WO2020141362A1

WO2020141362A1 - Operation room and surface sterilizer with no sterilant

Info

Publication number: WO2020141362A1
Application number: PCT/IB2019/052847
Authority: WO
Inventors: Majid MOHAMMADIKHOSHBAKHT; Saeed MOHAMMADI KHOSHBAKHT
Original assignee: Mohammadikhoshbakht Majid; Mohammadi Khoshbakht Saeed
Priority date: 2019-04-06
Filing date: 2019-04-06
Publication date: 2020-07-09

Abstract

The operation room and surface sterilizer with no sterilant, during the operation and without the need to leave room by the personnel, sterilizes ambient air and all surfaces and walls without the use of chemicals and radiation, and considerably reduces the number of microorganisms using technologies of photocatalysts, cold plasma, UV photolysis, nano-silver sterilization and photochemical oxidation to produce free radicals and ions, such as hydroxyl, and increase the number and synergy of their kinetic energy and use of photocatalyst and plasma technologies and nano-silver solutions without limitation of application. The sterilizing agent is the hydroxyl particles produced by photocatalytic technology. As well as, a cold plasma generator was used to strengthen hydroxyl particles and nano-silver solution vapor was used to sterilize the surfaces and environment.

Description

Operation room and surface sterilizer with no sterilant

The treatment of nosocomial infections imposes a huge cost on the health budget of Iran and other countries in the world. Nosocomial infection is an infection that appears after the patient's admission to the hospital and 48 or 72 hours after the patient's discharge. 21 to 27 % of surgical wound infections appear after the patient's discharge. Currently, two methods for sterilizing surfaces are used in health centers: ultraviolet radiation and the use of sterilizing chemicals. An ultraviolet lamp is used to disinfect populated areas, operating rooms, and so on. The main limitation in the use of this radiation is its weak penetration power and, despite the passage of this beam by air without dust, cannot penetrate ordinary glass, opaque solutions, etc. It is also not used in the presence of humans for sterile action, and its radiation to humans is carcinogenic and not suitable for organic substances. The use of chemicals also has limitations, including: The user is at risk of breathing generated gases. No living being should be present in the room during sterilization, and the use of chemicals requires a great caution of users. Due to the limitations expressed in sterilizing the environment and air, a device has been designed and constructed to sterilize ambient air and all surfaces and walls without the use of chemicals and radiation, and greatly reduces the number of microorganisms. Using technologies of photocatalysts, cold plasma, UV photolysis, nano-silver sterilization and photochemical oxidation without harming the environment and humans, the device sterilizes the environment and air.

The present invention relates generally to HUMAN NECESSITIES Category MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE

Search result at the international level is as follows:

Photocatalytic air disinfection - US5933702 :

This is a method for disinfecting the air flow containing microorganisms, which includes the steps of preparing an air flow containing microorganisms with a relative humidity of more than 40% and is in contact with the air flow with a photocatalyst having a preset energy in the presence of a photon source with wavelength related to the catalytic beam energy, so that a portion of the microorganisms in the air stream is destroyed.

In this method, a photon and a catalyst are used which lead to the production of free radicals particles that, by affecting the microorganisms, will destroy them. But the method destroys a part of the microorganisms and does not completely eliminate them. While various surfaces are also sterilized in our method, besides the complete removal of microorganisms from the air.

Three-dimensional, photocatalytic filter apparatus - US6238631 :

This is a three-dimensional, photocatalytic filter apparatus, through which a liquid stream containing the contaminants passes; a number of porous filter plates that each of which carries the photocatalyst to decompose pollutants; and there is a light source. In the design, ultraviolet light and multiple filters have been used to remove contaminants. In this method, filters with texture covered by fibers that confine the body of microorganisms and are not allowed to leave, are used. The filters should be replaced periodically and regularly, and not effective for very tiny microorganisms.

Photocatalytic composition - US 6878191:

The photocatalytic composition contains the minimum photocatalytic material and the minimum inorganic binding agent, which is characterized by the fact that an inorganic binding agent includes aqueous dispersion of colloidal silicon dioxide (SiO2), dispersion of water colloidal silica dioxide.

As stated, there are variety of photocatalysts, but they only destroy a part of the microorganisms. In our design, several processes have been used to completely remove microorganisms, while several photocatalysts have been used in the above design that only eliminate a part of the microorganism.

Titanium oxide for photocatalyst and method of producing the same - US 5759948 :

This is an invention of a titanium oxide photocatalyst having excellent photocatalyst salts and includeing titanium oxide particles that contain part or all of the iron composition in it. Using the excellent photocatalytic properties, substances that cause harmful influence on the human body or the environment, such as organic halogen compounds, harmful gases, oils, bacteria, fungi and algae can be removed quickly and effectively.

