RU2443058C2 - Method for coherent interference formation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radio electronics.

SUBSTANCE: device for coherent interference formation contains two antennas, two decoupling units, two digital data storages, two bandpass digital radio-frequency transformers, two phase inverters, two operation mode switch gears, two bandpass radio-frequency digital transformers, two attenuators, two amplifiers, two calibration signal generators, coherent interference modulator, two measuring sets of complex amplification coefficient, two Doppler modulators, electronic reconnaissance system, control CPU, bank of compensating adjustments.

EFFECT: increased effectiveness of coherent interference formation in the wide range of electronic warfare system frequencies.

1 dwg, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of electronic warfare and is intended for use in electronic jamming complexes, active jamming stations (SAPs) and electronic protection equipment of various objects for the purpose of electronic jamming (REP) of radar stations and radar homing heads (RGS) guided missiles operating in tracking and guidance mode. The coherent jamming device is used to create coherent interference in a wide frequency range together with distance and speed taps when operating as autonomously (for example, when targeting aircraft, when working as part of various test benches, etc.) , and as a part of REP systems under external control.

A device for generating coherent interference [1] is known, which contains two transceiver antennas, two circulators, two gating devices, a phase and amplitude modulation device, two delay lines, two microwave switches and an amplifier. The device relays radar signals (RGS) two cross paths. For effective operation of the device, the identity (provided by leveling) of the phase and amplitude characteristics of the relay paths at all frequencies of the device’s operating range is required, however, in the device in question, the phase and amplitude characteristics are equalized only at one frequency of the operating range (usually at the middle frequency).

The disadvantage of the described device [1] is the low efficiency of coherent interference due to the non-identical phase-frequency and amplitude-frequency characteristics of the relay paths in most of the operating frequency range.

A device is known - apparatus for creating coherent interference [2] (prototype), containing two transceiver antennas, two isolation nodes, two mode switches, two band-frequency digital-frequency converters, two digital memories, two strip digital-to-frequency converters, two phase shifters , two attenuators, two amplifiers, a calibration signal generator, a complex gain meter and a coherent noise modulator that generates coherent interference by relaying the received diversity antennas ami signals in two cross paths. The phase and amplitude characteristics of the cross-paths are equalized by introducing phase and gain corrections obtained during the calibration into one of the relay paths.

The disadvantage of the described device [2] is the coordination of the amplitude and phase characteristics of two cross paths at the same frequency range and without taking into account the amplitude and phase characteristics of some elements of the relay paths (for example, antennas and communication lines with antennas) that are not covered during calibration, as well as a decrease in efficiency electronic suppression of radar (RGS) at small distances.

The invention is aimed at ensuring the effective operation of the device in the entire operating frequency range of the REP system and at all distances of the aircraft - radar (RGS).

This is achieved by the fact that in order to equalize the amplitude and phase characteristics of the two relay paths of the device, one of them during operation, adaptively, depending on the current value of the carrier frequency of the radar (CGS), equalizing phase and gain corrections obtained during the calibration process are introduced taking into account amplitude and phase characteristics of all, without exception, elements of these paths, as well as the introduction of Doppler modulators.

