the DAC 8 at the output (fig.2d). After the interval t ₀ , the transmission of the senior bit Q ₂₂ for the second object begins. Its receipt at the end of the interval on the DAC 9 leads to a jump in the signal of fig.2g at the second object. Further, the described cycle is repeated. The positive effect of increasing the speed is seen from the comparisons of fig.2b and fig.2d, fig.2g and fig.2zh with the same input signal figa. In this case, the arrow “Full code of the second” for both methods indicates that the transmission time of the complete codes has not changed. A quantitative criterion for the effectiveness of the methods can be the integral error of signal transmission, which can be estimated from the hatched areas S ₁ and S ₃ , S ₂ and S ₄ in FIG.

It is known that the best forecast for the future is the present. Therefore, the behavior of the least significant bits of the code on the control object when changing the senior ones can be left undefined (***) according to paragraph 1 of the claims, but it is desirable to refine them according to paragraph 2 of the claims so that when the newly received high part of the code matches the same high part of the code from the previous transmission, the youngest part of the previous code is saved and immediately used to control the object, and if there is a mismatch, this youngest part is changed so that the absolute change in the number between the previous and new full codes were minimal, and also immediately manipulate the object.

This illustrates an example:

entrance Output 1 Output 1 + p. 2 0011 0011 0011 0 0 *** 0011 New cycle 00 00 ** 0011 001 001 * 0011 0010 0010 0010 0 0 *** 0010 New cycle 01 01 ** 0100 011 011 * 0110 0111 0111 0111 one one*** 1000 New cycle 10 10** 1000

With any forecast method, samples are possible when the forecast is unsuccessful, but for smooth signals such a forecast according to claim 2 is useful.

The proposed method also gives a positive result when transmitting complex codes, for example, in floating-point formats, which is used in networks, but such ADCs may also appear. At the same time, the specified order of precedence for the transfer of parts (first the characteristic, then the mantissa) and discharges must be maintained. The claims also protect this case, therefore, the method can find application in networks.

The proposed method can be widely used in the tasks of managing facilities over simple communication lines, including the increasingly widely used digital networks. The best result will be given by the implementation of the method with its integral performance.

Claims (2)

1. A way to control objects with a serial code, in which the input control signals of each object are converted into their own digital code, mix the object codes in the selected order, transmit them with a serial code over the communication line in the selected order of rank bits, receive the serial code after the communication line, fix it , redistribute between the respective objects and manage them, characterized in that before mixing each digital code is divided into an individual number of parts, sizes between full to with one and zero bits, mix these parts of the codes of different objects in order of precedence of the parts of the codes of different objects and the bits in them, and not according to the numbers of the objects, transmit them in the specified order, after receiving and redistributing their parts of the codes between the objects, they immediately send them to their objects and control them without waiting for the full codes of the input control signals. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that after the object receives the older part of the code and matches it with the same older part of the code from the previous transmission, the youngest part of the previous code is saved and immediately used to control the object, and if it doesn’t match, change this youngest part so that the absolute change in the value of the number between the previous and new full codes is minimal, and also immediately control the object.

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