In this method, ultraviolet light and its radiation to a catalyst, such as titanium dioxide is used, which produces particles of free radicals that, by affecting microorganisms, can destroy them. This method is used in industrial ventilation on a limited basis, but the environment is sterilized in the proposed design, using a few different processes, and the device can be used anywhere.

Photocatalyst - US6558553 :

The invention generally consists of a relatively stable magnetic photocatalysts, which contain a magnetite core insulated with an active titanium dioxide layer. In one example, the insulation layer is silicon dioxide that stops the direct electrical connection between titanium dioxide and magnetite.

A relatively stable magnetic photocatalyst is used in the method that generates free radicals that, by influencing the microorganisms, destroys them. The method is used on a limited basis in industrial ventilation.

Photocatalyst - US 7166554 :

To provide a photocatalyst, which has a photocatalytic activity much higher than that of Flavin, and is an excellent catalyst in the stability; a photocatalyst containing Flavin-earth metal ion compounds.

This method produces particles of free radicals that, by affecting microorganisms, can destroy them. The method is used on a limited basis in industrial ventilation.

Air Treatment Method and Device - USAPP 20080019861 :

To improve air quality in confined spaces such as rooms, an air purifier device and an air treatment method are used. The air purifier includes a fan to stimulate air flow through an air purifier and a UV treatment room. An ultraviolet radiation source rays in the UV treatment room to destroy microorganisms in the air flow. The air purifier is designed, so that a high air flow is generated, while all microorganisms in the air flow are killed through the air purifier. By increasing airflow and air cleaning capacity, the air purifier can clean a limited space in a short term. Air purification devices use different methods to separate harmful particles from the ambient air or eliminate them. One of the ways that lead to the elimination of some of the microorganisms in the environment is the use of UV lamps. In this method, ambient air is suctioned to the device, and then the air containing environmental microorganisms passes through the vicinity of the UV lamp that, by the absorption of UV radiation, some of the microorganisms are destroyed. It should be noted that all microorganisms are not eliminated in this method, because the intensity of ultraviolet radiation is not very high.

Environmental control unit for hospital room - USAPP 20060021375 :

It produces an air conditioning system and filtering of a positive or negative pressure to create a separation space. The common entrance piston of the first and second inputs is to accept the air returning from the space or out of the air, which may be provided from a main A/C structure system. Clean air and ventilation returned to a balanced space; and the condenser air is out of the boring conditional space. Pilum of air inlet may be common for the condenser airflow and evaporator airflow. A HEPA filter cleans air from both the condenser and the evaporator. The device has the potential of portability and maintenance.

In this method, filters with texture covered by fibers that confine the body of microorganisms and are not allowed to leave, are used. The filters should be replaced periodically and regularly, and not effective for very tiny microorganisms. Activated carbon is used in bioactive filters, which has a damaging effect on microorganisms physically and chemically. Meanwhile, carbon filters significantly affect chemicals and odors and aerosols. In air purification systems, there are usually several different types of filters used in parallel and in combination.

Method and apparatus for optimizing germicidal lamp performance in a disinfection device - US 9265174 :

It is the invention of the temperature of the critical points of UV lamps and critical points that contain mercury or amalgam containing mercury, by directing a uniform flow of air over critical points that contain amalgams or in another way to remove heat from critical points.

In this method, part of the microorganisms are destroyed through absorbing the UV rays, and it should be noted that all microorganisms are not eliminated in the method, because the intensity of ultraviolet radiation is not high.

AREA STERILIZER AND METHOD OF DISINFECTION- USAPP 20090191100

An ultraviolet area sterilizer is located in the building structure that there is concern about the presence of pathogenic bacteria at environmental surfaces. They generate UV-C generators that are enclosed in the partitions of the area. They reflect the UV-C partitions to kill pathogens in the enclosed area. The device sends a calculated value of UV-C from a mounted base to a partition in the enclosed area.

When the UV-C cumulative effective dose is reflected to the radiation sensors, it is measured by the sensor and the device is turned off.

This summary is intended to provide an overview of the subject matter of the present disclosure, and is not intended to identify essential elements or key elements of the subject matter, nor is it intended to be used to determine the scope of the claimed implementations. The proper scope of the present disclosure may be ascertained from the claims set forth below in view of the detailed description below and the drawings.

In one general aspect, the present disclosure describes Operation room and surface sterilizer with no sterilant in MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE category .

