RU2439525C1 - Method of in-place diagnostics of ice bearings wear - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps. ^ SUBSTANCE: proposed method consists in measuring amount of air leaking though gapping in connecting rod gear bearings at idle ICE. ICE is place on flywheel crankcase and inclined for 60-90 to horizon. Opening communicating engine crankcase 2 with atmosphere are sealed. Oil separator 4 with oil level control valve 4 and flowmeter 6 integrated into separate module are fitted in place of oil filter. Oil 7 is filled into crankcase 2 without stopping top main bearing 8. Compressor is connected to oil fillet neck. Air is forced via pressure control valve to ensure uniform pressure value. Air amount through gap in main bearing 8 is measured. Oil level 7 is decreased gradually to remove oil from crankpin and main bearings 9 and 8, respectively. Air amount through gaps ob said bearing with not oil is measured. Measured values are compared with reference values set for a new ICE. Wear and operating hours of every bearing and engine are defined. ^ EFFECT: in-place determination. ^ 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of operation of machines and can be used in the diagnosis of internal combustion engines (ICE).

There are a number of methods for assessing the degree of wear of ICE bearings.

According to patent No. 328364 (class G01M 15/00), the gap size is determined by the amplitude-phase parameters of the pulsations of the oil flow in the channels of the lubrication system. When determining the gaps, a sensor is installed in the channel of the lubrication system, the microsensor pulses are measured at a certain thermal mode, and the gap value is determined from the calibration dependencies.

The disadvantage of this method is the need to take the engine out of operation for inspection, preparation for the sensor, a large investment of time for diagnostics.

The method according to ed. St. USSR No. 1134897 (class G01M 15/00) is used for in-place diagnostics. It provides for connecting a hydraulic accumulator with a throttle device to the engine at the time of the experiment and determining the intensity of the pressure drop in it using two pressure gauges in certain modes. However, this method also requires the installation of bulky devices.

Adopted as a prototype, the method is used for in-place diagnostics of the technical condition of the internal combustion engine (Sergeev A.G. Accuracy and reliability of vehicle diagnostics. M .: Transport, 1980). It provides for the installation of a device equipped with two pressure gauges with calibrated fittings. The method consists in measuring the amount of oil flowing out through leaks in the bearings of the crank mechanism. The difference in pressure readings measured by manometers on a running engine allows us to judge the total wear of all bearings of the crankshaft and the gas distribution mechanism, including the state of the oil pump, and on the idle one, wear of the main and connecting rod bearings of the crankshaft and the timing valves.

This method does not allow to determine the malfunction of individual elements of the lubrication system, as well as the actual wear of the crankshaft bearings. With the mutual combination of faults of individual bearings, this method allows you to determine only the general trend of wear, while the wear of the bearings is often not the same.

As a result of the patent search, the authors came to the conclusion that the new set of essential features of the proposed method is not known and should not be explicitly from the prior art, which allows us to conclude that the claimed technical solution meets the criteria of "novelty" and "inventive step".

The aim of the invention is to determine the degree of wear of any ICE bearing, regardless of its location in the oil path and to improve the accuracy of assessing the technical condition of the engine.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the proposed method of in-place diagnostics of the degree of wear of ICE bearings on an idle engine, the amount of air flowing out through leaks in the bearings of the crank mechanism is measured, unlike the prototype, the engine is placed on the flywheel housing or provides its inclination with the vehicle within 60-90 ° to the horizon; seal the hole for the oil dipstick and other holes connecting the crankcase with the atmosphere; install an oil separator with a crane to adjust the oil level in the crankcase and a flow meter, which are a single module; pour oil in the engine crankcase so that at first only one upper main bearing is not covered by oil; screw the air supply hose from the compressor into the hole for the oil filler neck; supply air through a gearbox, the handle of which provides a single pressure value; separating air from oil by an oil separator; measure the amount of air passing through the gap in the upper main bearing with a flow meter; gradually reduce the oil level in the crankcase with a crane, freeing up the connecting rod and main bearings in turn; measure the amount of air passing through the clearances of oil-free bearings with a flow meter; compare the measured values of the amount of air with the reference values defined for the new engine, determine the wear of each bearing and the actual life of the engine.

The tilt of the engine must be ensured within 60-90 ° to the horizon, this is due to the fact that at smaller tilt angles the bearings under test are not completely covered by oil.

Figure 1 shows the engine ZM3-406.2 from the side of the exhaust manifold.

Figure 2 - engine ZM3-406.2 from the side of the intake manifold.

Figure 3 presents a simplified diagram of an engine with an oil level when only one upper main bearing is not covered by oil.

Figure 4 presents a simplified diagram of the engine with the oil level, when one of the upper main and upper connecting rod bearings are not covered by oil.

