RU2438712C1 - Apparatus for producing and feeding pure, negatively ionised, laminar air stream - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to apparatus for purifying, disinfecting, sterilising and activating air. The apparatus is in form of a T-shaped tubular structure (1) with a circular cross-section, in the arms of which, in series from the edges on the butt-ends to the plane of symmetry, there are electric pumps (2), electric cleaners (3), first degree ionisers (4) with a needle like structure between which, coaxially and along the axis of the adjacent tube, there are funnel-shaped inserts (6) of a straightening apparatus which provides gentle turn of the air stream by 90 degrees from the arms into the adjacent tube in which, after the inserts, there is a stream laminarisation grid (7) and a second degree ioniser with an identical structure to the first degree ioniser. Direct voltage ranging from 4 to 6 kV is applied across the ionisers, and direct voltage ranging from 5 to 25 kV is applied across the electric cleaners.

EFFECT: invention increases efficiency of removing mechanical impurities from air, as sell as disinfection and activation thereof.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices for cleaning, disinfecting, sterilizing and activating air using electric cleaners and negative ion generators.

Well-known devices for sterilizing rooms in medical institutions using ozone and ultraviolet rays. The disadvantage of such devices is their lack of air purification from mechanical impurities, as well as their harmful effects on patients and staff.

Recently, devices with power electric fields, in particular, electric cleaners, have been used to clean, disinfect and sterilize air. However, mainly electric cleaners free air from mechanical impurities, and the effect of disinfection and sterilization is weakly expressed.

The well-known "Chizhevsky chandelier", in which the formation of negative ions in the air. These ions have a beneficial effect on the human body, activating all life processes, accelerating wound healing and healing of patients. The same ions disinfect and sterilize the air. And the more these ions will be in the air surrounding the person, the more beneficial effect they will have.

The formation of negative ions in air occurs under certain conditions [1]. For the formation of a negative ion, one or more electrons must be attached to the atom. For this purpose, pointed metal objects, for example needles, are applied to which a high electric voltage of direct current of a negative sign is applied, of the order of several kilovolts. The pointedness of the body provides the concentration of electrons on this part of it [2], with which the electrons transfer to neutral atoms, making them negatively charged ions. This happens in the "Chizhevsky chandelier."

Known electric cleaner of dielectric liquids and gases [4], comprising a housing with nozzles for supplying and discharging a working agent. Coaxial cylindrical precipitation electrodes and dielectric partitions having through annular slots in planes perpendicular to the general axis of the device are assembled in the housing.

The disadvantages of this device are its weak disinfecting and sterilizing properties.

Also known is an electric dielectric fluid purifier [5], which comprises a housing with nozzles for supplying and discharging a working agent. Inside the case, acting as an electrode, restrictive plates are installed. Between them, in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the device, pairs consisting of a dielectric partition and a disk precipitation electrode having slots are arranged coaxially to each other. Pairs are installed with alternating sign of potential on the disk precipitation electrodes.

The disadvantage of this device is its low efficiency in disinfection and sterilization of the working agent.

A device for sterilization and fine gas filtration [6] is known, consisting of a coarse filter of oppositely charged conductive filter elements, between which a highly porous dielectric filter element is installed; a two-section charger with opposite crowns, the corona and non-corona electrodes of which are equipped with conductive filter elements; a precipitator made with conductive oppositely charged filter elements located parallel to each other, between which highly porous dielectric filter elements are installed.

The disadvantages of this device are: rapid filling of pores in structural elements with contaminants, including microorganisms, and it will be difficult, or more often impossible, to remove these contaminants from these pores, which will require frequent replacement of these elements; since the pores in the elements have a small transverse size, resistance to air movement will appear, increasing as the pores become contaminated, which will require air to be pressed to move through the pores, and this is associated with additional energy consumption; the formation of negative ions occurs in the corona discharge of the electrodes, where at the same time ozone and nitrogen oxides are formed, which are harmful to humans; the location of the precipitator after the ionizers provides a decrease in negative ions in the stream, because they fall on positively charged plates of the precipitator, where they are neutralized; because This device is installed in a ventilation or air conditioning system and does not have its own source for air movement, it cannot be used independently and autonomously.

