RU2447248C2 - Method of dry installation of facing tiles on floor or walls and substrate used in such installation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: set for dry installation of facing tiles includes at least one substrate, the first side of which contacts with a substance (F), and the second one - at least with one facing tile (R). Strip liners are arranged along the perimeter of facing tiles (R), which fill gaps between neighbouring tiles. Angle elements level liners relative to each other, fixing them along the perimetre of the appropriate facing tile.

EFFECT: reduced labour inputs in installation of facing tiles.

61 cl, 30 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to methods for dry coating floors and walls with tiles, for example, ceramic, made of various materials.

More specifically, the present invention relates to improved methods for dry cladding substrates, that is, not requiring the use of putties or other binders to fix the tiles on the substrate.

State of the art

In the present description and the appended claims, a cladding is understood to mean a structure obtained by installing individual elements, for example, ceramic tiles, planks, etc., side by side on a floor or walls, that is, vertical, inclined or horizontal surfaces. Thus, the cladding can cover both the floor and vertical walls.

When lining a substrate, a bonding putty is usually used, with which tiles or other elements are glued to the substrate. Between adjacent tiles leave empty spaces (gaps), which are then filled with appropriate materials. Thus, the cladding can only be removed by destroying the tiles, and their installation should be done only by specialized personnel.

Another disadvantage of this method of cladding is that the flooring can only be used after setting the binder putty, which takes quite a long time; during this time it is impossible to carry out other work in the room, for example, decking.

Ways of dry installation of the flooring were studied, according to which facing tiles are not glued, but installed on a substrate using fixing substrates. Examples of methods for dry coating of substrates are given in WO-A-02/077389, WO-A-03/040491 and WO-A-2005/052279.

Known methods for dry coating of substrates have significant disadvantages. Indeed, these methods are based on the use of facing tiles, each of which is provided on the underside with a substrate in the form of a frame or the like, while adjacent tiles are tightly adjacent to each other or connected to a lock. Along the edges of the substrate are gaskets that fill the gaps between adjacent tiles. It is necessary to provide a substrate for each facing tile. The manufacturer glues the tiles to the substrate. Then, tiles provided with substrates are mounted on the substrate without the aid of binders, while the frames are inserted into each other by means of connecting elements, which are located under the lower surface of the facing tiles connected to the substrates.

Installing tiles equipped with substrates is a rather complicated procedure. In addition, gluing each tile to the substrate significantly increases the cost of materials and makes them bulky and inconvenient for transportation.

The lining substrates are joined together so that it is impossible to remove a separate lining tile and at least part of the lining must be disassembled to replace one damaged tile. It is also impossible to replace the facing tiles yourself, for example, to change the appearance of the facing.

Each facing tile must be provided with a separate substrate, along the two side surfaces of which there are gaskets filling the gaps between the tiles, therefore, each format of the tile must correspond to a specific format of the substrate.

Disclosure of invention

The first aspect of the present invention relates to a kit for dry installation of cladding tiles, including special substrates, the use of which will allow at least partially eliminate the above disadvantages.

The present invention provides a kit for dry installation of tiles on walls or floors; this kit includes at least one laminated substrate, one side of which is adjacent to the substrate, and the other to at least one facing tile, and is characterized in that it includes the following components:

- strip gaskets that fill the gaps between the tiles, adjacent to the side surfaces of the tiles;

- angular locking elements for mutual alignment of the gaskets and their fixation around the perimeter of the corresponding tiles.

The substrate is preferably made of a flexible or plastic soundproofing material; a substrate is placed on the substrate on which the tiles are installed, while the substrate fills the space between the substrate and the tiles.

The kit according to the present invention includes a number of substrates, on the lateral surfaces of which there are docking means between adjacent substrates, while a substantially continuous flooring is located between the substrate and the tiles. In addition, the substrates are preferably provided with a number of slots for appropriate means of fixing the substrates and tiles. Thus, facing tiles (ceramic, etc.) are fixed independently from each other on the underlying flooring from mutually joined substrates. Each facing tile can be removed independently of other tiles by removing the fixing element (s) from the respective sockets in the substrates.

Gaskets and substrates are not fixed to each other. The gaskets are adjacent to the side surfaces of the tiles using angular fixing elements. Thus, the shape and / or dimensions of the facing tiles are completely independent of the shape and / or dimensions of the substrates. In addition, tiles can be installed arbitrarily in accordance with the desired patterns without restrictions on the shape and layout of the substrates.

Preferably, the corner fixing elements and substrates are also not fixed to each other. However, some advantages of the present invention can be achieved using angular locking elements that are attached to the substrates.

The corner elements may contain a series of shoulders that converge in the central portion of the element, while the shoulders contain means for fixing the respective gaskets filling the gaps between adjacent tiles.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the gaskets can be joined to the corner elements by means of mating elements that allow the gaskets to elastically stretch. At least at the edges of the gaskets, grooves may be located in which the protrusions of the corner elements enter.

Each slot for means for the mutual fixation of the substrates and tiles is a through hole that extends through the entire thickness of the substrate. Each fixing element can be an insert that can be tightly inserted into the corresponding socket of the substrate, while the insert can be fixed to the tiles using special means, for example, double-sided adhesive tape.

Other features of a dry substrate cladding kit in accordance with the present invention are set forth in the appended claims and will be better understood from the following description and the accompanying drawings, which illustrate an embodiment of the present invention.

Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method of dry flooring using a number of tiles; This method includes the following operations:

- installation and fitting, at least on a part of the substrate, a number of substrates, which are equipped with docking elements included in each other, and means for the mutual fixation of the substrates and tiles;

- installation along the side surfaces of the facing tiles of gaskets that fill the gaps between these tiles;

- installing on the substrates a number of tiles equipped with gaskets, and fixing the tiles on the substrates using the aforementioned fixing elements.