One of the most important problems in health centers and hospitals is the transmission of infectious diseases to patients during surgery and other units of the hospital. The treatment of nosocomial infections imposes a huge cost on the health budget of Iran and other countries in the world. Nosocomial infection is an infection that appears after the patient's admission to the hospital and 48 or 72 hours after the patient's discharge. 21 to 27 % of surgical wound infections appear after the patient's discharge. Currently, two methods for sterilizing surfaces are used in health centers: ultraviolet radiation and the use of sterilizing chemicals. An ultraviolet lamp is used to disinfect populated areas, operating rooms, and so on. The main limitation in the use of this radiation is its weak penetration power and, despite the passage of this beam by air without dust, cannot penetrate ordinary glass, opaque solutions, etc. It is also not used in the presence of humans for sterile action, and its radiation to humans is carcinogenic and not suitable for organic substances. The use of chemicals also has limitations, including: The user is at risk of breathing generated gases. No living being should be present in the room during sterilization, and the use of chemicals requires a great caution of users. Due to the limitations expressed in sterilizing the environment and air, a device has been designed and constructed to sterilize ambient air and all surfaces and walls without the use of chemicals and radiation, and greatly reduces the number of microorganisms. Using technologies of photocatalysts, cold plasma, UV photolysis, nano-silver sterilization and photochemical oxidation without harming the environment and humans, the device sterilizes the environment and air.

One of the most important problems in health centers and hospitals is the transmission of infectious diseases to patients during surgery and other units of the hospital. The treatment of nosocomial infections imposes a huge cost on the health budget of Iran and other countries in the world. Nosocomial infection is an infection that appears after the patient's admission to the hospital and 48 or 72 hours after the patient's discharge. 21 to 27 % of surgical wound infections appear after the patient's discharge. Although much progress has been made in controlling hospital infection in more than a century ago, nosocomial infections as a major source of morbidity and mortality have continued this trend. So that approximately two to ten percent of hospitalized patients in the United States experience infection during their hospitalization, but this figure is higher in developing countries, and there are about 7-8 million hospital-acquired infections per year, as far as the 11th cause of death in these countries. According to the studies conducted, most of the infections are caused by surgical wounds during operation as well as through the respiratory system. In case of infection transmission from the surgical instruments or the hospital setting and operating room, which is very common, the patient's body will have a general infection that delays the healing of wounds caused by surgery for a long time and requires taking of strong antibiotics. There are currently no methods for the sterilization of operating room at the same time as surgery and the presence of the patient and the physician. In this way, the sterilization process is performed simultaneously with the presence of individuals during surgery in the device, and at the same time the room air and surfaces and walls are disinfected.

According to the studies conducted, most of the infections are caused by surgical wounds during operation as well as through the respiratory system. In case of infection transmission from the surgical instruments or the hospital setting and operating room, which is very common, the patient's body will have a general infection that delays the healing of wounds caused by surgery for a long time and requires taking of strong antibiotics. There are currently no methods for the sterilization of operating room at the same time as surgery and the presence of the patient and the physician. In this way, the sterilization process is performed simultaneously with the presence of individuals during surgery in the device, and at the same time the room air and surfaces and walls are disinfected.

