RU2442668C1 - Preparation for the biological treatment of the soil contaminated by chloroorganic substances attributed to emissions of chemical enterprises - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: soils treatment.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the preparations for the biological treatment of the soil contaminated by chloroorganic substances attributed to emissions of chemical enterprises; the preparation for the biological teatment of the soil contains glauconite substance, bioactive silt, amber acid, nitrogen-bearing biogenic element in the form of calurea and water; to stimulate the oxidation activity of microbiotas the cultural liquid of the strain of the bacteria Bacillus subtilis BAG-65 and the still residue of the chemical production containing tetrachloroethane, trichloroethene, chloroform, dichloroethane, methylene chloride and methyl chloride are additionally interposed into the preparation; the preparation components are represented in the following specific mass composition (%): glauconite substance: 65 - 70; bioactive silt: 3 - 5; amber acid: 0.01 - 0.05;nitrogen-bearing biogenic element: 0.01- 0.50; cultural liquid of the strain of the bacteria. Bacillus subtilis BAG-65: 15 - 20; tetrachloroethane: 0.27 - 0.38; trichloroethene: 0.14 - 0.16; chloroform: 0.39 - 0.42; dichloroethane: 0.24 -0.36; methylene chloride: 0.12 - 0.50; methyl chloride: 0.56 - 0.68; water: 17.26 - 1.95;

EFFECT: grown in the ferment bioactive microorganisms of certain physiological groups on the basis of the above preparation in the form of paste contribute not only to the biological treatment of the soil contaminated by chloroorganic substances but also retrieve the vigorous activity of aboriginal microbiota.

10 tbl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to preparations for the biological treatment of soil contaminated with organochlorine substances inherent in emissions of a chemical enterprise.

A known phytoremediation method for cleaning soils from heavy metals, including growing plants on a deactivated area and removing vegetation cover with its further utilization, in which licorice plants Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch on decontaminated area. and amaranth varieties Bagryany create licorice plantations by planting cuttings of four to five years of age from licorice rhizomes 0.20-0.25 m long and 8-20 mm in diameter with four to six axillary buds to a depth of 0.16-0.22 m with wide between rows 2.1-2.8 m in two mutually perpendicular directions with a planting rate of 21500-28600 pieces per hectare, in the first two years of life, licorice plants carry out drip irrigation along rows of plants with a dropper flow rate of 2 to 4 l / h in increments their placement of 0.3-0.4 m in the cavity of flexible irrigation pipelines, by the end of the growing season In the third year of life of licorice plants and associated herbs on a decontaminated area, from September to October, the vegetative mass is mowed at a low cut and laid in silo trenches; each year, at the beginning of the fourth, fifth and sixth years of plant life, they are straight, without soil cultivation, sowing seeds of amaranth plants with a row spacing of 0.7-1.4 m to a depth of 0.5-1.5 cm with a sowing rate of 8 * 10 ⁶ -12 * 10 ⁶ pieces / ha, and in the month of August each year mow and chopped vegetative mass of licorice and amaranth, crushed Assa a cutting lay in the same trench silo, wherein the layers of silage 0.3-0.6 m in the trench made by brine bishofit natural mineral density of 1.1-1.3 tons / m ³ standard liters per 200-400 starting from the eighth year of life of plants in the plantation, a ton of wet silage is extracted licorice root to a depth of 0.4-0.6 m with the extraction of roots and rhizomes of licorice on the day surface in strips 1.1-1.6 m wide in the direction of planting the cuttings licorice with the void zone between the strips of 0.6-0.8 m wide as a reserve and restoration zone of licorice due to the regeneration of roots in the treated strips and the penetration of new roots from the reservation areas, the root mass of licorice is subjected to extraction, non-commodity parts of the root and rhizomes of licorice and waste from extract production are mixed with a silt above-ground mass of licorice and amaranth in trenches, obtained organic fertilizer saturated with trace elements from bischofite brine, late fall superficially applied to the treated strips when extracting the root mass, the upper layer of soil in each strip is milled to agronomic valuable soil aggregates with soil milling cutters to a depth of 0.10-0.16 m and compact the top layer with water-filled rollers with a pressure of 0.16-0.32 MPa, and after a year in the other direction of planting licorice cuttings, re-excavate the licorice root mass (RU, Patent No. 2,338,353 C1. IPC А01В 79/02 (2006.01). Phytoremediation method for cleaning soils from heavy metals / AM Saldaev (RU). - Application No. 2007107274/12; claimed 02/26/2007; publ. 11/20/2008, Bull. No. 32 // Inventions. Useful models. - 2008. - No. 32).

Licorice is a unique natural chemical laboratory. Due to the biological characteristics of the vegetative mass, it accumulates all emissions into the atmosphere, and its root mass absorbs pollutants and heavy metals. However, with a high level of soil pollution with toxicants and organochlorine substances, seedlings of licorice plants die.

A known method of detoxifying contaminated soil by introducing a natural sorbent into it until a specified concentration of a polluting substance in the soil is achieved, using a glauconite-containing substance as a sorbent, in which the type of pollutant and its concentration K ₀ in a sample of contaminated soil are determined before adding the sorbent to the soil, then measure the concentrations of K ₁ , K ₂ , K ₃ and K _{4 of the} pollutant when mixing samples of contaminated soil with a sorbent, respectively, in the proportions of the soil: sorbent - 1: 1, 1: 2, 1: 3, 1: 4, after which the mass m _{c of the} sorbent necessary for mixing with the soil contaminated with a previously determined pollutant with a concentration of K ₀ and the achievement in the soil of a given concentration of a pollutant K _{3 are} determined based on from the following relation:

m _c = m _gr * K1 / [K ₃ * (K ₀ / K ₁ + K ₁ / K ₂ + K ₂ / K ₃ + K ₃ / K ₄ ) / 4],

where m _g is the mass of soil contaminated with previously limiting pollutant with a concentration of K ₀ , the contaminated soil is moistened, then the calculated mass of the sorbent is distributed over the surface of the contaminated soil with simultaneous mixing of the sorbent with the contaminated soil; humidification of contaminated soil is carried out until their moisture content is at least 80%; before applying the sorbent to the soil by examining samples of the surface of the contaminated soil for the content of the pollutant, determine areas with different concentrations of the pollutant in excess of a given concentration; before processing contaminated soil, soil is ground with subsequent separation of the working fraction with a particle size of 0.01-0.10 mm; treatment of contaminated soil with a sorbent is carried out at a positive ambient temperature (RU, patent No. 2296016 C1. IPC B09C 1/08 (2006.01), G21F 9/28 (2006.01). Method for detoxification of contaminated soil / S.A. Andronov (RU), B .I. Bykov (RU), V. G. Serzhantov (RU) - Application No. 2005126354/15; filed August 19, 2005; published March 27, 2007, Bull. No. 9 // Inventions. Useful models. - 2007. - No. 9).