Another aspect of the present invention relates to a substrate for tiles installed on the floor or walls without the aid of binders; the first side of the substrate is adjacent to the substrate, and the second is to the facing tile, while on the side surfaces of the substrate there are means for docking it with an adjacent substrate, and on the second side of the substrate there are gaskets filling the gaps between adjacent facing tiles; this substrate is characterized in that it contains at least one socket for means for the mutual fixation of the tiles and the substrate.

Another aspect of the present invention relates to a substrate used for dry installation of tiles on the floor or walls, with the first side of the substrate adjacent to the substrate, and the second to the tile; on the side surfaces of the substrate there are means for docking it with the adjacent substrate, and on the second side of the substrate there are gaskets filling the gaps between adjacent facing tiles; this substrate is characterized in that the gaskets intersect each other essentially in the middle of the surface of the substrate, dividing the substrate into a number of sections, and in that each said section contains means for interlocking the tile and the substrate.

When using such substrates, the dry installation of tiles is greatly simplified. It is no longer necessary to glue the substrate to each tile, which (ceramic, etc.) can be stored separately from the substrate. Substrates can be mounted on the substrate, and tiles are inserted into the cells formed by the spacers located on the substrates, the gaps between which are filled with spacers. Cladding tiles can be easily removed from the substrates by applying a force in a direction substantially perpendicular to the substrate. Thus, individual cladding tiles can be easily and quickly replaced without disassembling the entire cladding. Replacement of tiles may be required to change the appearance of the cladding, for example, if the tiles are damaged, in stores and other retail outlets, public places, premises of fairs and exhibitions and other objects.

Since each substrate does not need to be glued to the tiles, the production of materials is significantly cheaper. The manufacturer of tiles can produce ordinary tiles, as well as provide customers with substrates used for dry installation of flooring, which can be combined with any tiles in the catalog. The transportation of materials is also simplified.

Substrates for dry flooring installation can be made by specialized companies that supply substrates to the end user or to the person performing their installation; this person can combine substrates with any facing tile that is made by another company.

Other features and preferred embodiments of the substrates of the present invention are set forth in the appended claims and will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The present invention also relates to a method for dry installation of cladding tiles using the substrates described above, as well as to a floor or flooring of these substrates that are coated with corresponding cladding tiles.

Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method for dry installation of tiles on a substrate, characterized in that it includes the following operations:

- installation, at least on a part of the substrate, a number of substrates and their docking with each other using docking elements located on the side surfaces of the substrates; on the upper side of the substrates are gaskets that fill the gaps between the tiles, and means for the mutual fixation of the substrates and tiles;

- installing on the substrates a number of cladding tiles and fixing them on these substrates using the above-mentioned means, with each cladding tile being attached to sections of several adjacent substrates.

Other features and preferred embodiments of the method of the present invention will be described in detail below and set forth in the appended claims.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The present invention will be better understood from the following description and the accompanying drawings, which illustrate an illustrative embodiment of the invention. The drawings show the following:

figure 1 is a view of the substrate from the side to which the facing tiles are adjacent;

figure 2 is a section II-II of the substrate depicted in figure 1;

figure 3 is a view of the substrate of figure 2 from the side of III-III;

figure 4 is an enlarged view of a fragment of IV of figure 2;

figure 5 is a side view of the means for the mutual fixation of the substrate and the facing tile;

figure 6 is a view of the substrate of figure 5 from side VI-VI;

figure 7 is a top view of the gasket filling the gaps between the tiles;

figure 8 is a side view of the gasket according to figure 7 from the side VIII-VIII;

figure 9 is a longitudinal section IX-IX of the gasket shown in figure 7;

figure 10 is a side view of the cross for mutual fixation of gaskets;

figure 11 is a view of the cross in figure 10 from the side of the XI-XI;

figures 12 and 13 are top views of corner fixing elements with three and two shoulders, respectively;

figure 14 is a top view of a facing tile surrounded by four gaskets that are fixed to each other by four corresponding corner elements;

figure 15 is a bottom view of six stacked between each other substrates;

figure 16 is a top view of a cladding made in accordance with the present invention;

figure 17 is a top view of a section of flooring or walls, which is made using tiles and gaskets according to figures 7-9 and the corner fixing elements in figures 10-13 and corresponds to another embodiment of the present invention;

figure 18 is a section XVIII-XVIII of the facing depicted in figure 17;

Figure 19 is a plan view of a substrate according to another embodiment of the present invention;

figure 20A is an enlarged view of the means for the mutual fixation of the tiles and the substrate;

figure 20B is a section aa of the substrate depicted in figure 19;

figure 21 is a plot of the floor on which the substrate is installed, before installing the tiles;

figure 22 - floor according to figure 21, after the installation of four tiles;

figure 23 is a top view of the substrate, combinable with the substrates of figure 19 for installation of tiles of a different format;

figure 24 is a section XXIV-XXIV of the substrate depicted in figure 23;

figure 25 is a plot of the floor on which the substrates according to figure 19, 23 and 24 are installed, before dry installation of large tiles;

figure 26 is a plot according to figure 25 with two installed tiles;

figure 27 is a top view of another substrate used in combination with the substrates of figure 19;

figure 28 is a section XXVIII-XXVIII of the substrate depicted in figure 27;

figure 29 is a plot of floor that is covered with substrates according to figure 19 and 27; and

figure 30 is a plot of floor according to figure 29, on which a facing tile is installed.

The implementation of the invention

Next, with reference to figures 1-16, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described.

In figures 1-4 shows a laminated substrate used for dry installation of tiles (ceramic, etc.) on the floor, wall, etc. The substrate 103 comprises side surfaces 103B which are provided with means for joining between adjacent substrates. In the embodiment illustrated by the figure, the substrate 103 has a substantially square shape, but it can also have the shape of a rectangle or polygon, the number of sides of which is more than four. In one flooring, substrates of various shapes can be used, for example, when creating complex patterns using cladding or installing substrates on irregularly shaped surfaces.

