RU2446662C1 - Grain harvester "kiv" - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the agricultural industry and may be used for harvesting of down crops. The grain harvester comprises a frame tray mounted on the vehicle frame as a self-propelled chassis, as well as a fingered conveyor, a control panel and a cutting device. The fingered conveyor is made a composite from fingered conveyors of feeding and fingered stacking conveyors. The feeding conveyors are mounted in cantilever fashion behind the apparatus for cutting in the front part of the tray. The cutting device consists of cutting and shear blades with front cutting ends curved toward each other. On the side of each side cutting blade of the cutting device a blunt triangular protrusion laminar in the plane of the blade is formed in the front section. The end part of the triangular protrusion with rotating reciprocating movements of each side cutting blade of the cutting device is located between the parallel vertical walls of the separator. Each separator is made of parallel vertical walls that form a slanted edge in the front part. In the front lower part of each separator a bracket is formed with a corresponding lateral part of the body of the cutting device.

EFFECT: presence of lateral separators provides effective cleaning of down crops.

26 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, and in particular to machines for harvesting various ordinary agricultural crops, in particular cereals, mainly laid crops.

Known technical means for harvesting crops by as No. 2425436, Ml. А01D 34/00, 1967 “Windrower” and mower with windrower according to AS No. 313520, А01D 34/00 / analogue /.

Also known combine harvester according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2206199, Mcl. А01D 91/04, 34/00, 34/04 / prototype /, providing all-weather with any soil condition harvesting of grain crops.

However, the vertical blocks of the cutting apparatus during the movement of the unit cut the spikelets of dead grain crops, which leads to a partial loss of yield. In addition, the possibility of round-the-clock harvesting of grain crops is not provided.

The objective of the present invention is to harvest crops without loss in any weather and time of year in the shortest possible time with reduced cost, mainly laden crops, by replacing the side blocks of the cutting apparatus with side spreaders, round-the-clock harvesting of grain crops on pens having parallel width increments Capture cleaning turf paths for vehicle propulsion units.

This is achieved by the fact that the combine harvester contains a frame tray mounted on the vehicle’s frame in the form of a self-propelled chassis, a finger conveyor, a control panel and a cutting apparatus consisting of a horizontal unit mounted on the front end of the chassis.

The finger conveyor is made up of a finger feed conveyor and a finger stacking conveyor, while the feed conveyors are mounted cantilever behind the cutting apparatus on the front of the tray.

The horizontal block of the cutting apparatus consists of cutting and opposing knives with front cutting ends bent towards each other.

On the contact length of the cutting and opposing knives, the cutting apparatus is made uniformly along the length of the cutting sections, starting from the axis of rotation of the knife towards the front ends by an amount equal to the distance from the axis of rotation of the knife to its blade, triangular recesses forming trapezoidal resistant towards their front ends teeth with a step equal to half the distance between the axes of adjacent knives and sections of the knife blade, equal to each one quarter of their step.

The shallow cutting part of each triangular recess is made parallel to a circle tangent to a diameter equal to the distance between the axes of adjacent knives, increased by half the difference in the distances between the side blades of the knife and the distance between the axes of the neighboring knives.

The blades of cutting and contradictory knives are made in the form of a "ladder".

The angle formed between adjacent gently sloping blades of adjacent trapezoidal specularly reflected teeth of neighboring knives at the moment of their contact should be at least 3 °, but not more than the angle of friction, approximately 7 °.

On the side of each side cutting knife of the cutting apparatus, a blunt triangular protrusion in the head plane is formed in the knife plane, one side of which is tangent to the envelope of the knife blade. The triangular protrusion is located on the outside in the area of the knife edge with an angle of about 30 °, and the end part of the triangular protrusion during the reciprocating movements of each side cutting knife of the cutting apparatus is located between the parallel vertical walls of the extender.

Each spreader is made of parallel vertical walls with a height of about 1.5 m and a length of about 2.5 m, forming an inclined rib in the front.

The outer wall of each extender in the upper part is made with a horizontal bell parallel to the base of the separator at an angle to the outside of about 10 ° and a height of about 0.75 m.

The front edge of the spreader, which is inclined toward the propulsion units, is made with a radius of about 50 mm and a broken line with an angle of about 155 °.

In the upper and lower parts of each spreader, attachment points are formed with the ends of the corresponding feed conveyor coil and the axis of rotation of the corresponding cutting apparatus wheel.

In the front lower part of each extender, a mount is formed with a corresponding lateral part of the cutting apparatus body.

The combine harvester is represented by the following figures.