The closest in combination of essential features is a device for inactivation and fine filtering of viruses and microorganisms in the air stream [7], containing a high-voltage power source and arranged in series along the flow: a means of preliminary processing of the air flow formed from oppositely charged conductive filter elements between which installed a plate of a dielectric highly porous permeable material; a two-section inactivation chamber, each section of which is made in the form of located coaxially needle-shaped corona and cylindrical non-corona electrodes, each of which is electrically connected to a corresponding plate of conductive filtering material; precipitator made of oppositely charged plates of highly porous conductive material located parallel to each other, between which are plates of highly porous permeable dielectric material.

The disadvantages of this device are the same as in the previous device.

An object of the invention is to provide a device for cleaning air (gas) from mechanical impurities with its simultaneous disinfection, sterilization and activation.

The technical result of the invention is achieved by making the device so that it is a T-shaped tubular structure of circular shape in cross section, in the sleeves of which, successively from the edges at the ends to the plane of symmetry, are electric pumps for drawing air from the surrounding space, electric cleaners of this air from mechanical impurities and primary disinfection and sterilization, ionizers of negative ions of the first stage, made in the form of radially spaced around the circumference these rhomboid needles, which are the cathode, and the anode ring, between which, in the plane of symmetry and along the axis of the adjacent pipe, there is a straightening device made in the form of coaxially arranged funnel-shaped inserts having radial cross-sectional profiles that ensure smooth rotation of the air flow 90 degrees, without disrupting the flow from the streamlined surface of the inserts, into the adjacent pipe, in which, after the straightening apparatus, a grid of perpendicularly arranged thin plates for lamas is installed air flow, after which, in the pipe channel, there is a second-stage negative ionizer that is identical in design to the first-stage ionizer, and a constant voltage of 4 to 6 kV is applied to the ionizers, and a constant voltage of 5 to 25 kV is applied to the electrodes of the electric cleaners.

Two-stage ionization of air allows the second stage to obtain stronger ionization of atoms, which became ions in the first stage and thereby have a greater disinfecting, sterilizing and activating effect on the air flow.

Laminarization of the air flow reduces the suction effect of the stream leaving the device on the surrounding air and drawing pollutants, microorganisms, pathogens from it into the stream, which would reduce the efficiency of the proposed device in a turbulent flow.

The air flow through the device is regulated by a change in the electric current flowing through the windings of the electric pumps.

The air treated by the proposed device is supplied to the local area, in particular, the place of the operation in the surgical department, the oral cavity in the dental or ENT rooms, the eyes during operations on them, etc. Also, this air can be supplied to objects and materials requiring their disinfection, for example, medical instruments, dressings, etc. This device can be installed in hospital wards, where convalescents are lying, which will clean, disinfect and activate the air, accelerating the healing process and without harming those present.

That is, the proposed device allows locally cleaning, disinfection, sterilization and activation of the air flow and directing it to the desired location.

Air activation is understood as enhancing its healing properties, activating metabolic processes in the body, stimulating the protective properties of the skin from pathogenic bacteria, improving breathing in patients with respiratory diseases, regulating heart rhythm, improving the condition of patients with bronchial asthma, bronchitis, pneumonia, even tuberculosis , coronary artery disease, hypertension and others. Negative ions break the shell of microorganisms, exerting a bactericidal effect on the air flow [8].