The disadvantages of the described method, in relation to the problem we are solving - the increase in the vital activity of bacterial microflora in preparations for cleaning soil contaminated with organochlorine substances - refers to the fact that this method of detoxification of contaminated soil describes only the method of reducing the rate of application of natural sorbent, and not the composition of the drug for biological treatment of soils from pollutants.

Known biological product for cleaning soil and water from oil and oil products, including aerobic oil-oxidizing bacteria and a filler, in which normal paraffins C ₁₂ -C ₁₈ and ammonium oxalic acid are additionally introduced, and an organic or mineral solid substrate and water are used as filler in the following ratio of components , wt.%:

Organic or mineral solid substrate 40-45 Normal paraffins C ₁₂ -C ₁₈ 1-1.5 Ammonium oxalate 0.05-0.25 Water 58.95-53.29

and aerobic oil-oxidizing bacteria - in an effective amount (cells / g of the drug); as aerobic oil-oxidizing bacteria, it contains the bacteria Micobacterium phlei in a final concentration of 2.5 * 10 ⁹ cells / g of the drug; as aerobic oil-oxidizing bacteria, it contains bacteria Pseudomonas acruginosa in a final concentration of not less than 6 * 10 ⁹ cells / g of the drug; as aerobic oil-oxidizing bacteria, it contains Rodococcus species bacteria in a final concentration of 7 * 10 ⁹ cells / g of the preparation (RU, patent No. 2053205 C1. IPC ⁶ C02F 3/34, C09K 3/22, B09C 1/10, B09C 101/00 Biological product for cleaning soil and water from oil and oil products / M.D. Belonin, E. A. Rogozina, PM Svechina, A. V. Khotyanovich, N. A. Orlova. - Application No. 94034274/13; filed September 29, 1994; publ. 01/27/1996). The disadvantages of the described method include the fact that the oil-oxidizing bacteria Pseudomonas acruginosa do not cope with organochlorine pollutants.

Also known is a preparation for the biological treatment of soil, oil sludge, liquid waste and wastewater from organic compounds and oil products, including a glauconite-containing substance, in which it additionally contains biologically active sludge containing bacterial microflora, a growth stimulator of bacterial microflora in the form of succinic acid, a nitrogen-containing biogenic element in the form of urea and water in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

glauconite-containing substance 88.98-93.45 bioactive sludge 1-5 succinic acid 0.01-0.05 urea 0.01-0.50 water 10-1

(RU, patent No. 2367530 C1. IPC B09C 1/10 (2006.01), C02F 3/34 (2006.01), C02F 1/28 (2006.01). The preparation is the share of biological treatment of soil, oil sludge, liquid waste and sewage from organic compounds and petroleum products and the method of its application (three options) / S.V. Yartsev (RU), N.V. Voronovich (RU), S.A. Romanovsky (RU), AMSherstnev (RU) - Application No. 2008101135/15; Stated January 9, 2008; Published September 20, 2009, Bull. No. 26 // Inventions. Utility models. - 2009. - No. 26).

In this invention, the attention of specialists deserve glauconite-containing substance as a sorbent, biologically active sludge, urea and succinic acid as a medium for the development of beneficial microflora. However, the presented preparation is ineffective on soils contaminated with organochlorine substances inherent in emissions of a chemical enterprise.

We have taken this drug as the closest analogue.

The essence of the claimed invention is as follows.

The problem to which the claimed invention is directed is to increase the vital activity of bacterial microflora in preparations for cleaning soil contaminated with organochlorine substances.

The technical result is an increase in the degree of purification of soil contaminated with organochlorine substances inherent in emissions of chemical enterprises.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known preparation for the biological treatment of soils contaminated with organochlorine substances inherent in emissions of a chemical enterprise, including glauconite-containing substance, biologically active sludge, succinic acid, a nitrogen-containing biogenic element in the form of urea and water, according to the invention, it is additionally introduced the culture fluid of the bacterial strain Bacillus subtilis BAG-65 and the bottom residue of a chemical production containing tetrachlorethane, trichlorethylene, chlorine lin, dichloroethane, methylene chloride, and chloromethyl the following component ratio, wt.%:

glauconite-containing substance 65 ... 70 bioactive sludge 3 ... 5 succinic acid 0.01 ... 0.05 nitrogen-containing nutrient 0.01 ... 0.50 strain culture fluid bacteria Bacillus subtilis BAG-65 15 ... 20 carbon tetrachloride 0.27 ... 0.38 trichlorethylene 0.14 ... 0.16 chloroform 0.39 ... 0.42 dichloroethane 0.24 ... 0.36 methylene chloride 0.12 ... 0.50 chloromethyl 0.56 ... 0.68 water 17.26 ... 1.95

The essence of the claimed invention is as follows.

The preparation for the biological treatment of soils contaminated with organochlorine substances characteristic of emissions from a chemical enterprise contains a glauconite-containing substance, biologically active sludge, succinic acid, a nitrogen-containing biogenic element in the form of urea, a culture fluid of the Bacillus subtilis BAG-65 bacterial strain and bottoms of chemical production.

Below is a description of each of the components of the drug.

The first component is a glauconite-containing substance.

The Trekhostrovsky deposit of jelly phosphorites in the Volgograd Region contains layers of 0.6-1.0 m thick glauconite-quartz sand between phosphorites. In the deposit, non-rolled sand grains are mainly represented by glauconite.

Glauconite formula: K _<1 (Fe ³⁺ , Fe ²⁺ , Al, Mg) _2-3 * [Si ₃ (Si, Al) O ₁₀ ] * [OH] _{2 * n} * H ₂ O. The name glauconite comes from the Greek word is glaucus, bluish, green earth.

Chemical composition. Very volatile. Potassium oxide (K ₂ O) 4.4-9.4%, sodium oxide (Na ₂ O) 0-3.5%, alumina (Al ₂ O ₃ ) 5.5-22.6%, iron oxide ( Fe ₂ O ₃ ) 6.1-27.9%, ferrous oxide (FeO) 0.8-8.6%, magnesium oxide (MgO) 2.4-4.5%, silicon dioxide (SiO ₂ ) 47, 6-52.9%, water ATS) 4.9-13.5%.

Associated Minerals. Phosphates (phosphorite), calcite.

The composition of the mineral glauconite is represented by a wide range of trace elements and related chemical elements. The average values are shown in table 1.

Glauconite as an independent mineral species has been known since 1828 according to the work of Kerferstein.

The presented table 1 is given for one purpose only - to show how rich in green earth minerals are formed in oceanic deposits, whose age ranges from 150 to 500 million years. The mineral formed as a result of the vital activity of the ancient seas, which covered the territory of our country many millions of years ago, is rich not only in chemical compounds and elements, but also in fossil microflora, which has not undergone destructive human activity.

The second component is biologically active sludge.

Composition of activated sludge or biofilm.