In summary, operation of the device is as follows: First, the main power switch of the device is turned on and the power enters the device. Then, fan starts to work by pressing the start button on the touch screen. It enters the room air from the bottom to the device, and a very small amount of nano silver solution is sprayed from the storage tank into the device. Moist air is converted into hydroxyl particles through plates coated with photocatalytic titanium dioxide and intense ultraviolet light. The potential difference of 25,000 volts is applied to both ends of the plasma electrodes, and the air containing hydroxyl particles enters the plasma portion, and the bacteria in the air, once lost by radiation of UV light, are once again exposed to cold plasma and the rest of it disappears. Hydroxyl particles in the air and nanosilver particles come out of the device and hit the surfaces, causing oxidation of the bacterial wall materials and their destruction. The refined air enters the room and will be replaced by non-sterile air. In the lower part of the device, the air inlet panel (part 7) is located that the air is suctioned through this valve by fan and air conditioner. In these valves, filters that are covered with activated carbon can be used for treatment of intake air. At the time of passing through the filter, bacteria physically trapped within carbon particles and are also activated in the chemical reaction with carbon, and part of the bacteria are removed from the air. On the rear side of the inlet valve, the air-conditioning unit and the source of the nanosilver solution (No. 13) are located. There is a chassis inside the device that forms the frame and column of the device. In fact, the engine and the air-conditioning unit and the nanosilver solution tank are connected to the base of the device and bolted into the chassis. The base of the device is located at the bottom part, which is bolted to the floor to prevent the vibration. In the middle of the device's body, there are titanium oxide-coated metal plates (No. 27, 40) and catalyst units, among which there are generating lamps of ultraviolet radiation (No. 29). To get trapped air between these plates and increase the contact time of air with the plates, plates with small pores and failures can be used. The plates should be mounted on the vibration rubber, because its photocatalytic materials are gradually falling and efficiency of the device is reduced in the event of their long vibration, and it is necessary that the plates to be replaced with new plates at regular intervals. In the middle of these plates, there are generating lamps of ultraviolet light at an equal distance (No. 29), which are connected to two sides of the socket (No. 28) and the power cable and the power supply, and there are bar-shaped or U-shaped lamps. Some of the high-power UV lamps are not in the form of a bar and are bigger ones. Therefore, proper shape should be cut appropriately to the shape of the lamp for placement inside the photocatalytic plates. How to put UV lamps is important because they should have the greatest amount of radiation to the photocatalytic plates and air. Components No. 24 and 26 are cold plasma electrodes designed to increase the electric field created by it as a lattice that the other pole of the plasma electrode is placed in parallel in front of it, which is connected by a screw to the base. In this design, three possible modes of plasma generating electrodes are designed. In the first case, the electrodes are cylindrical, and the cylindrical parts are in parallel facing each other. The electrodes are usually made of steel, coated with dielectric materials, such as glass powder, and then placed in a furnace. Their dielectric coatings are hard and increase the life of electrodes and their safety. The electrodes are locked in their place from the back by the connectors that have ceramic insulation coating and are connected to a high voltage cable. The second type of the large flat plates is used to build the electrode. Like the other ones, their coating is also covered with dielectric materials. The useful surface of this electrode is much more than the previous case and its shelf life is less. Dielectric coating in this case should be done with greater precision. And the third type of electrodes is the comb-shaped electrode that the model provides a greater surface area in less volume but with more weight. The dielectric coating and connections of this electrode are like the previous cases. The performance of this state and the field intensity of this electrode is higher than the previous states. A touch screen (No. 31) is located on the device that all the operating commands and... is embedded on it. Meanwhile, the screen alarms if a part fails. The speed of the fan (No. 36) and the intensity of the output wind can be adjustable on the screen. Element PLC (No. 41) of the device sends the command on and off the various parts of the device according to the program given. There is a USB port (number 41) in a side of the screen that the past performance data of the device is received by it and the updated program of PLC unit is uploaded via it. At the above of the photocatalytic unit, the plasma unit and its electrodes (No. 15, 16, 24, and 26) are located. At the above and the front of the device is the air outlet valve (No. 9), which throws air purified as well as hydroxyl particles to the environment that the airflow is adjustable by moving plates on it.

Formula of chemical processes:

In the design and construction of the device, the following technologies are used:

1) Cold Plasma

2) Photo Chemical Oxidation

3) Ultraviolet Sterilization

4) Photocatalysis oxidation via Modified TiO2 Coating

5) UV Photolysis

6) Antibacterial, Biocidal Nanosilver Effect

The air sterilization process is as follows:

To reduce the number of microorganisms in the air, it is necessary to pass the room air through the device at high volume. For this purpose, two cylindrical blades on either side of an axis are coupled to an electromotor. The power required for electromotor is 220 V, which enters the engine after passing through the power supply. Time of the engine turning on and turning off, which is simultaneous with the device switching on and off, is driven by the control board. The air conditioner unit is located at the bottom of the device, which sucks the air from the device from the floor of room and directs to the upper parts of the device and then throws out from the top of the device. To control the fan speed of the air conditioner, three modes are used: slow, medium and fast. By selecting the desired mode by the user on the touch screen, the command required is given to the electromotor. In the next step, the ambient air that contains water vapor is entered into the filter section. The higher the air contact area with these surfaces, result and efficiency of the device operation will be higher and better. These filters are made of flat metal plates or porous plates. Metal or plastic mesh can also be used. But the important issue is the maximum increase in the contact surface and the stabilization and strength of photocatalytic materials on it, because the photocatalyst particles are separated from the surface of the metal and removed from the device along with the air with quick passing of compressed air from the filter and the passage of time that this gradually reduces the amount of hydroxyl production and the efficiency of the device. In the path of air movement, a number of generator UV lamps have been mounted.