A comparative analysis allows us to conclude that the proposed device differs from the prototype in that it uses electric pumps that are quiet and durable, and make the proposed device autonomous. In addition, the formation of negative ions is carried out not in the corona discharge when substances harmful to humans are formed, but by draining from places of electron concentration, which does not form ozone and harmful oxides. Electric cleaners are also used to clean air from mechanical impurities and preliminary disinfection and gas sterilization. Electric cleaners, having sufficient openings in the electrodes, do not create resistance to air movement. Their regeneration (restoration of working capacity) can be carried out many times and quite simply: by mechanical washing of the electrodes, by ultrasonic regeneration, etc. And placing them at the beginning of the air channel does not neutralize the formed negative ions, which increases the efficiency of the device. The autonomy of the proposed device allows you to use it in any desired place. Thus, the proposed technical solution meets the criterion of "novelty."

Analysis of the known technical solutions (analogues) in the studied area allows us to conclude that there are no signs in them that are similar to the essential distinguishing features in the claimed device, and to recognize it as meeting the criterion of "significant differences".

The use of all new features can significantly improve the efficiency of air purification from mechanical impurities, its disinfection and activation, including the same effect of this air on its surface.

The drawing shows a General view, in longitudinal section, of a device for receiving and supplying a clean, negatively ionized, laminar air flow.

The device consists of a housing 1 of a tubular structure of a round, transverse, section, T-shape, i.e. the casing is a segment of a round pipe, to which, in the middle, another segment of a round pipe adjoins with one end at an angle of 90 degrees, and the internal cavities of both pipe segments are connected to each other. As a result of such a connection of pipe segments, a T-shape of the body is formed, consisting of two arms, on both sides of the plane of symmetry, and an adjacent pipe, the axis of which lies in the plane of symmetry of the device. In the arms of the case, symmetrically to the plane of symmetry of the device (although not necessary), there are electric pumps 2, electric cleaners 3 of any design, ionizers 4 of the first stage, which are metal needles 5, type AA, located radially and mounted on a current collector 12, insulated from the body. A negative terminal of a DC source of 4 to 6 kV is connected to the current collector. The greater the voltage, the higher the ionization.

However, the voltage must be such that there is no corona discharge at which ozone, nitrogen oxides, and other substances harmful to humans are formed.

The needles 5 are diamond-shaped, type “DD”, which ensures the concentration of electrons not only at the end of the needles, but also on the lateral pointed surfaces, which increases the number of drained electrons and the number of negative ions formed.

The plus is ring 14.

In the plane of symmetry of the device, along the axis of the adjacent pipe and between the ionizers of the first stage, there are coaxially funnel-shaped inserts 6 of the rectifier, having radial cross-sectional profiles that provide a smooth rotation of the air flow by 90 degrees, without disrupting this flow from the streamlined surface of the inserts. The number of inserts is chosen so as to ensure a reversal of the entire air stream, at its maximum flow rate, without resistance to the movement of this stream. After the inserts, inside the adjacent pipe, an air flow laminator 7 is installed, which is thin plates 8 located at right angles, view BB, connected to a circular ring. The plates are arranged in a stream parallel to the longitudinal axis of the adjacent pipe.

Behind the flow laminator, inside the adjacent pipe, an ionizer 9 of the second stage is installed, which is a structure identical to the ionizer of the first stage, where the needles 10, type CC, are attached at their ends to the current collector 11. The latter is connected to the negative terminal of a constant current source, voltage from 4 to 6 kV.

The treated air stream flows from the free end of the adjacent pipe and is sent to the desired location, for example, on the surgical table 13.

Electric pumps 2 operate silently, as There are no rotating elements, which is important for people, and have a long service life.

A device for receiving and supplying a clean, negatively ionized, laminar air flow works as follows.

When you turn on the electric pumps 2 from the surrounding space, air begins to be sucked in and fed to the input of the electric cleaners 3, to which the power is previously supplied. Passing through electric cleaners, the air is freed from mechanical impurities that settle on the electrodes. Previously, disinfection and sterilization are carried out here. From the outputs of the electric cleaners, the cleaned air enters the input of the first stage ionizers 4, the high voltage of which is previously supplied. On the needles of the ionizer 5, electrons accumulate that flow from them into the air stream (similarly, electric charges accumulated on it in the form of electrons flow into space from the skin of aircraft). Some of these electrons attach to the neutral atoms of the air, making them negatively charged ions. Ring anode 14 provides such a drain.

