RU2445759C1 - Method of increasing salt tolerance of plants (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, namely, to methods for increasing the salt tolerance of plants, and can be used for growing crops on saline soils. The method of improvement the salt tolerance of plants, consisting in the fact that the seeds before planting are processed using semi-dry method with 10-20% aqueous solution of oxidised starch-containing product (OSP), obtained by oxidation of starch-containing raw material in an alkaline solution in the presence of copper catalyst, followed by drying, or presowing processing of seeds is carried out consistently in two stages - first, the seeds are soaked in an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide at a concentration of 510^-4-110^-3 M (1.710^-2-3.410^-1 g/l), followed by drying, then the seeds are treated by semi-dry method with 10-20% aqueous solution of OSP, and dried to a loose condition.

EFFECT: method enables to improve significantly the salt tolerance of plants in harsh conditions of growing.

4 cl, 5 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, and in particular to methods for increasing the salt tolerance of plants, and can be used in the cultivation of cultivated plants on saline soils.

Most agricultural plants are extremely sensitive to soil salinization, which causes significant crop losses.

In the Russian Federation, saline soils account for 15% of agricultural land, including 11% of arable land. According to the UN, about 70% of agricultural land in the world is subject to salinization. Salinity areas and salinity continue to increase. The most common component in percentage terms is the salinization of soils by sodium chloride and sulfate salts, and most of all by sodium chloride.

The problem of using saline soils for crops is extremely urgent.

Various solutions to this problem are proposed.

Methods are being developed for restoring the forest-growing properties of saline soils (RU 2388201, A01B 79/00, 05/10/2010), methods for growing certain plants during the development of saline lands that have left agricultural use (RU 2253221, A01G 1/00, A01G 25/00, 10.06.2005 ), new varieties of cultivated plants resistant to soil salinization are created by selection methods (RU 2138156, A01H 1/04, A01H 1/02, 09/27/1999) and genetic engineering methods (RU 2378379, A01H 1/04, 01/10/2010) .

Known methods of protecting plants from salt stress, which include the use of various preparations, salt protectors for presowing treatment of seeds.

For example, rice seeds were proposed to be etched with an aqueous solution of a double copolymer of acrylic acid amide and triacryloylhexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (RU 2197804, A01C 1/00, A01G 16/00, A01N 25/00, 02/10/2003). The drug is toxic and poorly decomposed in the soil. A known method of increasing the salt tolerance of crops by soaking seeds in a solution containing a composition of a very complex composition. One of the components is halophyte extract (RU 2259702, A01C 1/00, 09/10/2005). The multicomponent and the complexity of obtaining the composition complicates and increases the cost of this known method.

Closest to the claimed method of increasing the salt tolerance of plants is the method described in patent RU 2209537, A01C 1/00, A01G 7/00, 08/10/2003 (prototype), which proposes presowing seed soaking for an hour in warm (30-35 ° C) 10% aqueous solution of proline amino acids in a thermostat at a temperature of 30 ° C, followed by washing in running cold tap water and drying on filter paper. Then the seeds are germinated and the sprouted plants are treated with a sprayer with a complex aqueous solution prepared at the rate of 15 g of proline, 10 g of sucrose per 100 ml of water. The treatment is repeated after 10-12 days.

The prototype method is based on known information that the amino acid proline and sucrose are effective salt protectors. Proline combines salt-protecting properties with the ability to accumulate in large quantities endogenously or exogenously in the vegetative organs of plants under stress, and the accumulation of proline is enhanced against the background of increased carbohydrate content in tissues (Physiology and Biochemistry of Agricultural Plants. Edited by N.N. Tretyakov. - M.: Kolos, 1998, p.545; Savitskaya IN On the physiological role of proline in plants // Scientific reports of the Higher School, 1976, No. 2, p. 55; Diagnostics of plant resistance to stressful effects. Ed. L.V. Udovenko. L .: VIR. 1998, p.96).

A significant disadvantage of the prototype method is the duration and high complexity of the processing. This significantly increases the cost of the known method, since foliar treatment is more complicated and more expensive than processing only seeds. The disadvantage is the high cost and complexity of the chemical process of obtaining the components of the drug used.

The objective of the invention is to develop an effective and easy to use method of increasing the salt tolerance of plants, which uses environmentally friendly, affordable and low cost tools.