The substrate 103 comprises a lower surface 103X and an upper surface 103Y. The surface 103X is adjacent to the floor or wall on which the flooring is installed, and the surface 103Y is adjacent to the lower surfaces of the facing tiles (ceramic, etc.).

In one embodiment, the surface 103X of the substrate is provided with anti-slip elements 105 forming a “grid”. Anti-slip elements 105 can be made of plastic with a high coefficient of friction, synthetic or natural rubber and other materials.

In one embodiment, the docking elements on the side surfaces 103B of the substrate 103 are in the form of processes 103E and sockets 103F that are congruent with the processes 103E. The processes are rounded. Sockets 103F are located on adjacent lateral sides of the first pair, and processes 103E are located on adjacent lateral sides of the second pair. The processes 103E and the sockets 103F must correspond exactly to each other.

Substrate 103 is provided with means for attaching facing tiles to it, which are mounted on a number of substrates 103 closely adjacent to each other. In one embodiment, the substrates 103 comprise a series of sockets 107 for interlocking the substrates 103 and the tiles. In the figures, the sockets 107 for the fixing elements have a circular shape, but they can also have the shape of an oval, polygon, for example, a triangle or a square (preferably with rounded corners), and other shapes. Preferably, the side surface 107A of the socket 107 is rounded, as shown, in particular, in figure 4. In other words, the cross section of the side surface 107A has a substantially convex circular shape.

Preferably, the slots 107 for the locking elements are evenly distributed on the surface of the substrate 107; for example, two to ten, and preferably four to six, nests 107 can be provided that are parallel to each side of the square bar 103.

The locking elements 109 can be firmly inserted (see figures 5 and 6) into the slots 107. When viewed from above, the locking elements 109 are congruent with the slots 107. In the above example, the locking elements are circular in plan view. The side surfaces 109A of the locking elements 109 are congruent to the side surfaces 107A of the sockets 107. If the side surfaces 107A of the sockets 107 have a convex circular shape, as in the example, then the side surfaces 109A of the locking elements 109 have a concave circular shape. The opposite is also possible, that is, the fixing elements 109 have convex surfaces, and the seats 107 have concave surfaces 107A. It is preferable to make the sockets 107 through, that is, passing through the entire thickness of the substrate 103, although the depth of the nests may be less than the thickness of the substrate. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the locking elements 109 is equal to the thickness of the substrates 103 without taking into account the thickness of the anti-slip material.

The undercutting of the edges of the locking elements 109 ensures that the elements snap into place when they are inserted into the slots 107; in addition, these elements are firmly fixed in the nests due to the congruence of the concave side surface 107A and the convex side surface 109A.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the upper surface 109Y of the locking element 109 is coated with double-sided adhesive tape 111, which can be protected by a strip 111X (Figure 5). The security element or strip 111X protects the upper surface of the double-sided adhesive tape 111; this strip is removed after inserting the fixing element 109 into the corresponding slot 107 before installing the tiles on the substrate, as described below.

When installing the flooring in accordance with the present invention, strip strips 121 are also used to fill the gaps between adjacent tiles, which are mounted by means of fixing elements 109 on a number of substrates joined together.

Figures 7, 8 and 9 illustrate an example implementation of gaskets corresponding to the present invention. In this example, the gaskets are made of elastic material, which simplifies their installation, as described below. To prevent water from entering the gap between adjacent tiles, the gaskets 121 are preferably made of impermeable material, for example synthetic rubber.

Gaskets 121 comprise longitudinal side surfaces 121A and upper surface 121B. The longitudinal side surfaces 121A and the upper surface 121B define spaces 121C, 121D, with spaces 121D located at the ends of the gaskets 121. It is preferred that the aforementioned surfaces converge at the tip 121E at an angle of about 90 ° to simplify the installation of the gaskets.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the space 121D at the end of the gasket 121 is bounded at least in front by a corresponding surface 121F inclined from top to bottom to the center of the gasket; likewise, the outer pointed edge or tip 121E mentioned above is inclined.

The spaces or grooves 121D serve to fix the gasket on the corner fixing element and to align the gaskets that converge at the tops of the tiles. The angular locking elements can have various shapes, as shown in figures 10-13.

Figures 10 and 11 illustrate an example implementation of an angular locking element 131 of the first type, which is essentially cross-shaped or X-shaped, while the shoulders 131A of the cross are essentially identical to each other and are 90 ° apart. Each shoulder 131A comprises an upward projection 131B that is congruent to a groove 121D located at each end of the gaskets 121. More specifically, the protrusions 131B are substantially prismatic with two inclined faces 131C and 131D. Face 131C is located closer to the center of the corner fixing element, while its lower edge is offset relative to the upper edge to the distal end of the cross. Face 131C interacts with surface 121F of groove 121D of the corresponding gasket. Thus, due to the undercut providing for the inclination of the walls 131C and 121F, the protrusions 131B are engaged with the gaskets 121.

The dimensions of the gaskets 121 in a stationary state may be slightly smaller than the corresponding dimensions of the side surfaces to which the gaskets are adjacent. Thus, the dimensions of the gaskets 121 depend on the dimensions of the tiles of the present invention. If the facing tiles have a square shape, for example, 20 × 20 cm or 30 × 30 cm, then identical gaskets with a length of about 20 or 30 cm, respectively, will be required to install them. To install rectangular tiles, for example, 15 × 30 cm, gaskets with two different lengths will be required.

In order for the gaskets, the number of which is different from four, to meet at one point, the angular locking elements must have a shape different from the shape of the elements 131 shown in figures 10 and 11. For example, angular locking elements 141 can be provided that contain only three arms 141A spaced 90 ° and 180 ° from each other (figure 12). The arms 141A comprise protrusions 141B of substantially the same shape, which perform similar functions as the protrusions 131B of the corner fixing elements 131.

The figure 13 shows another angular locking element 151, which contains only two shoulders 151A, spaced 90 ° apart; each shoulder is provided with a protrusion 151B, the shape of which is substantially similar to the shape of the protrusions 131B and 141B of the corner fixing elements 131 and 141, respectively.