Other atoms, when the air moves, touch the surface of the needles 5, and electrons flow onto them, turning them into negatively charged ions. Air passing through electric cleaners is partially disinfected and sterilized. The formed negative ions continue this process and additionally activate the atoms and molecules of the air, which have a beneficial effect on the entire human body. Further, the air flow passing through the insert 6, smoothly turns around 90 degrees. However, moving along narrow channels, with backwater from electric pumps, the air flow has turbulences.

Passing through the laminator 7, the air flow becomes laminar, i.e. the movement of air flow becomes layered, without mixing adjacent layers. The laminator plates 8 divide the air flow into parts, dividing and calming the vortices.

Next, the laminar flow passes through the ionizer 9 of the second stage, a high voltage on the current collector 11 is pre-filed. Since the needles 10 of the ionizer 9 are thin, air turbulence does not occur. On the needles 10, electrons accumulate and flow off them, joining both neutral atoms, making them ions, and ions, charging them even harder. The same process occurs when the atoms and ions of the air stream touch the needles. At the same time, the disinfecting, sterilizing and activating effect of negative ions is enhanced.

At the outlet of the device, the disinfected, sterilized and activated air stream having negative ions is directed to some surface, for example, to the surgical table 13, providing a disinfecting, sterilizing and activating effect when it comes in contact with a person, instrument, materials, etc.

Conducted preliminary studies of the work of ionizers gave a positive result.

Thus, the use of ionizers in conjunction with electric cleaners allows you to get clean, disinfected, sterile and active air.

Information sources

1. The new illustrated encyclopedia. - M.: Big Russian Encyclopedia, 2001 .-- v.7, p.217.

2. Yavorsky B.M., Seleznev Yu.A. A reference guide to physics for applicants to universities and for self-education. - M .: Nauka, 1989 .-- p.203.

3. J. "Radio", No. 6, 1997. - p. 33.

4. Patent for invention No. 2108869 "Electric cleaner of dielectric liquids and gases", RF. Priority from 10.01.1996.

5. Patent for invention No. 2145524 "Electric cleaner of dielectric liquids" of the Russian Federation. Priority from 10.01.1996.

6. RF patent No. 2026751 “Device for sterilization and fine gas filtration”. Published 01/20/1995.

7. Device for inactivation and fine filtering of viruses and microorganisms in the air stream. International application published under the number WO 2010/03 3048 A1, March 25, 2010. PCT / RU 2008/000603.

8. Military Medical Academy named after Kirov, St. Petersburg .: Department of balneology and physiotherapy.

Claims (1)

A device for receiving and supplying a clean, negatively ionized, laminar air stream, purifying and disinfecting the flow of a gaseous medium - a working agent, such as air, including a cleaner and a gas ionizer, characterized in that the device is a T-shaped tubular design in a circular shape cross-section, in the sleeves of which electric pumps are located successively from the ends at the ends to the plane of symmetry for sucking air from the surrounding space, electric cleaners of this air from mechanical impurities and primary disinfection and sterilization, ionizers of negative ions of the first stage, made in the form of rhomboid-shaped needles radially spaced around the circumference, which are the cathode, and anode rings, between which a straightening apparatus made in the plane of symmetry and along the axis of the adjacent pipe is made in the form of coaxially located funnel-shaped inserts with radial cross-sectional profiles, providing a smooth rotation of the air flow by 90 °, without disrupting the flow from the enclosed surface of the inserts, into the adjacent pipe, in which, after the rectifier, there is a lattice of perpendicularly thin plates for laminating the air flow, after which a negative ionizer of the second stage is located in the pipe channel, identical in design to the first stage ionizer, and a constant voltage is applied to the ionizers from 4 to 6 kV, and a constant voltage of 5 to 25 kV on the electrodes of electric cleaners.