The solution of this problem is achieved by the proposed method for increasing the salt tolerance of plants by treating with an aqueous solution of a biologically active substance, in which the seeds are treated with an aqueous solution of a biologically active substance before sowing, for which the seeds are treated semi-dry with a 10-20% aqueous solution of an oxidized starch-containing product (OCD) obtained by oxidizing starch-containing raw materials with oxygen or air in an alkaline solution in the presence of a copper catalyst, and dried to dry uchego state.

Seed treatment with a 10-20% aqueous solution of OCD with a semi-dry method can be carried out in the following ratio: 15-20 ml of solution is taken per 100 g of seeds.

The solution of this problem is also achieved by the proposed method of increasing the salt tolerance of plants by treatment with aqueous solutions of biologically active substances. The seeds are treated with aqueous solutions of biologically active substances before sowing, and the treatment is carried out sequentially in two stages - first the seeds are soaked in an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide (PV) at a concentration of 5 · 10 ^-4 -1 · 10 ^-2 M (1.7 · 10 ^-2 -3.4 · 10 ^-1 g / l), followed by drying, then the seeds are treated semi-dry with a 10-20% aqueous solution of OCD obtained by oxidizing starch-containing raw materials with oxygen or air in an alkaline solution in the presence of a copper catalyst, and dried to loose state.

Seed treatment with a 10-20% aqueous solution of OCD with a semi-dry method can be carried out in the following ratio: 15-20 ml of solution is taken per 100 g of seeds.

In the first embodiment of the proposed method, an environmentally friendly water-soluble oxidized starch-containing product (CSR) obtained by oxidizing starch-containing raw materials with excellent adhesive properties and high adhesion to the surface of plant seeds is used as a biologically active substance (RU 2017750, C08B 30/18, C09J 103/02 , 08/15/1994).

The superprotective properties of OCD have not yet been investigated. Given the chemical composition of starch-containing raw materials, rich in carbohydrates, proteins, etc., from which OCD is obtained, and the known information on the salt-protective properties of proline and sucrose used in the prototype method, it seemed very advisable to test the salt-protective effect of OCD.

In the second variant of the proposed method, a sequential two-stage treatment of seeds with aqueous solutions of two biologically active substances is used - first the seeds are soaked in an aqueous solution of PV followed by drying, then they are treated with an aqueous solution of OCD with a semi-dry method. It is known that PV is a non-toxic, environmentally friendly and unique in many properties plant growth regulator (Korzinnikov Yu.S. Ecologically safe plant protection products. Vestnik RAAS. 1997, No. 2, p. 44-47; Apasheva L.M., Komissarov GG Effect of hydrogen peroxide on the development of plants. Izv. RAS, ser. Biol. 1996, No. 5, pp. 621-623; RU 2142707, A01N 59/00, 12.20.1999; RU 2172099, A01G 1/00, 08/20/2001).

In the claimed method (in both versions), a 10-20% aqueous solution of OCD is used, which is prepared by diluting an aqueous solution of the initial water-soluble product obtained by oxidizing starch-containing raw materials with oxygen or air in an alkaline solution in the presence of a copper catalyst according to the known method described in the above RF patent No. 20177750, C08B 30/18, C09J 103/02, 08/15/1994.

The proposed method (options) was tested in the laboratory under severe experimental conditions. Rigid conditions for growing plants under salt stress conditions were created by a single irrigation of the cultivation medium with a solution of sodium chloride. The basis of the cultivation medium was washed sand. Sand and a humidifier were taken in the proportion: 100 ml of sand + 40 ml of humidifier - a solution of sodium chloride. On this medium, plants were grown in laboratory conditions for 20-30 days at a temperature of 18-20 ° C until they were partially or completely killed. When testing took into account the growth and degree of development of plants according to morphological characteristics and the number of surviving plants at the end of the experiment. Sodium chloride solutions were prepared by diluting NaCl in distilled water. In experiments where the medium was moistened with solutions of sodium chloride at a concentration of 9 g / l, the germination and growth of plants were blocked immediately. For testing the proposed method used NaCl solutions in a concentration of from 4.5 to 7 g / L.

Plants with a certain practical value in agriculture and belonging to different families with different types of germination and development were tested. For each type of test and control, at least 100 seeds were taken in the experiments.