The invention differs from the known closest analogue [2] containing a first antenna, a first decoupling unit, a first mode switch, a first band-pass digital frequency-to-digital converter, a first digital memory, a first strip digital-to-radio frequency converter, a first phase shifter, a first attenuator, a first amplifier, a second isolation node, a second antenna, a second mode switch, a second band-pass radio frequency-digital converter, a second digital memory, a second strip digital-to-radio frequency converter The caller, the second phase shifter, the second attenuator, the second amplifier, the first calibration signal generator, the first complex gain meter and the coherent noise modulator, in that the device also has a second calibration signal generator, the second complex gain meter, the first Doppler modulator, and the second Doppler modulator, equalization correction bank with phase output, amplitude output, one bus input and output, electronic intelligence system with one the input, one output and the bus terminals and the control central processor with the bus terminals, and the coherent noise modulator additionally has one bus input and outputs, the output of the first isolation node being connected to the input of the first band-frequency digital-frequency converter, the output of which is connected to the input of the radio intelligence system and to the measuring input of the first meter of the integrated gain, the reference input of which is connected to the output of the first generator of the calibration signal, the output of the first digital the memory is connected to the input of the first Doppler modulator, the output of which is connected to the first input of the first mode switch, the output of which is connected to the input of the first phase shifter, the output of the first attenuator is connected to the input of the first strip digital-to-frequency converter, the output of which is connected to the input of the first amplifier, the output of the second decoupling unit is connected to the input of the second band-pass RF-digital converter, the output of which is connected to the measuring input of the second complex gain, the output of the second digital memory is connected to the input of the second Doppler modulator, the output of which is connected to the first input of the second mode switch, the output of which is connected to the input of the second phase shifter, the output of the second attenuator is connected to the input of the second digital-to-frequency converter, the output of which is connected to the input the second amplifier, the output of the second calibration signal generator is connected to the reference input of the second complex gain meter and to the second input of W of the operating mode switch, the phase output of the equalization correction bank is connected to the control input of the first phase shifter, and the amplitude output of the equalization correction bank is connected to the control input of the first attenuator, the output of the radio intelligence system is connected to the input of the equalization correction bank and to the additional input of the coherent noise modulator, conclusions the buses of the control central processor are connected to the terminals of the bus of the radio intelligence system, the first and second meters of the complex a clear gain, the first and second calibration signal generators, the first and second mode switches, the equalization correction bank, and the coherent noise modulator.

The combination of essential features that distinguish the invention from the closest analogue, when carrying out the invention, provides coordination of the amplitude and phase characteristics of two cross paths over the entire frequency range, taking into account the amplitude and phase characteristics of all elements of the relay paths without exception, and also increases the effectiveness of electronic suppression of radar (CWG) by small distances by providing speed drifts.

The scheme of the coherent jamming device shown in Fig. 1 contains a first antenna (1), a first isolation node (2), a first switch of operating modes with bus terminals (3), a first band-pass RF-digital converter (4), and a first digital memory (5), the first strip digital-to-radio frequency converter (6), the first phase shifter (7), the first attenuator (8), the first amplifier (9), the second isolation node (10), the second antenna (11), the second mode switch bus pins (12), second bandpass RF / digital converter (13) , a second digital memory (14), a second strip digital-to-radio frequency converter (15), a second phase shifter (16), a second attenuator (17), a second amplifier (18), a first calibration signal generator (19), a first complex gain meter ( 20), a coherent interference modulator with bus inputs and outputs (21), a second calibration signal generator (22), a second complex gain meter (23), a first Doppler modulator (24), a second Doppler modulator (25), an equalization correction bank ( 26) with phase output, amplit a remote output, one bus input and outputs, a radio intelligence system (27) with one input, one bus output and outputs, and a control central processor (28) with bus outputs.

The diagram of one of the variants of the coherent interference modulator, shown in Fig. 2, contains: a synchronized modulating signal generator (29) with one input and one output, a multiplexer (30) with first and second inputs, controlling the input and one output, the first programmable write register (RPSR) phase (31) with one output and bus terminals, the second RPS phase (32) with one output and bus terminals and RPS amplitude (33) with one bus output and outputs, and the input of the synchronized modulating signal generator (29 ) connected to the system output electronic intelligence (27) and the output is to the control input of the multiplexer (30), the output of which is connected to the control input of the second phase shifter (16), and the first and second inputs are to the outputs of the first and second MES phase, respectively, the bus terminals of which are connected to the bus terminals the control central processor (28), the pins of the PDZR bus of amplitude (33) are connected to the terminals of the bus of the control central processor (28), and the output is connected to the control input of the second attenuator (17).

Figure 3 shows a block diagram of the operating algorithm of the control central processor (CPU).

The coherent jamming device operates in two modes: in calibration mode and in operating mode.

