RU2438057C1 - Variator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: variator consists of driving and driven shafts, of mechanism of conversion of driving shaft rotation into vibrations of pulsator and of device for control of amplitude. A free-running coupling is installed between the pulsator and the driven shaft of the variator. The mechanism of conversion of rotation of the variator driving shaft into vibrations of the pulsator is made in form of a cardan shaft of asynchronous cardan gear changing value of sharp bend of its pivots with a device controlling amplitude of the pulsator. An inlet pivot of the cardan shaft is connected with the driving shaft of the variator. An outlet pivot of the cardan shaft corresponds to the pulsator and is coupled with the driven shaft of the variator through the free running coupling.

EFFECT: simplification of design of variator.

4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices for driving machines, in particular agricultural machines.

Known devices of variators and their disadvantages, for example, according to [1], [2] and others.

A known variator containing the driving and driven shafts, a mechanism for converting the rotation of the driving shaft into oscillations of the pulsator, a device for controlling the amplitude of these vibrations and a freewheel installed between the pulsator and the driven shaft of the variator, for example, according to [1] p. 34, Fig. 29 - prototype.

Its disadvantage is the increased complexity of the mechanism for converting the movement of the drive shaft into pulsator oscillations and the increased complexity of the device for controlling the range of pulsator oscillations.

The technical result is a simplification of the design of the variator.

The essence of the invention is that a variator containing drive and driven shafts, a mechanism for converting the rotation of the drive shaft to oscillations of the pulsator, a device for controlling the magnitude of these vibrations and a freewheel installed between the pulsator and the driven shaft of the variator, according to the invention, a mechanism for converting rotation of the drive shaft of the variator in the oscillations of the pulsator is made in the form of a cardan shaft of an asynchronous cardan gear installed with the ability to change the value of the angle of fracture of its hinges the oscillation range of the pulsator, and the input hinge of the driveshaft is connected to the drive shaft of the variator, and the output hinge of the driveshaft is a pulsator and connected to the driven shaft of the variator through a freewheel.

Due to this, the variator is simpler in design than the known ones.

Arranged variator, for example, as follows.

Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a variator for stepless changes in the frequency of rotation of the driven shaft in the range from the minimum necessary to the maximum enough.

Figure 2 shows a section along aa in figure 1.

Figure 3 shows graphs of the ratio of the maximum angular velocity of the output link of the asynchronous universal joint to the angular velocity of its input shaft, depending on the magnitude of the angle of fracture of its hinges: a solid line for four hinges, a dashed line for two hinges.

Figure 4 shows graphs of the ratio of the instantaneous angular velocities of the output shaft of the asynchronous driveshaft to the angular velocity of its input shaft, depending on the angle of rotation of the input shaft around its axis from the starting position, in which the driving fork of the input hinge of the asynchronous driveshaft is located in the plane of the angle of fracture its hinge: a solid line - with four hinges, a dash-dotted line - with two hinges, a dashed line of the input shaft of the asynchronous driveshaft.

Symbols in figures 1, 2, 3, 4:

1 - frame of the machine (hereinafter frame),

2 - the drive shaft of the variator, on bearings in the housing attached to the frame 1, (hereinafter the shaft),

3 - the driven shaft of the variator, on bearings in a housing attached to the frame 1, (hereinafter the shaft),

4 - flywheel

5 - movable housing with two rods inserted in the guide tubes on the frame 1, (hereinafter referred to as the housing),

6 - telescopic splined shaft mounted on bearings in the housing 5, (hereinafter the shaft),

7 - asynchronous driveshaft, in which the planes of the coaxial forks of the adjacent hinges are mutually perpendicular, and the hinges are preferably made in accordance with RU 2387890 C1 [3], (hereinafter the cardan),

8 - extreme fork (extreme link) of the output hinge cardan 7 mounted on the shaft 3, (hereinafter pulsator),

9 - a mechanism comprising a shaft 2, a flywheel 4, a housing 5, a shaft 6, cardan 7 with a pulsator 8, converting the rotation of the drive shaft of the variator into one-way vibrations of its pulsator (hereinafter the mechanism),

10 - freewheel, whose sprocket is rigidly connected to the pulsar 8, and the clip is made in the form of a flywheel 4, (hereinafter referred to as the MOX);

11 - a hydraulic cylinder, the casing of which is connected to the frame 1, and the rod with the casing 5, (hereinafter the cylinder),

φ is the angle of rotation of the shaft 2 of the cardan 7, around its axis from the starting position, which is taken as the position in the drawing plane of the extreme fork of the input hinge of the cardan 7, (hereinafter the angle φ),