The objects of the tests were the following plants:

Beta vulgaris - beetroot, family of cinnamon, variety Fodder, harvest 2004, root crop, industrial fodder crop;

Brassica napus - spring rape, cruciferous family, cultivar Spring, 2004 harvest, industrial oilseed;

Carthamus tinctorius - safflower, family Asteraceae, variety Krasilny, 2008 crop, oilseed, forage;

Sorghum - sorghum, cereal family, perspective variety, harvest 2005, fodder, food crop.

We give examples of tests.

Example 1

Rapeseed seeds were sown on Wednesday, once moistened with a solution of NaCl at a concentration of 6 g / L. Types of control: K1 - seeds were sown without treatment; K2 - seeds were sown after soaking for 10 hours in water. Experiments: PV - the seeds were soaked before sowing for 10 hours in a PV solution, the concentration of 1 · 10 ^-3 mol / l (3.4 · 10 ^-2 g / l); OCD - dry seeds were treated with a 10% OCD solution; PV + OCD - the seeds were first soaked for 10 hours in a PV solution (concentration of 1 · 10 ^-3 mol / L), dried and treated with a 10% OCD solution, followed by drying to a free-flowing state.

On day 10, the number of living plants and the number of plants with a cotyledon leaf were taken into account. On day 20, the number of surviving plants. The results are shown in table 1.

Table 1 Rapeseed Salinity Test Type of test The number of plants,% 10th day 20th day living with cotyledon leaf living K1 10 no no K2 fifteen no no PV 25 5 13 OCD twenty 3 12 PV + OCD 40 9 23

Example 2

Beet seeds were sown on a medium once moistened with a solution of NaCl at a concentration of 5.5 g / L. Types of tests: K - control, seeds were soaked in water for 10 hours; experiments: PV1 - the seeds were soaked before sowing for 10 hours in a PV solution at a concentration of 1 · 10 ^-2 mol / l (3.4 · 10 ^-1 g / l); PV2 - the seeds were soaked before sowing for 10 hours in a PV solution at a concentration of 1 · 10 ^-3 mol / l (3.4 · 10 ^-2 g / l); OCD - dry seeds were treated with a 15% OCD solution; PV1 + CSR - the seeds were first soaked for 10 hours in a PV solution at a concentration of 1 · 10 ^-2 mol / l, dried and treated with a 15% CSR solution, followed by drying to a free-flowing state; PV2 + CSR - the seeds were first soaked for 10 hours in a PV solution at a concentration of 1 · 10 ^-3 mol / L, dried and treated with a 15% CSR solution, followed by drying to a free-flowing state.

On the 6th day, plants with a height of at least 2-3 cm were recorded, on the 9th day - with a height of at least 4 cm, on the 14th day - with a height of at least 7 cm, on the 20th day - the number all living plants. The results are shown in table 2.

table 2 Testing the salt tolerance of beet plants Type of test The number of plants,% 6th day 9th day 14th day 20th day 2-3 cm height Height 4 cm Height 7 cm Living TO 10 12 twenty 23 PV1 fourteen fourteen 23 27 PV2 12 eleven 22 25 OCD 12 12 twenty thirty PV1 + OCD eighteen twenty 40 fifty PV2 + OCD twenty 28 45 66

Example 3

Sorghum seeds were sown on a medium moistened with a NaCl solution at a concentration of 6 g / L. The types of tests are similar to example 1. Accounting for the number of surviving plants was carried out on the 20th day, measured their height and calculated the average value. The results are shown in table 3.

Table 3 The salt tolerance test of sorghum plants according to example 3 Type of test The number of plants,% Plant height, cm (average values) Live on the 20th day K1 (dry) no - K2 (water) fourteen 1,5 PV 22 four OCD eighteen 3 PV + OCD 36 7

Example 4

Sorghum seeds were treated according to the sample of Example 2. Sown on a medium moistened with a solution of NaCl at a concentration of 5 g / L. On the 6th day, the number of plants with a height of at least 1.5 cm was recorded, on the 10th day - the number of plants with a distinct 3rd leaf, on the 20th day - the number of plants with a height of at least 10 cm. The results are shown in the table four.