In the calibration mode, which is started after switching on, the device is calibrated for each frequency of a certain frequency grid, consisting of N values, covering the entire range of operating frequencies. To do this, the calibration signal generator 19, which is a frequency synthesizer that generates a harmonic signal at one of N values of a priori specified frequency grid, generates a calibration signal at the first frequency of the grid, which passes through the operating mode switch 3, phase shifter 7, attenuator 8, band-pass digital the radio-frequency converter 6, the amplifier 9 and the isolation node 10, is radiated into the space by the antenna 11, received by the antenna 1, and through the isolation node 2 and the RF-digital converter 4 enters the meter first input meter complex gain 20 which measures the complex gain of the received measurement input calibration signal transmitted first relay circuit (elements listed above), the relative initial released to the active path. The obtained value of the complex gain k1 is stored by the control CPU 28. Then, the calibration signal generator 22 generates a similar calibration signal, also at the first grid frequency, which, having passed the second relay path (elements 12, 16, 17, 15, 18, 2, 1, 11 , 10, 13), is fed to the measuring input similar to the first (20) second meter of the complex gain 23, which also measures the complex gain of the calibration signal received from the measuring input of the relative source ( generated by the calibration signal generator 22). The value of the complex gain k2 is stored by the control CPU 28. Based on the obtained values of the complex gains k1 and k2, the control CPU 28 calculates the necessary phase and gain corrections for a given grid frequency and writes them to the equalization correction bank 26. The calculation is performed using the formulas:

where K and φ are the necessary corrections of the gain and phase;

k1re and k1im are the real and imaginary components of the complex gain of the first relay path;

k2re and k2im are the real and imaginary components of the complex gain of the second relay path;

sign (x) = 1 for x> 0

sign (x) = - 1 for x <0.

The formation of similar corrections is carried out for each frequency of the frequency grid. After the calibration mode ends, the equalization correction bank 26 contains corrections for each grid frequency, and the device enters the operating mode.

In the operating mode, the probing signals of radioelectronic devices (REs) irradiating the protected medium are received by antennas 1 and 11 spaced apart in space, through the first and second decoupling nodes 2 and 10, they are fed to the inputs of the RF-digital converters 4 and 13, where they are transferred to the base band frequencies (for example, in the region of zero frequencies) and are digitized. From the output of the radio-frequency-to-digital converter 4, the digital signal is fed to the input of the radio intelligence system (RTR) 27 implemented according to the principles described in [3, 4, 5], which detects radio electronic signals present in the operating frequency range, measures the parameters of the detected radio signals ( frequency, pulse repetition period, pulse duration, power and other parameters of the signals, if necessary), determines the most dangerous RES and makes an accurate measurement of the carrier frequency of its radio signal, allowing yuschee make appropriate corrections selection phase and the gain and the power of the radio signal. From the output of the strip RF-digital converter 4 and the output of the strip RF-digital converter 13, the signals are transmitted to digital memory 5 and digital memory 14, respectively, where they are stored and generated from stored copies of interference signals endowed with range modulation. Further, in the Doppler modulator 24 and in the Doppler modulator 25, the interference signals are endowed with noise in speed and, respectively, through the switch 3 and the switch 12 are fed to the phase shifter 7 and the phase shifter 16 and then to the attenuator 8 and attenuator 17, respectively. The frequency value from the output of the RTR 27 system is supplied to the equalization correction bank 26, at the phase and amplitude outputs of which phase and gain corrections are obtained, obtained as a result of calibration, and corresponding to the frequency of the frequency grid closest to the measured signal frequency of the suppressed RES. In the phase shifter 7 and attenuator 8, the generated interfering signal is delayed in phase and amplified in amplitude by correction values that ensure the phase and amplitude characteristics of the relay paths of the device are equal. When the carrier frequency of the signal of the suppressed RES is changed, the RTP 27 system issues a new frequency value to the equalization correction bank 26, and new phase and gain corrections corresponding to the new frequency are set at the phase and amplitude outputs of the equalization correction bank. The phase shifter 16 and the attenuator 17, controlled by the coherent noise modulator 21, by modulating within a small phase range relative to the value of 180 ° and amplitude relative to the value 1 provide the effect of a dynamic change in the direction and magnitude of the angular error introduced into the auto tracking circuit of the suppressed RES. The modulator can be performed according to various schemes, for example, according to the scheme shown in figure 2. The modulator (figure 2) works as follows. In the operating mode of the device, the control CPU writes the phase value slightly less than 180 ° to the first DPSR of the phase (31), and slightly more than 180 ° to the second DPS of the phase (32). The control CPU records 1. The synchronized generator of the modulating signal (29) in the amplification frequency amplification amplifier (31) of amplitude control (29) and, under the influence of the constant power input to the RTR system, evaluates the power of the radio signal of the suppressed RES and generates a “meander” logic signal at its output with a frequency equal to the fundamental frequency input signal (signal at the input of node 29). The signal from the output of the generator (29) controls the position of the multiplexer (30), which alternately outputs to the second phase shifter (16) the phase values stored in the first and second MES phase (31 and 32), which ensures a periodic change in the sign of the error introduced by the coherent noise and " swinging ”of the angular contour of tracking the suppressed RES, leading to a decrease in the functioning efficiency of the latter [1, 2, 3]. The digital signal from the output of the attenuator 8 and the digital signal from the output of the attenuator 17 are converted respectively in a strip digital-to-radio frequency converter 6 and in a strip digital-to-radio frequency converter 15 into an analog form, amplified in an amplifier 9 and an amplifier 18, and radiated by an antenna 1 and an antenna 11, respectively direction of suppressed RES.