Thanks to the angular fixing elements 131, 141 and 151, the gaskets 121 are located around the perimeter of the tiles, filling the gaps between adjacent tiles. Figure 14 shows a ceramic cladding tile R with four side surfaces, each of which adjoins a separate gasket. In the above example, the facing tile R has the shape of a square, therefore, the gaskets 121 surrounding the tile are identical to each other. On the other hand, when installing tiles of a different shape, the length of the gaskets should correspond to the length of the sides of the tile.

At each vertex V of the facing tile R, two respective gaskets 121 converge, which are fixed to the respective corner fixing elements. In the above example, four cross-shaped corner fixing elements 131 are provided. From figure 14 it is obvious that each gasket is located along the corresponding lateral surface of the facing tile R and is fixed with grooves 121D on the corresponding protrusions 131B of the opposite corner fixing elements 131, which are located at the corresponding vertices V of the facing tiles R.

The following describes the installation of flooring using the above components. An appropriate number of substrates 103 are mounted on the substrate, which are joined together by sockets 103F and processes 103E made on the side surfaces of the substrates. Each substrate 103 may be pre-equipped with fixing elements inserted into sockets 107, the fixing element being protected on top by a strip 111X that covers the double-sided adhesive tape 111. The wall or floor is covered with a continuous flooring of substrates on which the tiles are installed without spacers filling the gaps between the tiles. On the resulting flooring from substrates 103, it is possible to install facing tiles R of any shape and size, while using the tiles you can make any pattern, for example, due to their sides or diagonals installed perpendicular to the surrounding walls. Thus, the tiles R can be selected and placed arbitrarily. Substrates 103 are universal and can be used with R tiles of any shape and size.

When facing a flooring from substrates, gaskets 121 are applied to the first facing tile R or the first group of facing tiles R using angular fixing elements 131, 141 or 151. For example, when installing a facing tile (figure 14) near the wall or corner, two corner fixing elements 131 can be replaced with corresponding angular fixing elements 141 or 151. A cladding tile R provided with gaskets 121 is installed in a certain part of the room on the corresponding fixing elements 109, from which they are previously removed 111X screen protectors. The number of fixing elements 109 required to install the facing tile R depends on the shape and size of the tile.

Then, in the area between the opposite arms 131A of the two corner fixing elements extending from the facing tile R, the next tile R can be inserted so that it abuts against the corresponding gasket 121; along the perimeter of this tile with the help of additional angular fixing elements 131, 141 or 151, the corresponding gaskets 121 are installed. The operation is repeated until the floor or wall is fully lined. Obviously, before installing the next facing tile R close to the gasket 121, it is necessary to remove the protective elements 111X from the double-sided adhesive tape of the corresponding fixing elements 109.

Thus, it is possible to perform a full cladding of a floor or wall even with a complex layout of the tiles, as shown, in particular, in figure 16. In this example, along the perimeter of the flooring along the walls are facing tiles R1, the sides of which are parallel or perpendicular to the walls. In the area bounded by the “frame” of tiles R1, tiles R2 are installed, the diagonals of which are parallel or perpendicular to the walls, as well as tiles R3, obtained by dividing ordinary tiles in half. Gaskets 121 fill the gaps between adjacent tiles R1, R2 and R3. In the interstices of adjacent facing tiles R2, cross-shaped corner fixing elements 131 should be located, and at the junction V3 of the tiles R2 and R1 - corner fixing elements 151. The gaskets 121 located along the perimeter of the facing tiles R1 are fixed using corner fixing elements 141 with three shoulders, except for gaskets belonging to three different tiles R1 (one of which is located in the corner of the flooring), which are fixed using element 141 with four shoulders.

From the above it follows that the present invention provides flexibility in the use of tiles R, R1, R2, R3 of various shapes with the same standard designs: substrates 103, corner fixing elements 131, 141 and 151 and fixing elements 109. It is only necessary to choose the dimensions gaskets 121 in accordance with the size and shape of the tiles. In addition, when using the present invention, the number of possible layouts of tiles on the substrate is practically unlimited.

When using fixing elements 109, individual tiles can be removed and replaced to change the appearance of the floor or wall, for example, when the tiles are destroyed. To do this, it is enough to pull out the facing tile R-R3, for example, using a cup suction cup, while the fixing elements 109 that are fixed to the rear surface of the tile will separate from the corresponding sockets 107. To remove the corresponding cladding tile, it is enough to overcome the force with which the fixing elements 109 are held in the slots 107. Then, the spare fixing elements 109 are inserted into the empty slots 107, the protective films 111X are removed from the double-sided adhesive tapes 111 and a new tile is installed in place of the removed cladding tile.

Figures 17 and 18 illustrate another embodiment of the present invention. Similar elements are denoted by the same reference numbers. More specifically, the figure depicts a surface area, for example, of a floor or wall covered with facing tiles R (ceramic, etc.). The tiles are delimited by the gaps that are filled with gaskets 121. Four gaskets 121 converge in each internode of the facing tiles R. It is preferable to make gaskets 121, shown in figures 1-17, from an elastic material, for example rubber, and install gaskets stretched along each side surface the corresponding facing tile R. This is achieved by the cross-shaped corner fixing elements 131 (not shown), which are essentially similar to the above-described corner fixing elements 131, shown in previous figures.

The figure 18 shows a cross section of part of the structure shown in figure 17; in this section, the facing tiles R are located on one or more substrates 104. In this embodiment, the substrates form a uniform coating and do not contain sockets for fixing elements that fix the substrates and the facing tiles together. Cladding tiles are mounted on substrates that form a soundproof layer between the substrate (in this case, floor F) and the claddings R. Substrate 104 may be made of rubber or other soundproof materials.