Active sludge is an amphoteric colloidal system. The elemental chemical composition of activated sludge is quite similar for urban wastewater. It has the formula C54 H212082 N8 S7. Dry matter of activated sludge contains 70 ... 90% of organic and 10 ... 30% of inorganic substances. In addition to living organisms, silt contains a substrate - various solid residues to which microorganisms are attached. In appearance, activated sludge is lumps and flakes of 3-150 microns in size and with a high specific surface - about 1200 m ² per 1 m ^{3 of} sludge.

The community of living organisms inhabiting activated sludge or biofilm is called biocenosis. The biocenosis of activated sludge is represented mainly by 12 species of microorganisms and protozoa.

The biocenosis of activated sludge consists of bacteria, protozoa, molds, yeast, actinomycetes, insect larvae, crustaceans, algae, etc. The main destruction of organic pollution in the sewage is carried out by bacteria. In 1 m ³ sludge contains 2 * 10 ¹⁴ bacteria. In activated sludge, they are in the form of clusters, surrounded by a mucous layer (zoogley). Bacteria are represented by such types as pseudomonas, bacillus, nitrobacter, nitrosomonas, etc.

There are four types of protozoa in active silts: sarcode, flagellum, ciliary and sucking ciliates, which absorb a large number of bacteria, maintaining their optimal number (on average, one ciliator absorbs from 20 to 40 thousand bacteria). They contribute to the sedimentation of sludge and clarification of wastewater in the secondary sumps. Rotifers at the next trophic level feed on bacteria and protozoa.

The composition of sludge biocenosis depends on the presence and concentration of various organic substances in wastewater. Only the main group of bacteria (80-90%) is involved in the wastewater treatment process. The remaining content of sludge is made up of concomitant groups of microbes. With a high organic content in wastewater, heterotrophic bacteria predominate, and with a decrease in nutrients, the number of predatory protozoa increases.

The amount of sludge is determined by the rate of its deposition and the degree of purification of the liquid. The state of activated sludge is characterized by a sludge index, which depends on the ability of the sludge to precipitate. Large flakes settle faster than small ones.

The biofilm grows on the biofilter accumulator and has the form of mucous formations 1 ... 2 mm thick. The species composition of the biofilm is more diverse than activated sludge. A biofilm consists of bacteria, fungi, yeast, insect larvae, worms, ticks and other organisms. 1 m ^{3 of} biofilm contains 10 ¹² bacteria.

The most common types of microorganisms in activated sludge

1. Euglyfa (conch amoeba)

2. Aercella (conch amoeba)

3. Infusoria slipper

4. Amoeba Proteus

5. Filamentous bacteria

6. Infusoria sucking

7. Politoma (flagellates)

8. Rotifers (notommata)

9. Flakes of activated sludge

10. Amoeba disc-shaped

11. Zoogley "deer horns"

12. The Rotifer Philodinus

13. The sun

14. Oxydrich (ciliary infusoria)

15. Harmonihill (ciliates)

16. Carchesium (colonial infusoria)

17. Amoeba terricola

18. Bodo (flagellum)

19. Aspidiska (gastrointestinal)

20. Eplotes (gastric ciliary infusoria)

21. Aelosoma (minor ciliary worm)

22. Opercularia (colonial infusoria)

23. Cyclidium (ciliates)

24. Suvoyka

25. Kolovratka the bridge

26. Stilonychia (ciliates)

27. Rotation of the cation

Table 2 presents the content of the main groups of microorganisms in activated sludge. Table 3 shows the data of chemical and microbiological analyzes of sapropel - silt of bottom sediments. Table 4 shows the general characteristics of activated sludge from pulp and paper production.

The third component is succinic acid.

Ethane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid of the formula HOOC (CH ₂ ) ₂ COOH is a colorless crystal soluble in alcohol, ether and water. Melting point - 185 ° C. At a temperature of + 20 ° C, the density of the dicarboxylic acid is 1.563 g / cm ³ . Dicarboxylic acid salts and esters are called succinates. Small amounts are found in amber, brown coals, etc.

The fourth component is a nitrogen-containing biogenic element.

Nitrogen-containing compounds that are often found in nature include urea, uric and hippuric acids. The latter are found in the urine of humans and animals. Urea can be synthesized by plants. Urea is also formed during hydrolytic decomposition under the action of the arginase enzyme:

Up to 30 million tons of urea are synthesized by microorganisms on the globe per year. These are significant nitrogen resources, as urea contains 46% of this element and is used as fertilizer.

Uric and hippuric acids are also important in the metabolism of representatives of the animal and plant world (kingdoms). In the soil, these compounds quickly decompose under the influence of hydrometic enzymes of microorganisms.

Urea, in particular, under the influence of microorganisms containing the urease enzyme, turns into ammonia and carbon dioxide.

The most effective nitrogen-containing nutrients are ammonium nitrate and urea. Below are their characteristics:

.

.

The resulting carbon ammonium salt is unstable and decomposes into its components:

(NH ₄ ) ₂ CO ₃ = 2NH ₃ + CO ₂ + H ₂ O.

Many bacteria and fungi have urease and can use urea as a source of nitrogen for protein synthesis. Typically, urea-degrading bacteria are called urobacteria. These bacteria can develop at high alkalinity (pH 9-10), which allows them to cause the decay of significant amounts of urea to ammonia. Among specific urobacteria, we note Micrococcus urea from the Micrococcaceae family, Micrococcus genus, Bacillus pasteurii from the Bacillusae family of the Bacillus genus, Sporosarcina urea, and others from the Sporosarcina genus.

The physiological meaning of the decomposition of urea, apparently, boils down to the conversion of the amine form of nitrogen to a more easily digestible ammonia.

The decomposition of uric and hippuric acids can have an energy value. These compounds are destroyed by a number of microorganisms. The process of their hydrolysis is shown in the following equations:

Calcium cyanamide (CaCN ₂ ) is used as a nitrogen fertilizer, which in itself is not assimilated by plants, but quickly turns into ammonia in the soil. The decomposition of calcium cyanamide takes place in three stages. The first proceeds spontaneously under the influence of soil moisture and leads to the conversion of calcium cyanamide to cyanamide. A number of soil cations Ca, Mn, Fe, etc. causes the conversion of cyanamide to urea. Urea hydrolysis occurs under the influence of urobacteria. The cycle of these transformations is given in the following equations:

CaCN ₂ + 2H ₂ O → H ₂ CN ₂ + Ca (OH) ₂ ;

H ₂ CN ₂ + H ₂ O → CO (NH ₂ ) ₂ ;

CO (NH ₂ ) ₂ + H ₂ O → 2NH ₃ + CO ₂ .

Ammonium nitrate (NH ₄ NO ₃ ) contains 34.4% nitrogen and is a universal highly effective ammonia-nitrate nitrogen fertilizer. Ammonium nitrate is a universal nitrogen fertilizer. In terms of efficiency, it ranks first among nitrogen fertilizers. It can be used on all types of soils and under all agricultural crops as the main, pre-sowing fertilizer and as top dressing.