Table 4 The salt tolerance test of sorghum plants according to example 4 Type of test The number of plants,% 6th day 10th day 20th day 1.5 cm 3rd sheet living 10 cm TO fourteen four 22 12 PV1 16 9 28 16 PV2 fifteen 6 26 fourteen OCD 16 10 26 fifteen PV1 + OCD 26 19 54 twenty PV2 + OCD thirty 26 56 40

Example 5

Safflower seeds were sown on the most saline medium - the humidifier was taken with a NaCl concentration of 7 g / l. Types of tests: K - control, seeds were soaked in water for 10 hours; experiments: PV1 + CSR - the seeds were first soaked for 10 hours in a PV solution at a concentration of 1 · 10 ^-2 mol / l, dried and treated with a 20% CSR solution, followed by drying to a granular state; PV2 + CSR - seeds were first soaked for 10 hours in a PV solution at a concentration of 1 · 10 ^-3 mol / L, dried and treated with a 20% CSR solution, followed by drying to a free-flowing state. During processing in the experiment, 15% of the seeds were slightly bent. The greatest release of the cotyledon leaf — in 17% of plants — was observed in the PV2 + OCD experiment (concentration of PV 1 · 10 ^-3 mol / l), in the PV1 + OCD experiment (concentration of PV1 · 10 ^-2 mol / l) - in 10% of plants. In the control, only 3% of the plants had a pronounced vacated cotyledon leaf. Plant development has been suppressed. By the 14th day, there were no living plants in the control, in the experiment “PV1 + OCD” (concentration of PV 1 · 10 ^-2 mol / l), 7% of living plants remained, in the experiment “PV2 + OCD” (concentration of PV 1 · 10 ^-3 mol / L) - 13%. By the 30th day of the experiment, all plants died in the experiment “PV1 + OCD” (concentration of PV 1 · 10 ^-2 mol / l). In the experiment “PV2 + OCD” (concentration of PV 1 · 10 ^-3 mol / l), 10% of live but inhibited plants remained.

Example 6

Safflower seeds were treated according to the sample of Example 5. Sown on a medium moistened with a solution of NaCl at a concentration of 6 g / L. On the 7th day, the number of plants with an open cotyledon leaf and a height of 3 cm was taken into account, on the 13th day - the number of plants 5 cm high, on the 20th day - the number of living plants. The results are shown in table 5.

Table 5 The salt tolerance test of safflower plants according to example 6 Type of test The number of plants,% 7th day 13th day 20th day Height 3 cm Height 5 cm Living TO 8 13 7 PV1 + OCD 5 6 10 PV2 + OCD eleven 21 twenty

Thus, from the above examples it is seen that the proposed method (options) can significantly increase the salt tolerance of plants in harsh growing conditions. The most effective is the second variant of the claimed method by pre-sowing seed treatment in two stages - first by soaking in an aqueous solution of PV, then processing by a semi-dry method with an aqueous solution of OCD obtained by oxidation of starch-containing raw materials. The claimed method is universal, as it has been tested on several types of plants and under conditions of varying degrees of salinity. The method uses environmentally friendly, affordable and low cost tools.

Claims (4)

1. A method of increasing the salt tolerance of plants by treating seeds with an aqueous solution of a biologically active substance, characterized in that the seeds are treated with an aqueous solution of a biologically active substance before sowing, for which the seeds are treated semi-dry with a 10-20% aqueous solution of an oxidized starch-containing product obtained by oxidation starch-containing raw materials in an alkaline solution in the presence of a copper catalyst, and dried to a granular state. 2. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the pre-sowing treatment of seeds with a 10-20% aqueous solution of an oxidized starch-containing product by a semi-dry method is carried out in the following ratio: 15-20 ml of solution is taken per 100 g of seeds. 3. A method of increasing the salt tolerance of plants by treating seeds with aqueous solutions of biologically active substances, characterized in that the seeds are treated with aqueous solutions of biologically active substances before sowing, and the treatment is carried out sequentially in two stages - first the seeds are soaked in an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide in a concentration
5 · 10 ^-4 -1 · 10 ^-3 M (1.7 · 10 ^-2 -3.4 · 10 ^-1 g / l), followed by drying, then the seeds are treated semi-dry with a 10-20% aqueous solution of oxidized starch-containing product obtained by oxidation of starch-containing raw materials in an alkaline solution in the presence of a copper catalyst, and dried to a granular state. 4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the seed treatment with a 10-20% aqueous solution of an oxidized starch-containing product by a semi-dry method is carried out in the following ratio: 15-20 ml of solution are taken per 100 g of seeds.