The facing set depicted in figures 17 and 18 is set in the same way as the set depicted in figures 1-16, except that the substrates do not fit together. In some embodiments, a single substrate is installed on floor F. On the substrates, facing tiles R are installed, along the perimeter of which gaskets 121 are placed, as described above. Gaskets made of rubber or other materials filling the gaps hold the R tiles in place. Thus, each facing tile R can be removed independently of the other tiles.

The following is another example embodiment of the present invention, illustrated by figures 19-30.

The figure 19 shows the substrate 1 used in the dry installation of tiles.

In one embodiment, the substrate 1 comprises a substantially flat square portion 3. As can be seen, in particular, from figures 20A and 20B, the sections 3 are delimited by gaskets 5, which are essentially perpendicular to the respective sides 3A, 3B, 3C and 3D sections and form a cross. Gaskets 5 fill the gaps between adjacent tiles.

Preferably, the spacers 5 break the substrate 1 into four substantially equal sections, each of which comprises means for interlocking the tiles and the substrate 1.

Preferably, the locking means are provided in each section and include a socket 7 (Figure 20B) into which the locking element 9 (Figure 20A) can be inserted.

Preferably, the locking element 9 has a substantially circular shape, and its thickness S is equal to the thickness of the section 3. Thus, the lower surface 9A of the locking element inserted in the corresponding socket 7 is located flush with the corresponding lower surface 3X of the section 3, and the upper surface 9B is with the upper surface 3Y of this section, that is, the socket 7 is through. Of course, the depth of the socket 7 may be less than the thickness S of the section, and the thickness of the fixing element 9 is less than the thickness S, essentially equal to the depth of the socket 7.

The locking elements can be fixed 9 on the plot 3 in various ways. For example, the lateral surface of the socket 7 can be undercut and correspond in shape to the lateral surface of the fixing element 9, which ensures its fixation in section 3.

In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, illustrated by the figures, the socket 7 comprises an inner side surface 7A, the cross section of which has the shape of a convex profile; the corresponding concave side profile 9C of the fixing element 9 is adjacent to this profile. The opposite is also possible, that is, the fixing element 9 contains a convex side surface that is congruent with the concave surface of the socket 7.

Components 3 and 9 are fixed to each other due to deformation of the sharp edge 9S and the entry of the convex profile 7A into the concave profile 9C. It is understood that the diameter of the locking element 9 is essentially equal to the diameter of the socket 7, although this does not follow from figures 20A and 20B, since components 3 and 9 are depicted at different scales. Of course, the diameters of these two components may vary slightly, which is necessary, for example, to ensure play between the convex profile 7A and the concave profile 9C. In any case, the dimensions of components 3 and 9 should guarantee their mutual fixation, which will be discussed below.

In another embodiment of the present invention (not illustrated), the elements 3 and 9 can be fixed to each other using elastic elements, for example, plates located on one or both of the elements.

Components 3 and 9 can be fixed together and with glue (which is less preferred), for example, double-sided adhesive tape installed between the bottom surface 9A of the fixing element 9 and the bottom of the socket 7; in this case, the nest is not through and its depth is less than the thickness S of the substrate 3.

On the upper surface 9B of the fixing element 9 is a means of attaching it to the tiles. This tool 11 can be performed, for example, in the form of a double-sided adhesive film or tape that covers the surface 9B of the fixing element; the upper surface of the tape is covered with glue and can be protected by a film or plate F, which is removed when the tiles are installed.

On the lateral surfaces 3A-3D of the substrate are means for interconnecting adjacent substrates. In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the docking elements are made in the form of processes 3E, which are located on adjacent surfaces 3B and 3C of each substrate, and sockets 3F, which are located on adjacent surfaces 3A and 3D of each substrate and are congruent to processes 3E.

In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the processes 3E are disc-shaped (in the figures it has a substantially circular cross section) and are congruent with the 3F sockets; due to the docking of these elements excluded mutual movement of the substrates 1 on the substrate.

Preferably, the thickness S of the processes 3E (Figure 20A) is equal to the thickness of the portion 3, which is achieved by cutting or punching the semi-finished products. In this case, the sockets 3F are through and open on the respective lateral surfaces 3A or 3D of the substrate 1. However, the processes 3E can have a different thickness, while it is preferable that it is less than the thickness S of the main part of the substrate 1. In this case, the sockets can have a bottom, and their depth should be less than the thickness S. If the sockets 3F are open on the upper surface 3Y of the substrate, then the processes 3E can be inserted into them by mutual movement of the substrates 1 in a direction substantially perpendicular to each substrate 1.

The figure 21 shows a portion of the floor P, which should be faced by installing the substrates 1 without the aid of binders (figures 19, 20A and 20B). More specifically, FIG. 21 shows a portion of floor P in corner A between walls M1 and M2. Of course, vertical or inclined walls can be likewise lined.

On the floor P, substrates 1 are installed, similar to those shown in figure 19. As can be seen from figure 21, when the substrates 1 are joined together by processes 3E inserted into the sockets 3F, a grid (in the given example, with square cells) is formed from the gaskets 5, the ends of which are adjacent to each other. Near the walls M1 and M2, there are sections of substrates cut parallel to the gaskets. More specifically, between the walls M1 and M2 there is a first portion 1X, the area of which is one fourth of the area of the substrate; this substrate is cut so that two fragments of gaskets 5 remain on section 1X, the ends of which adjoin the ends of gaskets 5 of neighboring sections 1Y. Plots 1Y obtained by cutting the respective substrates in half parallel to the gaskets 5.

The dimensions of the substrates 1 correspond to the format of the tiles. For example, the sides of the substrates depicted in the figures may have a length of L = 30 cm. Thus, the grid is formed of spacers 5, the ends of which are adjacent to each other, while it contains square cells whose sides have a length of L = 30 cm . In each cell the facing tile R is inserted; 22, tiles R are inserted into four cells formed by substrates 1. As can be seen from this figure, the use of sections 1X and 1Y allows to obtain square-shaped cells, also located along walls M1 and M2, with cell sides L × L = 30 × 30 cm.