On buffer, non-acidic soils (pH> 6-7), constant use of nitrate is possible. On acidic soils (pH <5-6) it is necessary to carry out liming (adding lime flour) at a dose of 0.1 t per 0.1 t of nitrate, make it as a main fertilizer and in top dressing. Ammonium nitrate is added in doses up to 3.0 c / ha for the main tillage, and 1.0-2.0 c / ha in top dressing. In ammonium nitrate, half of the nitrogen contained in the nitrate form easily migrates along the soil profile. Therefore, on well-drained soils of light particle size distribution in areas of sufficient or excessive moisture and irrigation, ammonium nitrate should be introduced during the period of highest nitrogen consumption by plants. This prevents nitrogen loss beyond the root layer of the soil and contributes to an increase in its utilization by plants.

Manufacturer: OJSC Novomoskovsk company Azot, OJSC Nevinnomyssky Azot.

Urea (CO (NH ₂ ) ₂ ) contains up to 46% nitrogen and is a concentrated solid nitrogen fertilizer. In agriculture, grade B carbamide is used on all types of soil and under all agricultural crops as the main, pre-sowing fertilizer and as a top dressing. Urea is used in rice cultivation, for foliar top dressing of vegetable and fruit crops, as well as for late top dressing of wheat in order to increase the protein content in grain. With foliar top dressing, unlike other nitrogen fertilizers, urea even in high concentrations (> 5%) does not burn leaves and is also well absorbed by plants.

In the main application to the soil, it is not inferior in effectiveness to ammonium nitrate. The largest amount of urea nitrogen in comparison with other nitrogen fertilizers mainly determines the economic feasibility of its use as a fertilizer, as well as as an additive to feed for ruminants. With surface application of urea to the soil, it is necessary to close up in a timely manner, since nitrogen losses due to volatilization of ammonia are possible.

On acidic soils with the use of urea, it is recommended to add 0.8 c of CaCO ₃ per 1 kg of fertilizer to neutralize its potential physiological acidity.

Urea is resistant to leaching.

A grade urea can be used as a feed additive for ruminants.

As the fifth component, the culture fluid of the bacterial strain Bacillus subtilis BAG-65 and auxiliary additives were used. As the latter can be used substances containing the main nutrients - nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium - mineral salts and trace elements, stimulant, tread, adhesive. As a filler, soy flour and kaolin are used (5.0-8.5 wt.% And 0-7.0 wt.%, Respectively).

The bacterial strain Bacillus subtilis BAG-65, which has bactericidal, fungicidal and growth-promoting properties, is suitable for the preparation of a plant protection product from crop pathogens with growth-promoting effect, is isolated from the soil and deposited by the All-Russian collection of microorganisms under the number VKM B-2440D and stored in the collection of microorganisms Bio-Agat-Group LLC under the number BAG-65.

Purpose: promising for use in the production of a biological product against phytopathogenic soil fungi and bacteria that cause diseases of crops, and also has growth-promoting properties.

The sixth component is the bottom residue of chemical production, characteristic of emissions from a chemical enterprise (using the example of workshops of the Volgograd branch of Khimprom OJSC), including tetrachloroethane, trichlorethylene, chloroform, dichloroethane, methylene chloride, chloromethyl, and other components.

Tetrachloroethanes with a molar mass of 167.85 amu distinguished by 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane with the chemical formula written in the line CHCl ₂ CHCl ₂ and 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane CCl ₃ CH ₂ Cl. Tetrachloroethane is a colorless liquid (see table 5) with a sweet smell; highly soluble in many organic solvents. For 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, solubility in water (% mass): 0.13 (at 20 ° C), 0.34 at 55.6 ° C. The solubility of water in 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane is 0.11 at 25 ° C. Tetrachloroethane forms an azeotropic mixture with water with a boiling point of 93.7 ° C with 29.3% by weight of H ₂ O. Bond energy (kJ / mol) C-H - 409.2; C-Cl - 310.9; C-S - 352.7. For 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane, solubility in water (% by weight): 0.109 (20 ° C); 0.125 (50 ° C). The solubility of water in 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane is 0.056 at 25 ° C. The energy of intermolecular bonds (kJ / mol): С-Н (for the group CH ₂ Cl) - 409.29; C-Cl (for CCl ₃ and CH ₂ Cl), respectively, 293.7 and 335.1; S-C - 336.8 kJ / mol.

Tetrachloroethanes react with chlorine in the liquid phase in the presence of initiators (porophores) at 80-90 ° С with the formation of pentachloroethane and then hexachloroethane. When dehydrochlorination with alkaline agents at 90-100 ° C or in the vapor phase at 400-500 ° C, or on a catalyst (Al ₂ O ₃ , BaCl ₂ on a carrier, etc.) at 300-350 ° C trichlorethylene is formed. 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane is dechlorinated in the presence of H ₂ over Ni at 300-350 ° C or over Zn with water vapor.

In industry 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane is obtained by chlorination of acetylene in the liquid phase at 100-120 ° C in bubble-type reactors filled with steel (cast iron) balls. The amount of chlorine is maintained at a level of 5-15% excess in relation to acetylene. After neutralization, washing and drying, the product contains 97-98% 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane. It is used for the production of trichlorethylene. 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane is a low-combustible product. Auto-ignition temperature - 474 ° С. MAC in air - 6 mg / m ³ , and in water - 0.2 mg / l.

1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane can be obtained by chlorination of vinylidene chloride in the liquid phase in the presence of 0.01-0.10% PeCl ₃ at 20-30 ° C.

Trichlorethylene. The chemical symbol (Hill system) is C ₂ HCl ₃ . Formula as text: CHClCCl ₂ . Trichlorethylene: appearance - a colorless liquid; molecular weight - 131.39 amu; melting point - 86.4 ° C; boiling point - 87.19 ° C; soluble (in g / 100 g or characteristic): acetone, soluble in water: 0.11 at 25 ° C; diethyl ether - is mixed; chloroform - soluble; ethanol is mixed. C ₂ HCl ₃ - taste, smell, hygroscopicity of chloroform. The density of the liquid phase is 1.465 g / cm ³ at 20 ° C; light refractive index (for sodium D-line - 1.4773 at 20 ° С).

Trichlorethylene vapor pressure - 73 mmHg at 25 ° C. The dielectric constant is 3.42 at 16 ° C. The dipole moment of the molecule is 0.9 Debye at 20 ° C. The dynamic viscosity of liquids and gases is 0.566 MPa • s at 25 ° C. Standard molar heat capacity Ср = 122.6 J / mol • K at 298 ° К (15 ° С). Boiling enthalpy ΔН _bale = 34.56 kJ / mol.

Biological effect of C ₂ HCl ₃ : a powerful anesthetic. The narcotic effect occurs quickly and ends 2-3 minutes after the cessation of trichlorethylene. The critical temperature is 271 ° C. The critical pressure is 5.02 MPa.