Figure 1, 2 and 3 shows a grain-harvesting unit in the process of harvesting a fallen grain crop in 3 projections; figure 4 is a transverse section of the extreme portion of the corral after harvesting grain crops; figure 5 is a section along aa in figure 1 - cutting knives of the cutting apparatus are located to the left of the longitudinal axis of symmetry; in Fig.6 is a section along aa in Fig.1 - cutting knives of the cutting apparatus are located to the right of the longitudinal axis of symmetry; Fig.7 is a view 1 in Fig.6; in Fig.8, 9 and 10 - the left spreader of the dead grain crops in 3 projections; 11, 12 and 13 - the right spreader of a laden grain crop in 3 projections; on Fig and 15 - the leftmost knife in 2 projections; in Fig.16 and 17 - the rightmost knife in 2 projections; on Fig, 19 and 20 - fairing in 3 projections; in Fig.21 is a section along BB in Fig.18 - the marker in the middle position; in Fig.22 is a section along BB in Fig.18 - the marker is shifted to the left; in Fig.23 is a section along BB in Fig.18 - the marker is shifted to the right; Fig.24 is a section along BB in Fig.21 and Fig.25 and 26 is a threaded rod with a roller and handles in 2 projections.

The combine harvester contains a frame tray 2 mounted on the vehicle frame in the form of a self-propelled chassis 1, a finger-type conveyor, a control panel, and a cutting apparatus 4, consisting of a horizontal unit mounted on the front end of the tray / cm. figure 1 and 2 /.

The finger conveyor is made up of a finger feed conveyor 5 and a stacking finger conveyor 6. The feed conveyors 5 are mounted cantilevered behind the cutting apparatus 4 on the front of the tray 2.

The horizontal block of the cutting apparatus 4 consists of cutting 7 and 8 opposing knives with front cutting ends of the knives bent towards each other / cm. 5, 6 and 7 /.

More details about the combine harvester are described in RF patent No. 2206199, 6 MKl. A01D 91/04, 34/00, 34/04, 1999

On the contact length of the cutting 7 and 8 opposing 8 knives of the cutting apparatus 4 are made evenly along the length of the cutting sections, starting from the axis of rotation of the knife towards the front ends by an amount equal to the distance from the axis of rotation of the knife to its blade, triangular recesses 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13, forming trapezoid teeth 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18, which are resistant towards the front ends, with a pitch t equal to half the distance between the axes of adjacent knives, i.e. t = 1 / 2h / cm. Fig.7 /, where t is the pitch between the teeth;

h is the distance between the axes of adjacent knives and sections a of the knife blade, equal to each quarter of their step, i.e.

a - section of the knife blade; h is the distance between the axes of adjacent knives.

The flat cutting part of each triangular recess is made in a straight line tangent to a circle with a diameter equal to the distance between the axes of adjacent knives, increased by half the difference in the distances between the side blades of the knife and the distance between the axes of adjacent knives, i.e.

d = h + 1/2 (H-h), where

d is the diameter of the tangent to the flat cutting part of the triangular recess;

h is the distance between the axes of the knives and

H is the width of the cutting / counter / knife.

The blades of cutting 7 and opposing 8 knives are each made in the form of a "ladder".

The angle formed between adjacent shallow blades of adjacent trapezoidal specularly reflected teeth of neighboring knives at the moment of contact should be at least 3 °, but not more than the angle of friction, about 7 °.

On the side of each side cutting knife 7 of the cutting apparatus 4 / cm. 5, 6, 14, 15, 16 and 17 / a blunt triangular protrusion in the plane of the knife is formed, respectively, of the left 19 and right 20 of the cutting knife in the head of the knife, one side of which is the tangent envelope of the blade / see Fig and 17 /.

The triangular protrusion 21 is located on the outer side in the area of the knife edge with an angle α of about 30 °, and the end part of the triangular protrusion during the reciprocally rotating movements of each side cutting knife, respectively 19 left and 20 right cutting apparatus 4, is located between the parallel vertical walls of the extender, respectively 22 left and 23 right / see 5 and 6 /.

Each spreader is made of parallel vertical walls with a height of about 1.5 m and a length of about 2.5 m, forming an inclined rib 24 / cm in front of it. Fig.8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13 /.

The outer wall 25/26 / of each spreader 22/23 / in the upper part is made with a horizontal bell 27 parallel to the base of the spreader at an angle to the outside of about 10 ° and a height of about 0.75 m / cm. Fig.8, 9, 11 and 12 /.

The front rib 24 inclined towards the propulsors is made with a radius of 50 mm and a broken line with an angle of about 155 ° / cm. Fig.8 and 11 /.

In the upper and lower parts of each spreader 22/23 /, attachment points are formed with the ends of the corresponding feed conveyor coil 5 and the axis of rotation of the cutting apparatus wheel / cm. figure 1 and 3 /.

In the front lower part of each extender, a mount is formed with the corresponding lateral part of the cutting apparatus body / cm. figure 1 and 3 /.

In Fig. 4, pos. 32, the turning strip of the corral is indicated; pos. 33 is the processing strip of a grain crop of width l; Pos. 34 indicates a turf path with a width of t _∂ in the pen. Between the sod paths under the surface layer is the "Vernadsky layer".

The length of the corral is selected based on the approximately complete filling of the grain cart of approximately 100 m. Between the corrals there are headlands with a width of about 5 m.

The combine harvester works in the following sequence.

Prepared for operation, the ZUA works between the headlands of the corral.