Cladding tiles R are fixed on substrates using double-sided adhesive tape 11. Cladding tiles R are fixed on four sections, each of which belongs to a separate substrate 1, using pieces of double-sided adhesive tape 11 covering four corresponding fixing elements 9. Facing tiles located along the walls M1 or M2, attached to areas of entire substrates and sections 1X, 1Y.

The cladding of the floor P or the wall with the help of substrates 1 is characterized by extreme convenience and speed. Indeed, first, separate substrates 1 are installed, which are joined together by processes 3E and sockets 3F, while sections 1X, 1Y of substrates 1 are placed along the walls M1, M2. Then, the protective film F is removed from the double-sided adhesive tape and into the cells formed gaskets 5, which are located on various substrates 1 and sections 1X, 1Y, insert facing tiles R.

Separate substrates can be manufactured and sold with fixing elements 9, which are already inserted into the slots 7 and provided with double-sided adhesive tape 11. However, components 3, 9, 11 can also be sold separately; for example, the fixing elements 9 provided with double-sided adhesive tape 11 can be sold separately from the substrates 1 and before installing the facing tiles R (ceramic, etc.), each element 9 must be inserted into the slots 7. In addition, the fixing elements 9 may not be coated double-sided adhesive tape 11, which can be sold separately, for example, in the form of perforated strips; the consumer tears off pieces of tape from the strips and covers them with fixing elements 9, which can be pre-inserted into slots 7. The fixing elements 9 cannot be cut out from the substrates 1 due to concave and convex surfaces 7A and 9C and must be manufactured separately, therefore the manufacturer can reduce the cost of the product by entrusting the installation of the fixing elements 9 on the substrates 1, as well as covering the elements 9 with a double-sided adhesive tape 11 to the consumer.

Alternatively, the consumer may cover the locking elements 9 not with double-sided adhesive tape 11, but with adhesive. For example, a conventional organosilicon sealant can be used, which is applied using a standard syringe to the surface 9B of the fixing elements 9 inserted into the sockets 7.

Regardless of the methods of inserting the fixing element 9 into the corresponding socket 7 of the substrate 1 and installing the facing tile R on the fixing elements 9 (using double-sided adhesive tape, glue, etc.), it is always possible to selectively replace the facing tiles R to change the appearance of the facing, for example, when tiles are destroyed. The tile is removed in the direction perpendicular to the surface P of the veneered floor or wall. Under the action of traction, the locking elements 9 are separated from the respective substrates by opening the surfaces 7A and 9C. Then it is advisable to separate, for example, with a knife, the individual fixing elements 9, which remained glued to the underside of the removed facing tile R. New fixing elements 9 are inserted into the empty slots 7 of the formed cell. By the way, these elements 9 can be made and sold in as spare parts for substrates 1.

Cladding tiles R, removed to change the appearance of the cladding, can be reused later.

The described substrates 1 can be used for dry installation of tiles, the format of which is different from the format L × L of the substrate. For this, substrates 21 shown in FIG. 23 can be provided. These substrates 21 comprise portions 23 provided with processes 23E, the shape of which corresponds to the shape of the processes 3E of sections 3, and sockets 23F, the shape of which corresponds to the shape of the nests 3F of the sections 3 of the substrates 1. have a rectangular shape and their sides are correlated as L × L / 2. In parallel to the sides with a shorter length L / 2, a gasket 25 is located, the cross-section of which corresponds to the cross-section of the gaskets 5 located on the substrates 1.

Figure 25 shows a flooring of substrates 1 and 21. This flooring is installed in the same way as the flooring shown in figure 25, with the corresponding substrate 21 being installed along the sides of each substrate 1. Gaskets 5 and 25 located on substrates 1 and 21 , form a grid with square cells whose sides are 3 / 2L. If the dimensions of the substrate 1 are 30 × 30 cm, then the dimensions of the mesh obtained with the substrates 1 and 21 are 45 × 45 cm. Figure 26 shows a portion of the floor shown in figure 25; in two cells formed by spacers 5 and 25, facing tiles R are inserted, which are fixed on the substrates as described above.

In this embodiment, the substrates 21 do not contain fixing elements 9, but can be provided with them, like the substrates 1. On the other hand, each facing tile R can be fixed on the substrates properly with four fixing elements 9 for each cell, as shown in figure 25.

Each cell contains an empty central square section V that is not coated with a substrate. This area is small enough and does not interfere with the proper lining of the substrate. But in another embodiment of the present invention, portions V can be covered by substrates whose shape when viewed from above corresponds to the shape of portions V.

Along the walls that surround the floor with the flooring (Figure 25), there are sections 1X or 1Y of substrates 1 and sections 21X of substrates 21 obtained by cutting these substrates parallel to the central spacer 25.

Figure 27 shows another substrate 31, which consists of sections 33 with processes 33E and sockets 33F located on the side surfaces 33A, 33B, 33C and 33D. A gasket 35 is located on the axis of the substrate 31, the cross-section of which corresponds to the cross-section of the gaskets 5 of the substrates 1. The dimensions of the substrates 31 are L × L. Thus, when viewed from above, the shape of the substrates 31 is similar to the shape of the substrates 1, but instead of two gaskets, the substrate 31 contains one gasket; in addition, in this embodiment, the substrates 31 do not contain fixing elements 9, although they can also be provided on each of the two halves into which the central spacer 35 divides the substrate 31.

The figure 29 shows the use of the substrates 1 together with the substrates 31. The ends of the gaskets 5 are adjacent to the ends of the gaskets 35; gaskets form square cells with a side length of 2L. If the size of the substrate is 1 - 30 × 30 cm, then the size of the square cells is 60 × 60 cm. Thus, the floor can be covered with 60 × 60 cm facing tiles R without the use of binders. In this case, each square cell also contains empty portions V, which can be coated with substrates of the corresponding shape. These substrates can be equipped with fixing elements 9, as well as the substrate 1.