Under the influence of light and air, it decomposes with the formation of phosgene and halogen-containing acids and acquires a pink color. To stabilize trichlorethylene, 0.01% thymol is added to it.

Chloroform - aka trichloromethane or methyl trichloride - is a chemical compound with the formula CHCl ₃ . Under normal conditions, it is a colorless volatile liquid with an ethereal odor and a sweet taste. Practically insoluble in water. CHCl ₃ mixes with most organic solvents. Incombustible. Phosgene poisoning is possible when working with chloroform, which has been stored in a warm place for a long time.

Physical properties of chloroform:

The refractive index of a ray of light at 15 ° C is 1.48588858;

The crystallization temperature is 63.55 ° C;

Boiling point - 61.152 ° C;

The dipole moment is 1.15 Debye;

Dielectric constant at 20 ° С - 4.806;

Molar mass - 119.38 g / mol;

Condition - colorless liquid;

Density - 1.483 g / cm ³ ;

Melting point - 63.5 ° C.

In industry, chloroform is produced by chlorinating, for example, methane or chloromethane, heating a mixture of chlorine and a second substance to a temperature of 400-500 ° C. At this temperature, a series of chemical reactions takes place, gradually converting methane or methyl chloride into compounds with a high chlorine content:

1,2-Dichloroethane with the formula ClCH ₂ -CH ₂ Cl

(C ₂ H ₄ Cl ₂ ) is an organochlorine compound, a clear, colorless liquid with a strong odor, practically insoluble in water. Easy to evaporate. It is used in organic synthesis to extract fats and alkaloids, as an insecticide for the disinfection of grain, granaries and soil of vineyards. 1,2-dichloroethane is used for gluing certain plastics (e.g. plexiglass). Good solvent. 1,2-dichloroethane is a toxic substance. General characteristics of 1,2-dichloroethane are given in table 6.

Methylene chloride. The empirical formula is CH ₂ Cl ₂ . The Volgograd branch of OJSC Khimprom is produced in accordance with TU 2412-426-05763434-2004, amend. 1. Synonyms of CH ₂ Cl ₂ - dichloromethane, methylene chloride, freon 30.

Methylene chloride is used in the production of man-made fibers, film films, plastics, perfumes, rubber products and in other industries. Technical characteristics of methylene chloride are shown in table 7.

Chloromethyl is part of the chloromethyl group CH ₂ Cl, which is introduced into the molecule of the organic compound. Chloromethylation of aromatic compounds proceeds especially smoothly (G. Blank's reaction). The reaction is carried out by the action of formaldehyde and HCl in the presence of Lewis acids or protic acids (ZnCl ₂ , AlCl ₃ , SnCl, H ₂ SO ₄ , H ₃ PO ₄ ).

A preparation for the biological treatment of soils contaminated with organochlorine substances is prepared as follows.

The finely ground glauconite-containing substance (65-70 wt.%) Is mixed with biologically active sludge (3-5 wt.%) Containing bacterial microflora in the form of cysts, which are biodestructors for the decomposition of organochlorine compounds into carbon dioxide and water.

To activate the vital activity of bacterial microflora, solutions of succinic acid (0.01 ... 0.05 wt.%) And a nitrogen-containing biogenic element (ammonium nitrate - 0.01 ... 0.50 wt.%) Are prepared.

Solutions of succinic acid and ammonium nitrate are poured into a mixture of activated sludge and glauconite.

15-20 wt.% Of the culture fluid of the bacterial strain Bacillus subtilis BAG-65 and bottoms of a chemical production containing tetrachloroethane (0.27 ... 0.38 wt.%), Trichlorethylene (0.14 ... 0.16 wt.) Are added to this mixture %), chloroform (0.39 ... 0.42 wt.%), dichloroethane (0.24 ... 0.36 wt.%), methylene chloride (0.12 ... 0.50 wt.%) and chloromethyl (0, 56 ... 0.68 wt.%). The resulting mixture is actively mixed in the apparatus at a speed of 300 min ^-1 for 20 ... 25 minutes to obtain a homogeneous pasty mass. When mixing, add water (1.95-17.26 wt.%).

The proposed drug is a flowing brown paste with a weak coniferous smell.

The prepared pasty preparation in a closed container at a temperature of + 5 ° C to 50 ° C can be stored for up to six months.

The presence of bacterial microflora in activated sludge and culture fluid allows you to renew and activate native microflora in areas contaminated with organochlorine compounds of chemical production.

The described preparation for biological cleaning of the soil is highly soluble in water and can be applied by surface to the reclaimed surface by machine method.

For uniform distribution of the preparation, the topsoil to a depth of 0.25 ... 0.30 m is milled either with KFK-3.6 milling cultivators or plowed with rotary or disk plows (PDN-5-35, etc.).

When microbiota is introduced into the soil in its active layer (root habitat horizon) contaminated with organochlorine compounds, its oxidative activity, as well as the activity of native microflora, is stimulated. Using the association of microorganisms of activated sludge, which have a more complete strain of bacteria Bacillus subtilis than a pure culture, a set of enzyme systems, we achieve a more effective cleaning of the soil. The communities with the largest accumulation of bacteria are sapropel in bottom sediments and activated sludge formed during the biological treatment of wastewater from industrial enterprises.

The described biological product is a completely natural biological destructor of organochlorine compounds. The biological product is intended for biological cleaning of the soil inside the territory of a chemical plant, in the adjacent protected area and in the sanitary protection zone.

As active components, the preparation contains a scientifically compiled consortium of strains of living oxidizing microorganisms with a concentration equal to (20 ... 30) * 10 ⁹ ... (15 ... 20) * 10 ¹² colony forming units (CFU) in 1 gram of the preparation, a set of natural microbial hydrocarbon-splitting enzymes, mineral salts of nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, natural biosurfactants, natural nourishing carrier. The biocenosis of a biological product is represented by 5 departments of microflora, which are constantly found in the soil cover of the Lower Volga region: bacilli, atherobacter, yeast, fungi, and rhodococcus. These are natural non-toxic, non-pathogenic, genetically unchanged, selectively improved, strictly saprophytic aerobic and anaerobic facultative microorganisms.

The biocenosis of the drug is immobilized in the form of spores on a soybean meal carrier. The biological product is non-toxic, non-pathogenic, non-combustible, non-explosive, non-eater, non-corrosive, has its own pH of 7-7.5, is not a carcinogen, and is harmless to the environment, humans, animals, fish, zooplankton, plants. The biological product corresponds to hazard class 5.

With prolonged storage in barrel containers, the drug acquires a smell characteristic of bacteria, mold, yeast and fungi.

Research work was carried out on the territory of the Volgograd branch of OJSC Khimprom and in the security zone, as well as the sanitary protection zone (SPZ).