Two technologies have been used for air sterilization and a significant reduction in the number of bacteria suspended in the air:

1. Ultraviolet radiation inside the sterile chamber

2. Cold plasma to destroy cell wall in high-voltage magnetic field

Five high-power UV lamps have been installed in the device, embedded in five rows inside the metal mesh filters. We choose the type of lamp according to the size and capacity of the device, and the ultraviolet light produced by these lamps is in the range of 250 to 270 nm (Figure 12). The light produced by the cell wall of the bacteria is absorbed (Figure 11) and, by colliding with proteins and DNA inside the cell, disrupts cellular vital activity and causes the death of bacteria. By designing the longer path for the passage of air from the front of UV lamp, we increase the ray absorption time. To generate the radiation, UV flash lamps that turn on and off many times per minute, are used, because they produce more energy radiation. All of the generating UV lamps are in a dark enclosure that prevents UV light radiation to surrounding humans and, on the other hand, prevents the radiation of visible light of the environment and the sun to bacteria and reconstruction of them and prevents the phenomenon of photoreaction.

In the next step, the air enters the cold plasma generator unit. Two electrodes made of hardened coated steel, facing each other and after the UV chamber, have the task of creating a strong electric field and plasma state. In newer methods of manufacturing the plasma, the electrode is covered with dielectric materials such as glass. By creating a potential difference of 20000 to 25000 volts between these two electrodes, supplied by a high-voltage power supply, high-voltage transducer and alternating current. The frequency of the applied voltage is adjustable in the range of 10 to 20 kHz. Pulse voltage with a nanosecond pulse duration is generated using a DC voltage supply of energy storage capacitors and high-speed switches and voltage transducers. The energy is accumulated in the capacitors, and then the energy stored in the capacitor is transformed into a plasma over a short period of time and with high frequency. The very low pulse duration and high frequency of applied voltage make it possible to create a uniform plasma between two electrodes that the plasma does not have thermal effects. Also, the germicidal effects of the plasma unit will increase by increasing the capacitance of the power supply unit.

By passing air containing bacteria from this strong field, the molecules forming the bacterial cell in the wall and the other components are polarized, and its positive and negative poles will have a new makeup and order under the influence of this strong field that affects the normal activity of the bacteria and causes the destruction of the cell. One of the most important mechanisms of destroying the bacteria in the plasma environment is the destruction of bacterial membranes through membrane lipid oxidation. As well as, another mechanism is related to the chemical reaction of free radicals such as O and OH, as well as active particles such as O, O3, O2, H2, or charged particles of , , with cell membranes, and the next factor is the UV radiation generated in the plasma. On the other hand, the hydroxyl particles produced in the UV chamber are stimulated with more intensity in the plasma chamber and their energy is increased, and this will have a damaging and aggravating effect on bacteria and their rapid death.

To sterilize the surfaces, three technologies have been also used:

1- Production of high-energy hydroxyl particles using UV-Photocatalyst technology through water vapor in the air.

2- Production of high-energy hydroxyl particles using Cold Plasalla technology

3. Double destruction of bacteria using a solution containing nanosilver particles

To produce hydroxyl ions (Figure 16), water vapor in the air is used by UV photocatalyst technology. The UV light with a wavelength of 365 nm (Figure 15) turns water vapor into the hydroxyl ions. Filters containing photocatalyst materials, such as titanium oxide and zinc oxide, are completely covered around the UV lamp. The materials act as a catalyst in the process of converting water vapor to hydroxyl, which plays an important role in this process. This process is called Advanced Hydrated Photocatalyst Oxidation.

TiO2 compounds appear to be an ideal photocatalyst from different aspects. Titanium dioxide, especially in the form of anatase, is a photocatalyst under ultraviolet light. When it is strengthened with nitrogen ions or metal oxide such as tungsten trioxide, titanium dioxide is a photocatalyst, both in visible light and under ultraviolet light. The strong oxidative potential (redox) oxidize its positive electron holes to create hydroxyl radicals. It can also directly oxidize oxygen and organic matter (Figure 17). Titanium dioxide is a catalyst in this reaction and remains intact at the end. In the project, we use a combination of two types of titanium dioxide in the form of anatase and rutile with iron trioxide. To increase the surface area of catalyst with air and water vapor in it, thin iron plates are placed parallel to each other and completely surround the ultraviolet generating lamp. To stick the catalyst to the surface of metal plates, we use a kind of air-dry resin, so that the soft and very tiny powder (at the nanoscale) of titanium dioxide is mixed with the resin and stirred firmly with the stirrer until a uniform solution is obtained, and it is then sprayed onto two plates by an electrostatic spraying device. The use of an electrostatic spraying device creates a completely uniform layer with the same thickness at all surfaces. The coated plates should be placed in a warm environment at around 50 ° C to allow resin to evaporate and the titanium dioxide is completely fixed on it.