As can be seen from the drawings, the lower side 3X, 21A and 31A of the substrates 1, 21 and 31 can be provided with an anti-slip coating, for example, of rubber, for better adhesion to the substrate. Substrates 1, 21, 31 and fixing elements 9 can be made of any suitable material, for example, molded plastic, wood, etc. When molding plastic, the surface of which is sufficiently deformed, surfaces 7A and 9C can be performed using a single casting operation without additional processing, which is an advantage.

Above substrates, the dimensions of which do not exceed 30 × 30 cm, have been described for the dry installation of facing tiles (ceramic, etc.) of large sizes. Obviously, the same principles apply to substrates of other sizes (for example, 45 × 45 or 60 × 60 cm) and shape (for example, rectangular), as well as tiles of a different shape.

It is obvious that the drawings illustrate only one example implementation of the present invention, which can be changed without going beyond its scope. The reference numbers in the attached claims are intended to simplify its reading based on the description and drawings, and in no case limit the scope of protection of the invention defined by the claims.

Claims (61)

1. A set for dry installation of tiles on a wall or floor, including at least one laminated substrate, the first side of which is in contact with the substrate, and the second, at least one tile; this kit includes the following components: strip gaskets that are adjacent to the side surfaces of the tiles, filling the gaps between these tiles; corner elements;
characterized in that the corner elements are equipped with fasteners that interact with the locking elements of the gaskets, fixing the gaskets around the perimeter of the corresponding facing tiles. 2. The kit according to claim 1, characterized in that the gaskets have an essentially oblong shape. 3. The kit according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the gasket and the substrate are two separate components. 4. The kit according to claim 1, characterized in that the corner elements contain a number of shoulders that converge in the Central region of the element, while the shoulders contain means of attachment to the respective gaskets that fill the gaps between adjacent tiles. 5. A kit according to any one of claims 1, 2 and 4, characterized in that the corner elements for fixing the gaskets and the substrate are separate components. 6. A kit according to any one of claims 1, 2 and 4, characterized in that the gaskets are made of impermeable material and seal the gaps between the tiles. 7. A kit according to any one of claims 1, 2 and 4, characterized in that the gaskets are made of elastic material. 8. A kit according to any one of claims 1, 2 and 4, characterized in that at least at the ends of the gasket there are grooves which include the protrusions of the corner elements. 9. A kit according to any one of claims 1, 2 and 4, characterized in that the docking elements of adjacent substrates enter each other when the substrates are mutually moved perpendicular to their upper surfaces. 10. A kit according to any one of claims 1, 2 and 4, characterized in that the connecting elements are made in the form of nests and processes located on the side surfaces of the substrate, while the sockets are open on the corresponding side surface of the substrate and exit at least the second side of the substrate; the corresponding processes of adjacent substrates are inserted into these nests by moving them essentially perpendicular to the substrate. 11. Set according to any one of claims 1, 2 and 4, characterized in that the slots for means for the mutual fixation of the substrates and tiles are made in the form of through holes that pass through the entire thickness of the substrate. 12. A kit according to any one of claims 1, 2 and 4, characterized in that the fixing element is made in the form of an insert that can enter the corresponding socket of the substrate, while the thickness of the insert does not exceed the thickness of the substrate and the upper surface of the insert installed in the corresponding socket , is located flush with the second side of the substrate. 13. The kit according to p. 12, characterized in that the side surface of each socket for the locking elements is made with undercut, while the side surface of the locking element located in the socket is adjacent to the undercut surface of the socket. 14. A kit according to any one of claims 1, 2 and 4, characterized in that one side of the fixing element is coated with a binder to adhere this element to the tiles. 15. A kit according to any one of claims 1, 2 and 4, characterized in that the socket for the locking element comprises a convex side surface to which the concave side surface of the corresponding locking element abuts. 16. A kit according to any one of claims 1, 2 and 4, characterized in that an anti-slip coating is located on the first side of the substrate. 17. The kit according to clause 16, wherein the anti-slip coating is made in the form of a grid. 18. The kit according to clause 16, wherein the locking elements contain a lower surface provided with a layer of anti-slip material. 19. A set for dry installation of facing tiles on a wall or floor, including substrates, the first side of which is in contact with the substrate, and the second with the facing tile, with the side surfaces of the substrates provided with means for joining adjacent substrates; this set is characterized in that it includes the following components: strip gaskets that are adjacent to the side surfaces of the tiles, filling the gaps between these tiles; a number of nests made in substrates for receiving appropriate means for interlocking the substrates and facing tiles, while the fixing elements are made in the form of an insert that can fit into the corresponding nest of the substrate and contains means for attaching to this nest, the shape of the side surface of the nests corresponding to the shape of the side the surface of the corresponding locking element. 20. The kit according to claim 19, characterized in that it includes corner elements for mutual alignment of the gaskets, and the corner elements contain means for joining the gaskets and fixing them around the perimeter of the tiles. 21. The kit according to claim 19, characterized in that the gaskets have an essentially oblong shape. 22. The kit according to claim 20, characterized in that the gaskets have an essentially oblong shape. 23. The kit according to any one of paragraphs.19-22, characterized in that the gasket and the substrate are two separate components. 24. The kit according to claim 19, characterized in that the corner elements contain a series of shoulders that converge in the central region of the element, while the shoulders contain means of attachment to the respective gaskets that fill the gaps between adjacent tiles. 25. The set according to claim 20, characterized in that the corner elements contain a series of shoulders that converge in the Central region of the element, while the shoulders contain means of attachment to the respective gaskets that fill the gaps between adjacent tiles. 26. Set according to any one of paragraphs.19-22, 24 and 25, characterized in that the corner elements for fixing the gaskets and the substrate are separate components. 27. The kit according to claim 19, characterized in that the gaskets are made of impermeable material and seal the gaps between the tiles. 28. Set according to any one of paragraphs.19-22, 24, 25 and 27, characterized in that the gaskets are made of impermeable material and seal the gaps between the tiles. 