The soil cover in green spaces on the territory of the plant is represented by medium-power southern chernozem. The humus content in the root-inhabited layer (0-0.3 m) varies at the level of 1.9-3.4%, easily hydrolyzable nitrogen - 106, mobile phosphorus - 25.3, exchange potassium - 316, sulfur - 3.2, zinc - 1.1, manganese - 14.8, cobalt - 0.12 and copper - 0.10 mg / kg of soil.

In the sanitary protection zone around VO OAO Khimprom, the soil type is light chestnut. According to the results of granulometric analysis of soil samples from the experimental plot for the laying of plots, the soil cover is characterized by medium loamy composition. The density of the root layer is 1.25-1.29 t / m ³ , the duty cycle is 47.3-49.0%, the lowest moisture capacity in the 1.0 m layer is 1.45% of the dry soil mass. The reaction of the soil solution is neutral (pH = 6.5-7.4), the supply in the layer of 0-0.3 m with nitrogen is 18.2-41.2 mg / kg, low, phosphorus - 17.9-49.2 mg / kg and potassium, 197.7-292.1 mg / kg, average. In all variants of the experiment, the relief, soil, and hydrological conditions were identical.

Separate groups of microorganisms develop under conditions that allow them to most fully master the environment and show their specific features.

The pattern of distribution of certain groups of microorganisms depending on the environmental situation can be illustrated by the following facts. Although some types of microorganisms (Vas.mycoides. Vas.mesentericus. Vas.megatherium, azotobacter, certain types of actinomycetes, etc.) can be found in different types of soils and in different geographical zones, the dominant ones are those whose specific vital needs conditions.

Studies on the composition of soil microbiota established trends in the transformation of microbocenoses under the influence of cultivated (cultivated) plants on them and the technologies for their cultivation in irrigated crop rotation.

In the experiments, the number of microorganisms involved in soil-forming processes and the circulation of substances was determined. In addition, the activity of cellulose-destroying microflora and the main products of exotoxins — fungi and humus-forming agents — was determined.

The studied soils in the SPZ are microbiologically healthy, with traces of a beneficial effect on the vegetation cover on their fertility. Similar microbocenoses are characteristic of the southern regions of Volgograd. The biogenicity of these soils is very high, more bacterial flora than mycelial. The activity of microorganisms is great due to the special climatic conditions of the region.

A significant part of the nitrogen that is formed during the ammonification process is consumed by other bacteria, such as silicate, actinomycetes, fungi and others.

The process of immobilization of soil nitrogen is indicated by the number of bacteria grown on starch-ammonia agar. Bacteria that consume mineral forms of nitrogen and fix it in their bodies actively develop on light chestnut soils. The ratio of ammonifiers to immobilizers is higher than unity. This indicates the positive direction of these processes.

The introduced biological product promotes the development of nitrogen fixers. Azotobacter is quite demanding on environmental conditions and successfully develops only in neutral or slightly acidic soils, sufficiently provided with phosphorus and calcium, and also having a favorable water regime. Therefore, azotobacter serves as a biological indicator on soils subject to biological treatment from organochlorine contaminants. By the content of the azotobacter in the soil, one can judge the agronomic value of the soil and its effective fertility. In biologized experimental plots, the azotobacter develops well. Azotobacter chroococcum was not found at all on the virgin light chestnut soils of the SPZ. The oligonitrophilic group of microorganisms took on its function. Their peculiarity is the ability to large mucus formation and the ability to switch to nutrition with mineral nitrogen with an excess of it in the soil.

Biological toxicity inhibits the development of beneficial microflora and plants as a result of the accumulation of toxins in the soil. With an increase in the biological toxicity of the soil, growth processes in plants are inhibited due to the toxic products of the metabolism of fungi, some actinomycetes and bacteria. If the biological toxicity of the soil does not exceed the norm, then it is the medicinal dose of biotoxicants for plants.

The proposed drug is implemented as follows. On the territory of the plant in 2009, in the immediate vicinity of the workshops, plots of 25 m ² in four repetitions were laid. A preparation with a norm of 45 g / m ² was applied superficially by a sprayer from a garden sprayer. Then the site was milled with a walk-behind tractor to a depth of 0.22 m. Next, the site was leveled. Soil samples for chemical analysis were taken at an adjacent site (control), treated in the same way without a preparation, at each site after 30, 90 and 180 days. The results of cleaning the contaminated topsoil with organochlorine substances on the territory of the plant are shown in table 8.

Plots were laid in the same way in the same sequence and repetition along the perimeter of the plant (average distance from the workshops from 800 to 1300 m). The drug was applied at the same rate of 45 g / m ² . The results of the observations are presented by the data in table 9.

On the territory of the sanitary protection zone, a group of experiments was performed according to the indicated scheme. The results of chemical analyzes are described by numerical data in table 10.

Given the fact that the Khimprom plant has been operating since 1932, the results obtained show the effectiveness of the proposed drug.

The biological product is designed for use at ambient temperatures from + 5 ° С to + 50 ° С, which corresponds to the growing season of wild plants practically throughout Russia. If the ambient temperature drops below + 5 ° C, the growth of bacteria slows down until the state of suspended animation (sleep). Negative temperatures are transferred to the bacteria in the form of spores and, with a subsequent increase in temperature, come to life again and begin to multiply. The consumption rate of the drug 45 g / m ² = 450 kg / ha is accepted as the source. As shown by the test results of 2009, the application rate should be differentiated: with a high degree of soil contamination with organochlorine compounds, the norms can be increased by a factor of 2-3.

After the drug is introduced into the soil, microorganisms continue to exist in the soil in the background and are constantly assimilated as the natural native microflora of the soil and agricultural plants are activated.

Table 1 The main composition of glauconite No. p / p Title Chemical symbol Units meas. The content in the mineral either as a value of the main (O) or as an accompanying (C) component (one) (2) (3) (four) (5) (6) one Alumina Al ₂ O ₃ % 7.55 ± 0.17 ABOUT 2 Calcium oxide CaO % 0.96 ± 0.07 ABOUT 3 Iron oxide Fe ₂ O ₃ % 17.17 ± 0.23 ABOUT four Iron oxide FeO % 2.19 ± 0.13 ABOUT 5 Water anolyte H ₂ O ⁺ % 5.58 ± 0.17 ABOUT 6 Catholyte water H ₂ O ^- % 2.52 ± 0.13 ABOUT 7 Potassium oxide K ₂ O % 7.94 ± 0.12 ABOUT 8 Magnesium oxide MgO % 4.46 ± 0.12 ABOUT 9 Manganese Oxide MnO % 0.008 ± 0.002 ABOUT 10 Sodium oxide Na ₂ O % 0.04 ± 0.01 ABOUT eleven Phosphorus Oxide (Double Superphosphate) P ₂ O ₅ % 0.37 ± 0.03 ABOUT 12 Silicon oxide SiO ₂ % 50.9 ± 0.3 ABOUT 13 Titanium oxide TiO ₂ % 0,07 ± 0,03 ABOUT fourteen Strontium oxide Sro % 2.28243-5.91305 ABOUT fifteen Aluminum Al % 3.99 ABOUT 16 Calcium Ca mcg 686010 ^-3 ABOUT 17 Iron Fe % 13.7 ABOUT eighteen Potassium TO % 6.59 ABOUT 19 Manganese Mn mcg 60 ABOUT