The engine includes: the flywheel housing 1, on which it is mounted, the engine housing 2, into which oil 7 is poured and the hole 3 under the oil dipstick. An oil separator 4 is also installed on the engine in place of the standard oil filter, a valve 5 for adjusting the oil level in the engine crankcase and a flow meter 6, which are a single module. In the crankcase 2 of the engine, into which the oil 7 is poured, the upper main bearing 8 and the upper connecting rod bearing 9 are placed.

For the possibility of applying this method, it is necessary to put the engine on the flywheel housing 1, as shown in Fig. 1. Or, without removing the engine from the car, it is necessary to ensure its inclination within 60-90 ° to the horizon (for example, when using a car lift). The tilt of the engine must be ensured within 60-90 ° to the horizon, this is due to the fact that at smaller tilt angles the bearings under test are not completely covered by oil. If the angle of inclination is more than 90 °, the vehicle may tip over, which poses a significant danger to operating personnel.

Next, it is necessary to seal the hole 3 under the oil dipstick and other holes connecting the internal volume of the crankcase 2 of the engine with the atmosphere (if any).

Install in place of the standard oil filter oil separator 4 with a tap 5 (figure 2) to adjust the oil level in the crankcase 2 of the engine and the flow meter 6, which are a single module (figure 2).

Then, oil 7 is poured into the crankcase 2 of the engine (FIG. 3) through the oil filler neck. Moreover, such a level is initially poured so that only one upper main bearing 8 is free of oil (Fig. 3). The upper connecting rod bearing 9 is immersed in oil.

Then, the air supply hose from the compressor is screwed into the hole for the oil filler neck. Air is supplied through a reducer, the handle of which can provide a single value of the inlet pressure.

Then, the bearings of the crank mechanism are diagnosed as follows. The excess pressure created in the crankcase 2 of the engine helps to ensure that air under pressure begins to seep into the oil-free gap (only one upper main bearing is free of oil). In the remaining gaps in a small amount only oil leaks. Consequently, the air volume in the central oil line will only characterize the clearance in the bearing in contact with the air.

However, both oil and air (air-oil mixture) enter the main oil line at the same time. For a reliable assessment of the degree of wear of the bearings of the crank mechanism, it is necessary to separate the air from the oil. For this purpose, an oil separator 4 is used (FIG. 2). At the same time, oil settles on the oil separator 4, and clean air enters the flow meter 6.

Next, the flow meter 6 measures the amount of air passing through the gap in the upper main bearing 8.

After evaluating the upper main bearing, the oil level is reduced by the crane 5 until the upper connecting rod bearing 9 is released (Fig. 4). In this case, the air flow will be proportional to the clearances in the upper main 8 and upper connecting rod bearings 9. The increment in the air flow during testing of these bearings will be proportional to the clearance in the upper connecting rod bearings 9. Maintain the same pressure in the crankcase. After releasing the upper connecting rod bearing 9 from the oil, a larger volume of air begins to seep through the gaps and pass into the central oil line. The amount of oil is reduced.

When draining a certain volume of oil, the remaining main and connecting rod bearings are connected alternately with air. The increment in air flow in this case will characterize the clearances in various bearings. Gradually reduce the oil level in the crankcase, freeing up the connecting rod and main bearings in turn. At the same time, there is a tendency: the more bearings are released, the greater the amount of air seeps into the formed gaps. The amount of leaking oil is reduced.

The flow meter 6 (FIG. 2) measures the amount of air passing through the clearances of the oil-free bearings.

Compare the measured values of the amount of air with the reference values defined for the new engine. Air consumption with increasing clearance in the bearings will increase.

The wear of each bearing and the actual life of the engine are determined.

The technical result consists in increasing the accuracy of assessing the technical condition of individual main and connecting rod bearings of an internal combustion engine.

Using the proposed method for assessing the technical condition of ICE bearings, it is possible to timely determine the malfunction of bearings of the crank mechanism, as well as to predict the time of trouble-free operation of the engine.

Claims (1)

The method of in-place diagnosis of the degree of wear of bearings of an internal combustion engine, namely, that the idle engine measures the amount of air flowing out through leaks in the bearings of the crank mechanism, characterized in that the engine is placed on the flywheel housing or provides its inclination with the vehicle within 60-90 ° to the horizon, seal the hole for the oil dipstick and other holes connecting the crankcase with the atmosphere, install an oil separator with a tap for regulating leveling the oil level in the engine crankcase and the flowmeter, which are a single module, pour oil into the engine crankcase so that at first only one upper main bearing is not covered with oil, screw the air supply hose from the compressor into the hole for the oil filler neck, supply air through a gearbox the handle of which provides a single pressure value, air is separated from the oil by an oil separator, the amount of air passing through the gap in the upper main bearing is measured by a flow meter, gradually they lower the oil level in the crankcase by a crane, releasing the connecting rod and main bearings one by one, measure the amount of air passing through the clearances of the oil-free bearings by a flow meter, compare the measured values of the amount of air with the reference values determined for the new engine, determine the wear of each bearing and the actual engine life.

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