29. Set according to any one of paragraphs.19-22, 24, 25 and 27, characterized in that the gaskets are made of elastic material. 30. Set according to any one of paragraphs.19-22, 24, 25 and 27, characterized in that at least at the ends of the strip there are grooves that include the protrusions of the corner elements. 31. Set according to any one of paragraphs.19-22, 24, 25 and 27, characterized in that the connecting elements of adjacent substrates enter each other when the mutual movement of the substrates perpendicular to their upper surfaces. 32. Set according to any one of paragraphs.19-22, 24, 25 and 27, characterized in that the connecting elements are made in the form of nests and processes located on the side surfaces of the substrate, while the sockets are open on the corresponding side surface of the substrate and exit at least on the second side of the substrate; the corresponding processes of adjacent substrates are inserted into these nests by moving them essentially perpendicular to the substrate. 33. Set according to any one of paragraphs.19-22, 24, 25 and 27, characterized in that the slots for means for the mutual fixation of the substrates and tiles are made in the form of through holes that pass through the entire thickness of the substrate. 34. Set according to any one of paragraphs.19-22, 24, 25 and 27, characterized in that the fixing element is made in the form of an insert that can enter the corresponding socket of the substrate, while the thickness of the insert does not exceed the thickness of the substrate and the upper surface of the insert, installed in the corresponding socket, is located flush with the second side of the substrate. 35. The kit according to clause 34, wherein the side surface of each socket for the locking elements is made with undercut, while the side surface of the locking element located in the socket is adjacent to the undercut surface of the socket. 36. Set according to any one of paragraphs.19-22, 24, 25 and 27, characterized in that one side of the fixing element is coated with a binder to adhere this element to the tiles. 37. Set according to any one of paragraphs.19-22, 24, 25 and 27, characterized in that the socket for the locking element contains a convex side surface to which the concave side surface of the corresponding locking element abuts. 38. Set according to any one of paragraphs.19-22, 24, 25 and 27, characterized in that on the first side of the substrate is an anti-slip coating. 39. The set of claim 38, wherein the anti-slip coating is made in the form of a mesh. 40. The kit according to § 38, wherein the locking elements comprise a lower surface provided with a layer of anti-slip material. 41. The method of dry installation on the substrate of a number of tiles, characterized in that it includes the following operations:
but. mounting on a substrate of at least one substrate;
b. supply of facing tiles with gaskets that are adjacent to the side surfaces of the tiles, filling the gaps between these tiles;
from. the installation of at least one substrate of a number of tiles with gaskets. 42. The substrate used in the dry installation of tiles on the floor or wall; this substrate contains a section, the first side of which is in contact with the substrate, and the second with the facing tile, while on the side surfaces of the substrate there are means of docking with adjacent substrates; this substrate is characterized in that on its second side there are gaskets filling the gaps between adjacent facing tiles, and that it contains at least one slot for fastening to the facing tile, and this socket contains a side surface, the shape of which corresponds to the shape of the side surface of the locking element. 43. The substrate according to item 42, wherein the means for joining two adjacent substrates enter each other by mutual movement in a direction essentially perpendicular to the upper surfaces of the substrates. 44. The substrate according to paragraph 42 or 43, characterized in that the connecting elements are made in the form of nests and processes located on the side surfaces of the aforementioned sections, while the nests are open on the corresponding side surface of the section and extend at least to the side of the section, facing the tiles; The corresponding processes of adjacent substrates are inserted into these nests by moving them in the direction perpendicular to the substrate. 45. The substrate according to item 42 or 43, characterized in that at least one socket for the locking element is through, that is, it passes through the entire thickness of the substrate. 46. The substrate according to claim 42 or 43, characterized in that the fixing element is made in the form of an insert, which can be fixed in the socket of the aforementioned section and contains means for attaching to the facing tile. 47. The substrate according to item 42 or 43, characterized in that the fixing element is made in the form of an insert that can be fixed in the socket of the substrate, while the thickness of the insert does not exceed the thickness of the substrate; thus, the upper surface of the fixing element fixed in the corresponding socket is located flush with the second surface of the substrate. 48. The substrate according to item 42 or 43, characterized in that the side surface of the receptacle for the locking element is made with undercut, which corresponds to the shape of the side surface of the locking element. 49. The substrate according to claim 42 or 43, characterized in that one of the sides of the at least one fixing element is coated with a binder to adhere this element to the tiles. 50. The substrate according to claim 42 or 43, characterized in that the gaskets fill the gaps between adjacent facing tiles and form a cross, the shoulders of which are essentially perpendicular to the respective side surfaces of the substrate and converge essentially in the middle of the substrate. 51. The substrate according to claim 42 or 43, characterized in that the gaskets filling the gaps between adjacent facing tiles divide the substrate into at least four sections, each of which is provided with at least one socket for a corresponding fixing element. 52. The substrate according to paragraph 51, wherein the gaskets divide the substrate into four sections, the dimensions of each section being essentially one fourth of the size of the tiles. 53. The substrate according to claim 42 or 43, characterized in that at least one socket for the locking element contains a convex side surface to which the concave side surface of the element is attached. 54. The substrate according to item 42 or 43, characterized in that its first side contains an anti-slip coating. 55. The substrate according to item 54, wherein the at least one locking element comprises a lower surface provided with a layer of anti-slip material. 56. A set for dry installation of tiles, including a number of substrates according to any one of paragraphs 42-55. 57. The kit according to p. 56, characterized in that it includes a number of locking elements. 58. The kit according to p. 56, characterized in that it contains intermediate substrates installed between the main substrates. 59. The kit according to § 58, wherein each intermediate substrate consists of sections whose side surfaces are provided with docking elements congruent to the docking elements of the main substrates. 60. The kit according to p, characterized in that the intermediate substrate contains a gasket that at least partially fills the gap between adjacent tiles. 61. The floor or other substrate, which is coated with a number of substrates according to any one of paragraphs 42-55, on which facing tiles are installed.

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