Continuation of table 1 (one) (2) (3) (four) (5) (6) twenty Sodium Na mcg 300 O 21 Phosphorus R mcg 1600 O 22 Rubidium Rb mcg 238 ± 5 O 23 Strontium Sr mcg 19.3 ± 0.5 O 24 Barium oxide Bao % 669010 ^-7 FROM 25 Chromium oxide Cr ₂ O ₃ % 0,0204617 FROM 26 Rubidium oxide Rb ₂ o % 0.026 ± 0.0005 FROM 27 Zinc oxide Zno % 4.730088 FROM 28 Zirconium oxide ZrO ₂ % 0,00486 FROM 29th Argon Ar mcg 2,482 FROM thirty Arsenic As mcg 10.5 FROM 31 Barium Ba mcg 6 FROM 32 Beryllium Be mcg 5 FROM 33 Bismuth Bi mcg 0.1 FROM 34 Cerium Ce mcg 54 FROM 35 Cobalt Co mcg fourteen FROM 36 Chromium Cr mcg 140 FROM 37 Cesium Cs mcg 3.3 FROM 38 Copper Cu mcg 3,5 FROM 39 Dysprosium Dy mcg 2.7 FROM 40 Erbium Er mcg one FROM 41 Europium Eu mcg 1,2 FROM 42 Gallium Ga mcg 13 FROM 43 Cadmium Cd mcg 4,5 FROM 44 Germanium Ge mcg 4,5 FROM

Continuation of table 1 (one) (2) (3) (four) (5) (6) 45 Hafnium Hf mcg 1,1 FROM 46 Holmium But mcg 0.5 FROM 47 Indium Jn mcg 0.05 FROM 48 Lanthanum La mcg twenty FROM 49 Lithium Li mcg 70 FROM fifty Lutetium Lu mcg 0.09 FROM 51 Molybdenum Mo mcg 0,03 FROM 52 Niobium Nb mcg 3,7 FROM 53 Neodymium Nd mcg 27 FROM 54 Nickel Ni mcg 36 FROM 55 Lead Pb mcg 3 FROM 56 Praseodymium Pr mcg 6.5 FROM 57 Antimony Sb mcg 0.3 FROM 58 Scandium Sc mcg 8 FROM 59 Samarium Sm mcg 5.5 FROM 60 Tin Sn mcg 2 FROM 61 Tantalum That mcg 0.22 FROM 62 Torbium Tb mcg 0.6 FROM 63 Thorium Th mcg 3.4 FROM 64 Tumiy Tm mcg 0.12 FROM 65 Uranus U mcg 0.8 FROM 66 Vanadium V mcg 65 FROM 67 Tungsten w mcg 4.4 FROM 68 Yttrium Y mcg 13,2 FROM 69 Ytterbium Yb mcg 0.65 FROM 70 Zinc Zn mcg 38 FROM 71 Zirconium Zr mcg 36 FROM

table 2 The content of the main groups of microorganisms in activated sludge No. p / p The name of the group of organisms The number of CFU * in 1 ml of suspension (one) (2) (3) one Aerobes (Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Micrococcus, Arthrobacter) 6.1 · 10 ^-3 -14.0 · 10 ⁶ 2 Nitrification (Nitrosomonas, Nitrobacter) 6.810 ³ 3 Anaerobes (Clostridium pasteurianum, Desulfovibrio desulfuricans) 8.6 · 10 ³ -7.1 · 10 ⁵ four Yeast (Candida) and microscopic fungi 2 · 10 ³ 5 Saprotrophs 2.110 ³ 6 Ammonifiers 9.510 ² 7 Cellulose-Destroying Microorganisms 3.2 · 10 ² 8 The total number of microorganisms 15.9 · 10 ¹⁰ -14.9 · 10 ¹² * CFU - Colony Forming Units

Table 3 Chemical and microbiological analysis of sapropel extract No. p / p Name of indicator Value (one) (2) (3) one Appearance, color Dark brown liquid 2 Mass fraction of solids,%, no more 5,0 3 Acidity, pH, no more 10.0 four Mass fraction of salts of humic acids, not less than, g / l 20,0 5 Mass fraction of calcium (CaO), g / l 2.0 6 Mass fraction of magnesium (MgO), g / l 0.5 7 Mass fraction of sulfur (SO ₃ ), not less than, g / l 5,0 8 Mass fraction of total nitrogen (N), not less than, g / l 2.0 9 Mass fraction of total phosphorus (P ₂ O ₅ ), not less than, g / l 2.0 10 Mass fraction of total potassium (K ₂ O), not less than, g / l 3,5 eleven Mass fraction of total silicon (SiO), not less than, g / l 2.0 12 Mass fraction of trace elements, not less than, mg / l: 13 Boron 95.0 fourteen Molybdenum 10.0 fifteen Manganese 84.0 16 Zinc 45.0 17 Copper 53.0 eighteen Cobalt 8.0 19 Iron 50,0 twenty Iodine 0.5 21 Selenium 0.4 22 Chromium 0.2 23 Mass fraction of crude protein, g / l 0.5 24 Mass fraction of crude fiber, g / l 0.4

Continuation of Table 3 (one) (2) (3) 25 Mass fraction of fat, g / l 0.2 26 Mass fraction of amino acids, mg / l 235.0 27 Mass fraction of vitamins (B ₁ , B ₂ , B ₁₂ , C, E, D), mg / l 17.0 28 The number of basic physiological groups of microorganisms, CFU * in 1 ml: 29th ammonifying 9 · 10 ⁶ thirty amylolytic 8 · 10 ⁵ 31 pedotrophs 3 · 10 ⁵ 32 urobacteria 30 · 10 ⁵ * CFU - Colony forming units

Table 4 General characteristics of activated sludge from pulp and paper industry No. p \ p Name of indicator Properties, characteristics, content, wt.% (one) (2) (3) one Consistency Powder 2 Color Brown black 3 Smell Intrinsic to yeast and mushrooms four pH 7.4 5 Moisture content, % 7-12 6 Protein,% 30-48 7 Lipids,% 1.0-1.5 8 Cellulose, % 45.0-55.0 9 Vitamins ((B ₁ , B ₂ , B ₅ , B ₁₂ ), mg / kg 10.0-15.0 10 Macronutrients (N, K ₂₀ , P ₂ O ₅ , Ca), g / kg 5.6-10.9 eleven Trace elements Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn 12 Amino acids 18 items