To increase the efficiency of the catalyst filter plates, zinc dioxide and copper oxide can be combined with titanium dioxide, which will have a synergistic effect in the process of producing hydroxyl. To increase the absorption of water vapor by them, it is better to use a hydrophilic material that increases the chance of encountering water molecules to the catalyst and converting water vapor into hydroxyl ions and accelerates it. The active hydroxyl ions produced in this section enter the plasma chamber and their number increases. Then all the free ions and free radicals produced in this system are thrown out by the air pressure produced by the fan and hit the surfaces. Hydroxyl ions, through collision to the cell wall of bacteria (Figure 17), cause the oxidization of its materials and destruction of microorganisms. Due to the high kinetic energy and the air flow generated by the fan, these particles affect all the rooms and surfaces and drastically reduce the mass of bacteria.

To increase the power of the device in the germicidal process and sterilization process, pumping of nanosilver particles is also used in this device. The positive charge of silver ion in this activity is very important because it will have the potential for electrostatic reactions with the negative charges contained in the membrane and thereby connect to the membrane. Silver ions release K+ ions from bacteria. Therefore, bacterial plasma and bacterial plasma membranes, which are the hive of enzymes and DNA, will be at the exposure of silver ions. When bacterial growth is inhibited, silver ions grow in vacuoles and cell walls like granules. They inhibit cell division and damage the cell wall and cellular content. The size of the cell becomes small and the structure of cell wall and plasma membrane and cell content are impaired. The antibacterial property of silver nanoparticles in gram-negative bacteria depends on the concentration of nanoparticles and the Pits accumulation in the cell wall. These nanoparticles accumulated in the membrane cause membrane permeability and gradual cell death. The membrane damage of the cell wall may also be due to the destructive effects of these free radicals. Free radicals are intermediate compounds with a short life span that contain one or more unpaired electrons in their final electron layers. Because of this, they are very reactive and, to obtain electrons, attack to their adjacent stable molecules and cause the oxidation of them. A molecule that has lost its electron, it becomes a free radical and the cycle continues. For this purpose, a tank containing three liters of distilled water containing silver nitrate at a concentration of 75 mg/L is embedded in the device that one milliliter of this fluid is added to the exhaust air of device by a spraying solenoid valve and via a fan every ten minutes once, in which compressed air of the device throws the nanosilver ion to the outside air and all surfaces. Continuing the operation of the device, to reduce the consumption of silver solution, because the need for sterilization is more intense at the start of the device, the solution spray interval increases. The smaller the size of the silver particles (5 to 15 nanometers), its penetration power into the cell wall and its destructive effect on the bacteria increases. So nanosilver particles with size of 10 to 15 nm are recommended. In addition, the shape of silver nanoparticles is effective in their performance, and the best form can be the triangle-shaped silver particles. The mechanism of function of silver nanoparticles to eliminate microorganisms is in two forms: They stick to the cell wall and destroy the wall, which results in the cell's contents dropping out and its death. On the other hand, silver ion penetrates the body of the cell and prevents the copying of cellular proteins such as DNA and so on, which ultimately leads to cell death.

The production of active oxygen by silver: this mechanism is true on the nanosilver composites, which are placed on semiconductor bases such as TiO2 or SiO2. In this condition, the particle acts like an electrochemical cell, and by oxidizing the oxygen atom and by hydrolyzing the water, it generates ion OHH - both of which are among active bases and are also the most potent antimicrobial agents.

1-Simultaneous sterilization of ambient air and surfaces and walls

2-Carrying out the sterilization process simultaneous with the presence of humans in the environment and during surgery

3-Non-use of toxic chemicals

4-Cheapness and affordability of used materials

5-Use of several new technologies for multiplying increase of the device efficiency

6-Carrying out all the steps automatically without the need for operator intervention

7-Sterilizing the out of reach surfaces, such as under the tables

8-Ease of use by non-expert user

9-Required by all hospitals due to their high efficiency and wide range of application

10-The ability to sterilize all medical devices and equipment without limitation

11-Reducing health care costs in Health & Medicine sectors due to the reduction of nosocomial infections

12-Usable in the operation room and other units

13-Suitable for the isolation and transplantation units and the infectious unit

14-Reducing the use of chemicals as a result of saving and maintaining human and environmental health

15-Not harmful for poultry and livestock and having a great impact on the prevention of livestock diseases.