The first and second calibration signal generators (19 and 22), the first and second operating mode switches (3 and 12), the equalization correction bank (26), the coherent noise modulator (21) and the RTR system (27) contain registers that are programmable for recording (DPSR), and the first and second meters of the complex gain (20, 23) and the RTR system (27) are software-readable registers (PDCHR) connected to the bus [7, 8] of the control CPU (28) that controls all nodes of the claimed device. In the data exchange cycles, the control CPU is the leading one and can write data to the DLP (in this case, the data is distributed from the control CPU to the corresponding node containing the DLP) and read them from the HDL (the data is distributed from the corresponding node containing the HDL to the control CPU). Separate access (both read and write) of the processor to the program-accessible registers (PDRs) connected to its bus is provided due to their various addresses on the bus. The sequence of recording / reading of the PDLR and PDLR of the considered functional units is determined by the algorithm of the control CPU (Fig. 3).

In the device calibration mode, the control CPU (28) downloads the calibration signal frequency codes and the on / off commands for generating the calibration signal into the PDL of the first (19) and second (22) calibration signal generators. In the operating mode of the device, the generators (19) and (22) are turned off.

The information read out from the PCD of the first and second meters of the complex gain (20, 23) and the RTR system (27) via the control CPU bus is supplied to the random access memory (RAM) and the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) of the control CPU. When reading, information is shared thanks to the individual addresses of each PDCHR on the control CPU bus, and when the control CPU is stored in RAM, due to storage in its different cells (with corresponding addresses).

When recording data in the DPS of the first and second calibration signal generators (19 and 22), the first and second mode switches (3 and 12), the equalization correction bank (26), the coherent noise modulator (21) and the RTR system (27) on the bus the control CPU, information is received from the ALU of the control CPU and is also shared thanks to the individual addresses of each DLP on the control CPU bus.

The values of k1 and k2, read from the PDL of the first and second meters of the complex gain (20 and 23), are used for calculations according to formulas (1) and (2). The values of the corrections K and φ calculated for all the grid frequencies, as well as the control commands, are downloaded by the CPU control via the bus to the equalization correction bank 26.

In the RPS system of the RTR system (27), the control CPU (28) receives commands to control the operating modes of this system and the data necessary for operation. The central processor reads the parameters of the signals selected to suppress the most dangerous RES, the parameters of all detected and accompanied signals of other RES (if necessary), and information about the current state of the RTR system from the RTC of the RTR system (27).

In the coherent interference modulator DZR (21), the control CPU (28) records the necessary data and on / off commands for operation.