Table 5 Physico-chemical characteristics of tetrachloroethanes No. p / p Name of indicator Condition reference Units meas. Tetrachloroethane 1,1,2,2-T 1.1.1.2-T (one) (2) (3) (four) (5) (6) one Chemical formula - - CHCl ₂ CHCl ₂ CCl ₃ CHCl 2 Melting temperature T _pl. ° C -36 -70.2 3 Boiling temperature T _bale. ° C 145.9 130.5 four The density of the liquid phase at 20 ° C d ²⁰ g / cm ³ 1,595 1,540 5 Refractive index ή _o D-line sodium at 20 ° C 1.4940 1.4920 6 t _crit ° C 388 352 7 p _crit MPa - 3.94 8 d _crit g / cm ³ - 0.430 9 Dynamic fluid viscosity ή MPa · C 1.77 1.20 10 γ mn / m 35.60 33.57 eleven µ CL m 4.4 · 10 ^-30 4 · 10 ^-30 12 Steam pressure ρ kPa 0.67 at 20.7 ° C 1.33 at 19.3 ° C 13 couple ° r ' kJ / (kgK) 0.020 at 146 ° C 0.611 at 25 ° C fourteen liquids C ° r ” kJ / (kgK) 1.121 at 20 ° C 0.13 at 20 ° C

Continuation of Table 5 (one) (2) (3) (four) (5) (6) fifteen Enthalpy ΔН ° arr. kJ / mol -152.72 -154.80 16 Enthalpy of combustion ΔН ° burnout. kJ / mol -966.5 17 Enthalpy of evaporation ΔН ° isp. kJ / kg 265.7 218.4 (130.5 ° C) eighteen Thermal conductivity of the fluid W / (mK) 0.114 at 20 ° C - 19 Steam heat W / (mK) 0.0072 at 100 ° C - twenty The dielectric constant ε - 8.8 at 20 ° C 7.93 at -40 ° C

Table 6 General characteristics of 1,2-dichloroethane No. p / p Name of indicator Units rev. Value (one) (2) (3) (four) one Systematic name - 1.2-dichloroethane 2 Chemical formula - C ₂ H ₄ Cl ₂ 3 Molar mass g / mol 98.96 four Condition (stable conditional) - liquid 5 Density g / cm ³ 1,253 6 Melting temperature ° C 35 7 Boiling temperature ° C 83.5-84.0 8 Solubility in water g / 100 ml 0.87 9 CAS Registration Number - 107-06-2 10 Smiles - Clcccl eleven Toxicity - toxic

Table 7 Technical characteristics of methylene chloride No. p / p Name of indicator Units meas. CH ₂ Cl ₂ methylene chloride The highest grade First grade (one) (2) (3) (four) (5) one Appearance - Colorless transparent liquid without mechanical impurities 2 Density at 20 ° С, no more g / cm ³ 1,324-1,328 1,324-1,329 3 Mass fraction of water, no more % 0.05 0.05 four Mass fraction of evaporation residue, no more % 0,0005 0.008 5 Mass fraction of iron, no more % 0.0001 0,0003 6 Mass fraction of acids in terms of hydrochloric acid (HCl), no more % 0,0004 0,0008 7 Mass fraction of methylene chloride, not less % 99.7 98.8 8 Mass fraction of organochlorine impurities, no more % 0.23 1.10 9 Including mass fraction of chloroform, no more % 0.2 0.8 10 Toxicological hazard class of a substance - W W eleven OKP code - 24 1212 24 1212 12 HS Code - 2903 12 000 0 2903 12000 0 13 No.CAS - 1593 1593 fourteen Guaranteed shelf life month 3 3

Table 8 The results of cleaning the contaminated topsoil with organochlorine substances on the territory of the plant - Volgograd Branch of JSC Khimprom (according to 2009) No. p / p The content of components in the preparation, wt.% The efficiency of extraction of organochlorine substances from the upper soil layer,% Glauconite-containing substance Biologically active sludge succinic acid Nitrogen-containing nutrient The culture fluid of the bacterial strain Bacillus subtilis VAT residue of chemical production Water After 1 month In 3 months In 6 months one 70.0 3 0.05 0.5 15.0 2,50 8.95 10,2 21.3 67.2 2 67.5 four 0,03 0.3 17.5 2.25 8.42 11.6 24.7 69.3 3 65.0 5 0.01 0.1 20,0 2.00 7.89 12,4 29.8 70,4

Table 9 The results of the cleaning of the contaminated topsoil with organochlorine substances along the perimeter of the plant territory - VO OAO Khimprom (according to 2009 data) No. p / p The content of components in the preparation, wt.% The efficiency of extraction of organochlorine substances from the upper soil layer,% Glauconite-containing substance Biologically active sludge succinic acid Nitrogen-containing nutrient The culture fluid of the bacterial strain Bacillus subtilis VAT residue of chemical production Water After 1 month In 3 months In 6 months one 70.0 3 0.05 0.5 15.0 2,50 8.95 14.2 36,4 80.3 2 67.5 four 0,03 0.3 17.5 2.25 8.42 16.8 41.5 84.2 3 65.0 5 0.01 0.1 20,0 2.00 7.89 17.1 43,2 87.3

Table 10 The results of the cleaning of the contaminated topsoil with organochlorine substances on the territory of the sanitary protection zone of the plant - VO OAO Khimprom (according to 2009) No. p / p The content of components in the preparation, wt.% The efficiency of extraction of organochlorine substances from the upper soil layer,% Glauconite-containing substance Biologically active
silt succinic acid Nitsoder
living nutrient The culture fluid of the bacterial strain Bacillus subtilis VAT residue of chemical production Water After 1 month In 3 months In 6 months one 70.0 3 0.05 0.5 15.0 2,50 8.95 18.1 48.7 90.1 2 67.5 four 0,03 0.3 17.5 2.25 8.42 19.1 51.3 92.6 3 65.0 5 0.01 0.1 20,0 2.0 7.89 19.8 56.2 94.7

Claims (1)

A preparation for the biological treatment of soil contaminated with organochlorine substances characteristic of emissions from a chemical enterprise, including glauconite-containing substance, biologically active sludge, succinic acid, a nitrogen-containing biogenic element in the form of urea and water, characterized in that the culture fluid of the bacterial strain Bacillus subtilis BAG is additionally introduced into it -65 and the bottom residue of chemical production containing tetrachloroethane, trichlorethylene, chloroform, dichloroethane, methylene chloride and chloromethyl in the following enii, wt.%:
glauconite-containing substance 65-70 bioactive sludge 3-5 succinic acid 0.01-0.05 nitrogen-containing nutrient 0.01-0.50 bacterial strain culture fluid Bacillus subtilis BAG-65 15-20 carbon tetrachloride 0.27-0.38 trichlorethylene 0.14-0.16 chloroform 0.39-0.42 dichloroethane 0.24-0.36 methylene chloride 0.12-0.50 chloromethyl 0.56-0.68 water 17.26-1.95