16-Performing the entire sterilization process automatically without the presence of user

The drawing figures depict one or more implementations in accord with the present teachings, by way of example only, not by way of limitation. In the figures, like reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements.

Fig.1

is Overview and breakdown of the operation room and surface sterilizer with no sterilant , consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.

Fig.2

is Interior view of the device and location of the UV lamps and photocatalysts , consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.

Fig.3

is Bottom and side view of the device and location of the device's fan and filter and control unit, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.

Fig.4

is Bottom view of the device and location of the device's power supply, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.

Fig.5

is Diagram of the different stages of the device's operation, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth by way of examples in order to provide a thorough understanding of the relevant teachings. However, it should be apparent that the present teachings may be practiced without such details. In other instances, well known methods, procedures, components, and/or circuitry have been described at a relatively high-level, without detail, in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring aspects of the present teachings.

The following detailed description is presented to enable a person skilled in the art to make and use the methods and devices disclosed in exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. For purposes of explanation, specific nomenclature is set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the present disclosure. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that these specific details are not required to practice the disclosed exemplary embodiments. Descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments are provided only as representative examples. Various modifications to the exemplary implementations will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other implementations and applications without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. The present disclosure is not intended to be limited to the implementations shown, but is to be accorded the widest possible scope consistent with the principles and features disclosed herein.

For purposes of reference, it should be understood that the techniques and systems disclosed herein are applicable to coupled motion in a wrist; however, the techniques and systems may be adapted to a number of other application.

Referring to FIG. 1, according to an exemplary embodiment, Rear cover of equipment case 1 , Right cover of equipment case 2 , Left cover of equipment case 3 , Cover attachment point to ground base 4 , Ground base of equipment case 5 , Attachment point of front cover 6 , Air enterance panel 7 , Front cover of equipment case 8 , Air exit hatch 9 , Power cable 10 , Nanosilver solvent tank cap 11 , Nanosilver solvent tank base 12 , Nanosilver solvent tank 13 .

Referring to FIG. 2, according to an exemplary embodiment , UV lamp position hole 14 , High voltage plasma electrode (coated) 15 , High voltage plasma electrode(upper edge) 16 , Catalyst filter holder(upper side) 17 ,Catalyst filter holder 18 ,

Power switch

19 ,

Power switch base

20 , Catalyst filter holder down part 21 , Catalyst filter holder base 22 , UV lamp position hole 23 , Second high voltage plasma electrode (coated) 24 , High voltage plasma electrode attachment pin 25 , High voltage plasma electrode attachment arm 26 ,

Catalyst filter plates

27 .

Referring to FIG. 3, according to an exemplary embodiment, UV lamp electric plug 28 , UV lamp bulb 29 , PLC control base 30 , PLC control unit touch LCD 31 , PLC control unit 32 , PLC control unit auxilary port 33 , PLC control unit USB data transfer port 34, Electric air fan shaft 35 , Electric air fan 36 , Electric air fan vane 37 , Air fan electric motor 38 , Electric air fan base 39 , Titanium dioxide coating on Catalyst filter plates 40 .

Referring to FIG. 4, according to an exemplary embodiment, PLC control unit USB printer port 41 , Power supply for UV lamp and fan motor 42 , High voltage power supply for plasma electrode 43 , Base of high voltage power supply 44 , Power supply coil 45 .

While the foregoing has described what are considered to be the best mode and/or other examples, it is understood that various modifications may be made therein and that the subject matter disclosed herein may be implemented in various forms and examples, and that the teachings may be applied in numerous applications, only some of which have been described herein. It is intended by the following claims to claim any and all applications, modifications and variations that fall within the true scope of the present teachings.

Unless otherwise stated, all measurements, values, ratings, positions, magnitudes, sizes, and other specifications that are set forth in this specification, including in the claims that follow, are approximate, not exact. They are intended to have a reasonable range that is consistent with the functions to which they relate and with what is customary in the art to which they pertain.

The scope of protection is limited solely by the claims that now follow. That scope is intended and should be interpreted to be as broad as is consistent with the ordinary meaning of the language that is used in the claims when interpreted in light of this specification and the prosecution history that follows and to encompass all structural and functional equivalents. Notwithstanding, none of the claims are intended to embrace subject matter that fails to satisfy the requirement of Sections 202, 204, or 206 of the Patent Act, nor should they be interpreted in such a way. Any unintended embracement of such subject matter is hereby disclaimed.

Except as stated immediately above, nothing that has been stated or illustrated is intended or should be interpreted to cause a dedication of any component, step, feature, object, benefit, advantage, or equivalent to the public, regardless of whether it is or is not recited in the claims.