The specific form and content of the control commands and data recorded in the RTP system (27) connected to the control CPU pulser CPU and coherent noise modulator (21), and the data read out from the Pdhr RTP system (27) can be different, do not fundamentally affect the essence of the invention (since they do not relate to calibrating the device and ensuring the formation of coherent interference in the operating mode) and therefore are not considered in detail in the application.

The first and second switches of the operating modes (3 and 12) contain a PDL connected (by the terminals of the data bus of the nodes) to the bus of the control CPU 28 (i.e., to the terminals of the bus of the control CPU). The controlling CPU, by loading the switches in the DLS of the switches (3 and 12), controls the position of the switches. In calibration mode, the switches transmit signals from their second inputs (i.e., from the first (19) and second (22) calibration signal generators) to the outputs, and in the operating mode, from their first inputs (i.e. from the outputs of the first ( 24) and the second (25) Doppler modulators).

The practical implementation of the coherent noise shaping device is carried out using Digital Radio-Frequency Memory (DRFM) technology. DRFM devices are used in the vast majority of modern and promising REP systems to generate interference from copies of the received probe signal of the suppressed RES [6]. DRFM devices directly carry out the storage of the received radio signal in a certain frequency band, covering its effective spectrum width, storage of the stored signal, the collection of interference from a stored copy, and the necessary Doppler, temporal, and amplitude modulations of the generated interference [6].

Elements 4, 5, 24, 8, 6 in the aggregate and elements 13, 14, 25, 17, 15 in the aggregate are nothing but the DRFM channels known today. Elements 19, 20, 3, 7, 26 can be functionally integrated with the first DRFM channel formed by elements 4, 5, 24, 8, 6, and elements 22, 23, 12, 16 with a second DRFM channel formed by elements 13, 14, 25, 17, 15. Thus obtained modernized DRFM channels can be structurally implemented on the same board together with the PTP 27 system [3, 4, 5] and the control CPU 28 serving both DRFM channels. Digital elements (5, 7, 8, 12, 14, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28) can be implemented in one programmable logic integrated circuit (FPGA), for example, FPGAs of the Stratix-IV family (Altera company), and radio-frequency-digital and digital-radio-frequency converters - on the corresponding analog microcircuits: frequency converters, ADCs, DACs and amplifiers. As the control CPU (28), the Nios-II intelligent core (Altera firm) can be used. RF-digital converters 4 and 13, which carry out the transfer of the spectrum of the input signal to the intermediate frequency region, its filtering and digitization, can be constructed according to the well-known scheme on the following elements: microwave filter, quadrature frequency converter, base frequency filter and ADC. Digital-to-frequency converters 6 and 15, which perform digital-to-analog conversion of the generated digital signal, filtering and transferring the spectrum to the working frequency range, contain a DAC, a base frequency filter, a quadrature frequency converter, and an output microwave filter.

Information sources

1. L.B. Van Brant. Handbook of methods for electronic suppression and noise immunity of systems with radar control. Per. from English Ed. K.I. Fomicheva, L.M. Yudina. - M., 1985.

2. Perunov Yu.M., Fomichev K.I., Yudin L.M. Radio-electronic suppression of information channels of weapon control systems / Ed. Yu.M. Perunova. - M .:

Radio engineering, 2003 (prototype).

3. Vakin S.A., Shustov L.N. Fundamentals of radio countermeasures and electronic intelligence. - M.: Soviet Radio, 1968.

4. Vartanesyan V.A. Electronic intelligence. - M .: Military Publishing House, 1991.

5. Borodin A.M., Uskov N.V. Design of radio countermeasures and electronic intelligence systems using simulation methods: Prod. - prakt. ed., - Bender, LLC "RVT", 2002.

6. D. Curds Schleher, Electronic Warfare in the Information Age. - Artech House, Boston, London, 1999.

7. K1810 microprocessor kit: Structure, programming, application: Reference book / Yu.M. Kazarinov, V. N. Nomokonov, G. S. Podkletnov, F. V. Filippov. Ed. Yu.M. Kazarinova. - M .: Higher. school., 1990.

