RU2443534C2 - Multipurpose nc machine tool with laser optical head and automatic tool change - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: machine tool comprises stationary foundation, column translating in foundation guides, spindle wheel translating horizontally and vertically in the guides fixed on said column, tool magazine, workpiece change device, cabinet-type cutting area guard. Machine tool is provided with rotary spindle head arranged spindle wheel, laser optical head to be opened in response to command from NC circuit, laser radiator and waveguide fitted into compression spring and laid into box bent to match bending radius so that said waveguide mad be contracted and restored when spindle head and laser optical head turn.

EFFECT: expanded performances.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering and can be used to process parts of complex shape without reinstallation with a maximum concentration of operations for turning, drilling, milling, boring, hobbing and grinding operations, cutting, polishing and using a laser for drilling, requiring the movement of the tool simultaneously for 3 -5 coordinates.

Previously known multi-purpose machines made it possible to perform drilling, milling, boring, threading, machining of complex parts in three, four and five coordinates [1], [2], [3].

The objective of the invention is to expand the technological capabilities of the machine by increasing the number of operations, namely, the machine can, in addition to the above operations, perform turning operations, grinding and hobbing from one installation, also using a laser head integrated into the spindle head - drilling, including the number of microscopic holes, cutting metals without burr formation, using laser defocusing to produce laser polishing, fusing the metal scallops, producing dit laser hardening.

The rigidity of the carrier system allows for high precision machining. The machine is made on linear rolling guides, providing high accuracy of movements and having a low coefficient of friction. Drive electric motors provide stepless feed control in all coordinates. The drive of the built-in rotary table is a torkmotor, which allows you to rotate the faceplate with the necessary speed and torque, as well as position it in any angular position with the necessary accuracy. The spindle is a spindle motor with a built-in clamping mechanism for pressing the tool, cooling the stator winding, a supply of cutting fluid through the tool, and a device for fixing the angular position of the tool, which is necessary for turning types of processing. The maximum spindle speed is 12,000 rpm, which allows, together with the rotation of the table, to carry out grinding types of work. The built-in optical head in the headstock in parallel with the spindle motor also has all the motion functions that allow the use of laser radiation on the basis of the CNC. All operations are equipped with a device for automatic chip cleaning and the removal of cutting fluid from the cutting zone, with the exception of the ingress of processed products to the machine's operating units, which determine its accuracy and operability.

The machine uses centralized impulse lubrication of the guides, controlled from the machine's numerical program control system.

The figure 1 presents a General view of the machine.

The figure 2 presents the embedding of the laser optical head.

The base 1 is a rigid, massive, stable T-shaped structure, on which linear rolling guides are mounted, along which the rotary table 2 and the spacer 3 with the column 4 are moved. Column 4 is a rigid cast box-shaped structure. On the guides mounted on the column, the headstock 5 is moved with the rotary spindle head 6. mounted on it. The movement is carried out by drives 7, 8, 9 with high-torque electric motors via ball screw drives. To expand technological operations, the machining center is equipped with a tool magazine 10 for 40 tools, automatically feeding the tool to the spindle device at the command of the CNC. A laser head 12 is mounted on the bracket 11. A laser emitter with fiber-optic communication is mounted on the housing of the headstock 6, which is closed by a shutter that automatically opens the optical laser head by the CNC command. The fiber-optic cable is mounted in the compression spring 13 by means of a round loop 14, fits when the spindle head is rotated 90 °, compressing the compression spring with fiber-optic communication in a box 15 curved along the bending radius of the fiber optic cable, mounted on the bracket 16. When turning the spindle head with the optical head in the initial position, the loop 14 is compressed, occupying the initial state, regulated by the bending radius of the optical fiber cable.

The machine works as follows: the workpiece is installed on the table pos.2, (also possible to install in the device) and clamp. The operator turns on the CNC system and the cycle begins. The tool is installed in the spindle cone pos.6 from the tool magazine pos.10 automatically. The rotary spindle pos. 6 with the tool rotates at a given speed and, in addition to drilling, milling, boring, can also be hobbled or ground horizontally, vertically or at an angle depending on the required machining of a part of complex shape from one installation. When carrying out turning types of work, a non-rotating tool (cutter) is installed in the rotary spindle pos. 6, which is fixed from rotation, The built-in rotating table with a higher frequency pos.3 (axis C) moves in the transverse direction (axis Y), is positioned in any angular position for turning, drilling, milling and boring types of work, as well as hobbing, grinding and laser operations from one installations, thus expanding the technological capabilities of the machine. The laser device comes into operation at the command of the CNC.

Coordinate drives are independently controlled by the CNC system. After executing the specified program, the tool is retracted from the part, and the part processing cycle is completed.

Information sources

1. Certificate No. 10361 for the utility model “Vertical multi-purpose drilling, milling and boring machine with a cross table, CNC and ASI”.

2. Patent No. 72892 for a utility model, “Vertical multi-purpose drilling, milling and boring machine with the possibility of grinding work, with numerical program control and automatic tool change”.

3. Prospectus of NTO LLC "IRE-Polus". Optical heads.

Claims (1)

A multi-purpose machine with numerical control (CNC), a laser optical head and automatic tool change, comprising a fixed bed, a column that can be moved longitudinally along the guides of the bed, a headstock that can be moved longitudinally and vertically along the guides mounted on the column, a tool magazine , device for changing workpieces, fencing of the cutting zone "cabinet type", characterized in that it is equipped with a rotary spindle head mounted on the sp an individual headstock, a laser optical head, capable of automatically opening by command of the CNC, a laser emitter and an optical fiber cable, which is mounted in a compression spring in the form of a loop, laid in a box curved along its bending radius with the possibility of compression of the said loop and occupying the initial state with a regulated bending radius of the fiber optic cable when turning the spindle head and laser optical head.

Images