It will be understood that the terms and expressions used herein have the ordinary meaning as is accorded to such terms and expressions with respect to their corresponding respective areas of inquiry and study, except where specific meanings have otherwise been set forth herein. Relational terms such as “first” and “second” and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. The terms “comprises,” “comprising,” or any other variation thereof, as used herein and in the appended claims are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, encompassing a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements that does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed to such process, method, article, or apparatus. An element proceeded by “a” or “an” does not, without further constraints, preclude the existence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.

The Abstract of the Disclosure is provided to allow the reader to quickly ascertain the nature of the technical disclosure. It is not intended to be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims. In addition, in the foregoing Detailed Description, it can be seen that various features are grouped together in various implementations. Such grouping is for purposes of streamlining this disclosure, and is not to be interpreted as reflecting an intention that the claimed implementations require more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, inventive subject matter lies in less than all features of a single disclosed implementation. Thus, the following claims are hereby incorporated into this Detailed Description, with each claim standing on its own as a separately claimed subject matter.

While various implementations have been described, the description is intended to be exemplary, rather than limiting and it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that many more implementations are possible that are within the scope of the implementations. Although many possible combinations of features are shown in the accompanying figures and discussed in this detailed description, many other combinations of the disclosed features are possible. Any feature of any implementation may be used in combination with or substituted for any other feature or element in any other implementation unless specifically restricted. Therefore, it will be understood that any of the features shown and/or discussed in the present disclosure may be implemented together in any suitable combination. Accordingly, the implementations are not to be restricted except in light of the attached claims and their equivalents. Also, various modifications and changes may be made within the scope of the attached claims.

All therapeutic, medical and hospital centers can use the device to sterilize all hospitalization wards of the hospital operating room. To use and operate the device, there is no need to an expert user. The device can also be used for clinics and physicians' offices.

This device can replace current methods of sterilizing air and surfaces in the following places: Livestock and poultry storage site for the prevention of infectious diseases, central air conditioning system for buildings and halls, pathology laboratories and manufacturers of medicines, hospital CSR department for preventing the transmission of infections to other units, ideal for infection, burns and isolation wards, where patients are more likely to develop infections .

Claims

The operation room and surface sterilizer with no sterilant, during the operation and without the need to leave room by the personnel, sterilizes ambient air and all surfaces and walls without the use of chemicals and radiation, and considerably reduces the number of microorganisms and consists of UV lamps, a cool plasma electrode, an air inlet and outlet valve, a catalyst unit and a some filters.
According to Claim 1, the device is used to reduce the number of microorganisms and environment sterilizer using technologies of photocatalysts, cold plasma, UV photolysis, nano-silver sterilization and photochemical oxidation to produce free radicals and ions, such as hydroxyl, and increase the number and synergy of their kinetic energy and use of photocatalyst and plasma technologies and nano-silver solutions without limitation of application.
According to Claim 2, the sterilizing agent of the main device is the hydroxyl particles produced by photocatalytic technology.
According to Claims 2 and 3, ultraviolet radiation generates hydroxyl particles by encountering a plate containing photocatalytic material.
According to Claim 4, a continuous light bulb or a pulsed light bulb is used to generate a beam of ultraviolet.
According to Claim 4, the plate containing photocatalytic material includes a large number of plates made of steel or iron, which are completely covered with titanium dioxide, zinc dioxide, copper dioxide or iron oxide.
According to Claim 6, the titanium dioxide based photocatalytic material is in Nano form called rutile and anatase, and is a combination of the two.
According to Claim 6, to cover and stabilize the catalyst retainer plates with catalyst powder, the sol-gel method, as well as the combination with a water-based base resin and spraying by an electrostatic or immersion apparatus, is used in a uniform solution of powder resin.
According to Claims 2 and 3, a cold plasma generator has been used for the destruction of microorganisms and air conditioning, as well as the strengthening of hydroxyl particles.
According to Claim 9, two electrodes made of hardened steel with direct and high voltage have been used for the production of cold plasma.
According to Claim 9, for sterilizing air and strengthening hydroxyl, the air enters the plasma chamber after passing through the photo catalyst enclosure.
According to Claims 1 and 2, the vapor of Nano silver solution is also used in the device for the sterilization of the surfaces and the environment.
According to Claim 12, a spray component is used for the entry of a Nano silver solution into the system and dispersion in the air, which turns the solution into a very fine particles.
According to Claim 13, for air circulation and throwing particles of hydroxyl and silver into the environment, a powerful cylinder fan is used.