8. V.I. Pershikov, V.M. Savinkov. Explanatory Dictionary of Computer Science. - M .: "Finance and Statistics", 1991.

Claims (1)

A coherent jamming device comprising a first antenna, a first isolation node, the input / output of which is connected to the first antenna, a first mode switch, a first band-pass RF-digital converter, a first digital memory, the input of which is connected to the output of the first band-frequency RF-digital converter, the first bandpass digital-to-frequency converter, the first phase shifter, the first attenuator, the input of which is connected to the output of the first phase shifter, the first amplifier, the second node is isolated and, the input of which is connected to the output of the first amplifier, a second antenna connected to the input-output of the second isolation node, a second mode switch, a second band-frequency radio-frequency converter, a second digital memory, the input of which is connected to the output of the second strip-frequency RF-converter, a second bandpass digital-to-frequency converter, a second phase shifter, a second attenuator, the input of which is connected to the output of the second phase shifter, a second amplifier, the output of which is connected to the input of the first junction node, the first calibration signal generator, the output of which is connected to the second input of the first switch of operating modes, the first complex gain meter and coherent noise modulator, the phase output of which is connected to the control input of the second phase shifter, and the amplitude output to the control input of the second attenuator, characterized in that a second calibration signal generator, a second complex gain meter, a first and a second doppler are additionally introduced into the device Era modulators, a bank of equalization corrections with a phase output, an amplitude output, one bus input and output, a radio intelligence system that detects radio electronic means present in the operating frequency range of the device, measures their parameters, determines the most dangerous electronic means and accurately measures the carrier frequency and the radio signal power of this electronic means, with one input, one output and bus terminals and a control central processor, performing calibration of the claimed device in the calibration mode and controlling the formation of coherent interference in the operating mode by reading data from program-readable registers and writing data to program-writable registers of the device nodes with bus outputs, and the coherent noise modulator additionally has one input and bus outputs, and the output of the first isolation node is connected to the input of the first band-pass RF-digital converter, the output of which is connected to the input of the radio technology system intelligence, detecting the radio signals of electronic means present in the device’s operating frequency range, measuring their parameters, determining the most dangerous electronic means and accurately measuring the carrier frequency and power of the radio signal of the electronic means, and to the measuring input of the first complex gain meter, the reference input of which is connected to the output of the first generator of the calibration signal, the output of the first digital memory is connected to the input of the first of the second Doppler modulator, the output of which is connected to the first input of the first mode switch, the output of which is connected to the input of the first phase shifter, the output of the first attenuator is connected to the input of the first bandpass digital-to-frequency converter, the output of which is connected to the input of the first amplifier, the output of the second isolation node is connected to the input of the second a radio frequency-to-digital converter, the output of which is connected to the measuring input of the second meter of the complex gain, output the second digital memory is connected to the input of the second Doppler modulator, the output of which is connected to the first input of the second mode switch, the output of which is connected to the input of the second phase shifter, the output of the second attenuator is connected to the input of the second digital-to-frequency converter, the output of which is connected to the input of the second amplifier, the output of the second calibration signal generator is connected to the reference input of the second complex gain meter and to the second input of the second mode switch On Saturday, the phase output of the equalization correction bank is connected to the control input of the first phase shifter, and the amplitude output of the equalization correction bank is connected to the control input of the first attenuator, the output of the radio intelligence system that detects radio signals of electronic means present in the working frequency range of the device, which measures their parameters, determines the most dangerous electronic means and carrying out accurate measurement of the carrier frequency and power of the radio signal of a given electronic This means is connected to the input of the equalization correction bank and to the additionally entered input of the coherent interference modulator, the bus terminals of the control central processor that calibrates the claimed device in calibration mode and controls the formation of coherent interference in the operating mode by reading data from program-accessible registers read and recording data into program-accessible writable registers of the device nodes are connected to the bus terminals of the radio intelligence system detecting the radio signals of electronic means that occur in the operating frequency range of the device, measure their parameters, determine the most dangerous electronic means and perform accurate measurements of the carrier frequency and radio signal power of this electronic means, the first and second meters of the integrated gain, the first and second calibration signal generators, the leveling correction bank and a coherent interference modulator and to the additionally entered bus pins of the first and second switch in operation mode.

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