γ is the angle of fracture of the cardan joint 7, (hereinafter the angle γ),

ω ₁ - the angular velocity of the shaft 2 of the variator (hereinafter speed ω ₁ ),

ω ₂ - instantaneous angular velocity of the shaft 6, (hereinafter speed ω ₂ ),

ω ₃ - instantaneous angular velocity of the pulsator 8, (hereinafter speed ω ₃ ),

where: the instantaneous angular velocity of the extreme fork of the output joint of the universal joint 7 is determined by the formula:

a) for one cardan:

b) for two cardans

the angle γ for the ratio of the maximum instantaneous angular velocity ω ₂ , ω ₃ to speed ω ₁ is determined by the formula: a) for one cardan:

b) for two cardans:

Shafts 2 and 3 of the variator are installed on frame 1 in the kinematic chain of the drive, for example, a loading conveyor (for example, in a BM-6 type trailed machine for harvesting sugar beet tops [4], p.120 ... 126, Fig. 63, position 22) with a flywheel 4, and a shaft 6 is installed in the housing 5. These shafts are connected by cardan 7 to the extreme plug of the output hinge - the pulsator 8. In this case, the coaxial forks of the cardan hinges are located in mutually perpendicular planes. Elements of these positions form a mechanism 9 for converting uniform rotation of the variator shaft 2 to the oscillations of its pulsator 8 and the MCX 10 sprocket installed in the kinematic chain of the variator between the pulsator 8 and shaft 3 with the flywheel 4. A cylinder 11 is connected between the frame 1 and the housing 5 and connected to them pivotally, and its cavities are connected by oil pipelines with control channels of a standard tractor hydraulic distributor to which a BM-6 machine is attached.

Work. Let the harvester’s transmission be designed so that in the alignment position of the shafts 2, 3, 6, cardans 7, pulsator 8 (i.e., γ = 0) at the working speed of the top of the harvesting machine and tractor unit, the speed of the loading web conveyor belt is the minimum necessary for the minimum yield of tops (50 ... 100 kg / ha). When the yield of sugar beet tops, for example, is 5 times more than the cylinder 11 move the housing 5. This increases the angle γ. Consequently, the non-uniformity of rotation of the pulsator 8 and the _MCX 10 sprocket connected to it is increased to increase the instantaneous maximum of their speed ω _3max also by 5 times. By means of the Ministry of Agriculture, this instantaneous speed is transformed into the same in size but uniform speed of the shaft 3, which also rotates the drive sprockets 5 times faster. This increases the speed of the conveyor chain belt and its productivity by 5 times. Therefore, when harvesting low-yielding tops, they do not wear out the conveyor belt unnecessarily, they do not overspend fuel with the tractor engine. The conveyor speed is increased to the maximum sufficient only on a high-yielding tops. Thus, when harvesting less productive leaves, they reduce the wear of the chain belt, and already short-lived, they save fuel.

So, it is convenient to integrate the variator described above into the transmission of agricultural machines that are simpler to know by design and adjustment, they establish a rational frequency of rotation of the working bodies depending on the characteristics of the crop, working speed and other factors that reduce fuel consumption and wear of the working bodies.

Information sources:

1. Maltsev V.F. Mechanical impulse transmissions. M., "Engineering", 1978, 367 S.

2. Artobolevsky I.I. and Tishin M.M. Inertial-pulse drive of a screw conveyor. - "Bulletin of mechanical engineering", 1944, No. 9-10, p.10 ... 18.

3. RU 2387890 C1, Published: 04/27/2010. Bull. No. 12. Description of the invention to the patent, 6 C.

4. Machines for beet farming. Ed. A.G. Tsymbala and Yu.I. Kovtun. M., "Engineering", 1976, 368 S.

Claims (1)

A variator comprising a driving and driven shafts, a mechanism for converting the rotation of the drive shaft to oscillations of the pulsator, a device for controlling the amplitude of these vibrations and a freewheel installed between the pulsator and the driven shaft of the variator, characterized in that the mechanism for converting the rotation of the drive shaft of the variator to the oscillations of the pulsator is made in the form of a cardan shaft of an asynchronous cardan drive installed with the ability to change the value of the angle of fracture of its hinges by a device for controlling the amplitude of the pulse fluctuations torus, and the input hinge of the driveshaft is connected to the drive shaft of the variator, and the output hinge of the driveshaft is a pulsator and connected to the driven shaft of the variator through a freewheel.

Images