First, a cart with a grain crop, even a laden one, is brought to the end of the strip in such a position that the propulsors of the aggregate vehicle would be located in the middle of the turf path, the front head parts of the respective spreaders would be located at the boundary of the beginning of the turf paths 34, as shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3.

This position of the ZUA on the border of the corral should correspond to any weather, time of day and soil condition of the corrals, while the unit should be equipped with lighting 35, 36 and 37, as in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, providing an overview of the unit’s working night time have full fuel tanks.

After thorough preparation for work, the ZUA begins harvesting grain crops, including the lodged ones.

Arriving at the headland, the ZUA rotates 180 °, while the full grain trolley left on the pad is fixed with a cable from the ZUA and through the roller 39, pivotally mounted on the threaded rod 38 with handles 40 mounted on the boundary of the headland, is rotated at an angle of 65 ° from its longitudinal line, in connection with which the rear wheel of the filled trolley frees the corresponding turf path for the passage of the extenders and propulsors of the ZUA and the trolley docked to it.

The cutting apparatus 4 is turned on, in which the stalks of the grain crop are cut by cutting and contradictory knives of the cutting apparatus according to the type of scissors, while the stalks of the cereal plants are sequentially contacted with the sections of the knife blades, cutting off with shallow cutting parts / cm. Fig.7 / triangular recesses when they are in contact, i.e. the angle between the symmetrical edges is not more than the angle of friction.

If there is a laden grain crop on the corral, the cutting process is ensured by the presence of the right and 23 left spreaders in the aggregate, which move the dead grain crop to the sides with the flared walls to the sides of the cutting unit, and the rib 24 of each spreader 22/23 / should be located in the middle of the corresponding turf path 34 / cm. figure 3 /.

This position of the spacers relative to the turf paths is provided by markers 30 located in the respective fairings 31 mounted on the ends of the respective propulsion units of the unit, so, in Fig. 21, the marker 30 is located in the middle, in Fig. 32 on the left and in Fig. 33, on the right.

ZUA works between the headlands adjacent to the corral.

After docking the empty cart to the ZUA, the work on cleaning the grain crop continues in the same sequence, and the filled carts are transported to the current, where they are unloaded and returned to the corresponding headland, while such carts are located on two sides adjacent to the 100-meter corral on the swivels stripes.

The operation of the remaining ZUA blocks is described in more detail in RF patent No. 2206199.

The proposed ZUA provides round-the-clock, all-weather, with any condition of corral soil and high-quality, loss-free harvesting of grain crops, including lodged, with a reduced cost of work.

Claims (1)

A grain harvester comprising a frame roller, a finger conveyor, a control panel and a cutting apparatus consisting of a horizontal unit mounted on the front end of the chassis, mounted on a vehicle frame in the form of a self-propelled chassis, the finger conveyor being made up of a finger feed conveyor and a stacking finger conveyor, the feed conveyors are mounted cantilever behind the cutting apparatus and on the front of the tray, the horizontal block of the cutting apparatus consists of cutting and cutting knives with front cutting ends curved towards each other, and on the contact length of the cutting and opposing knives of the cutting apparatus, they are made uniformly along the length of the cutting sections, starting from the axis of rotation of the knife toward the front ends by an amount equal to the distance from the axis of rotation of the knife to its blade , triangular recesses forming trapezoidal teeth that are resistant towards their front ends with a step equal to half the distance between the axes of adjacent knives, and sections of the knife blade equal to each one four and their step, while the shallow cutting part of each triangular recess is made rectilinear tangent to a circle with a diameter equal to the distance between the axes of the adjacent knives, increased by half the difference in the distances between the side blades of the knife and the distances between the axes of the adjacent knives, and the blades of cutting and opposing knives are made each in the form of a "short flight of stairs", while the angle formed between adjacent gently sloping blades of adjacent trapezoidal mirror-shaped teeth of neighboring knives at the moment of their contact should be not less than 3 °, but not more than the angle of friction, characterized in that on the side of each side cutting knife of the cutting apparatus, a blunt triangular protrusion in the head plane is formed in the knife plane, one side of which is tangent to the envelope of the knife blade, while the triangular protrusion is located on the outside in the area of the knife edge with an angle of approximately 30 °, and the end part of the triangular protrusion during the reciprocally rotating movements of each side cutting knife is located between parallel vertical with the side walls of the spreader, each spreader made of parallel vertical walls with a height of about 1.5 m and a length of 2.5 m, forming a rib in the front part inclined towards the mover, while the outer wall of each spreader in the upper part is made with a horizontal bell, parallel to the base of the spreader at an angle to the outside of about 10 ° and a height of about 0.75 m, with the front rib made with a radius of about 50 mm and a broken line with an angle of about 155 °, while in the upper and lower parts of An attachment point is formed at the end of each spreader with the ends of the respective feed conveyor coils and the axis of rotation of the corresponding cutting apparatus wheel, and a fastening is formed in the front lower part of each spreader with a corresponding side part of the cutting apparatus body.

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