RU2437279C1 - Complete milk pasteurisation-refrigeration plant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the sphere of agriculture. The proposed milk pasteurisation-refrigeration plant comprises a heat-insulated rectangular milk reservoir 1 with a motor-reducer 3, a mixer 4, a thermal sensor of milk 11, a slot evaporator 2, installed in four sides, and a slot water jacket 10 in the bottom, a water heating tank 14 with thermal electric heaters, two electric pumps, a discharge 16 and a drainage 17 electromagnetic heating valves, a compressor-condenser set 6 with the first solenoid valve 9, a heat-insulated water refrigerating reservoir 21 with a slot evaporator 22 in the bottom and sides, a motor reducer 25, a mixer 26, a thermal sensor of water 27, the second solenoid valve 28. The second electric pump 29 is made with a discharge 30 and drainage 31 electromagnetic valves of cooling. The water refrigerating reservoir 21 via the second electric pump 29 and the discharge 30 and drainage 31 electromagnetic valves of cooling is connected by pipelines 32 with a slot water jacket 10 of the milk reservoir 1 bottom. The compressor - condenser unit 6 via the second solenoid valve 28 is connected by pipelines to a slot evaporator 22 in the bottom and sides of the water refrigerating reservoir 21, and via the first solenoid valve 9 - with the slot evaporator 2 of four sides. The outlet of the thermal sensor of milk 11 is electrically connected to the second electric pump 29, the discharge 30 and drainage 31 electromagnetic valves of cooling, the first electric pump 15, the discharge 16 and drainage 17 electromagnetic valves of heating, the first solenoid valve 9. The outlet of the thermal sensor of water 27 is electrically connected to the second solenoid valve 28. The water heating tank 14 by pipelines 18 is serially connected to the slot water jacket 10 via the first electric pump 15, the discharge 16 and drainage 17 electromagnetic valves of heating.

EFFECT: invention provides for reduced time of milk processing, lower water consumption, higher coefficient of compressor-condenser unit usage.

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Description

The invention is applied in agriculture and is intended for the daily collection of 1000 ... 3000 liters of milk from individual farms (IFC), its subsequent pasteurization, cooling and shipment of cans to catering points, or packaging for a retail network. It is installed in village milk collection points, it is mainly used in combination with packaging machines to sell packages of pasteurized milk through a retail chain, which allows you to double and triple the IFC's proceeds from dairy and livestock farming.

Known dairy pasteurization-chill installations according to applications for the invention No. 2011919626 and No. 2009117594 [1, 2], and also according to the patent No. 2388217 of January 23, 2009 [3], intended for pasteurization (heating to 76 ° C) and subsequent cooling of milk before shipment by consumers or before packaging.

They contain a thermally insulated rectangular tank with a slit evaporator built into the bottom [2] or sides [1], a geared motor with an agitator on the top cover (traverse), a condensing unit connected by discharge and suction pipelines with an inlet (injector) and an outlet (collector) slotted evaporator. After cooling, pasteurized liquid freon is injected into the injector after cooling, evaporated is sucked from the collector, which cools the milk from 34 to 4 ° С.

Milk is heated from a water tank with heating elements through a slotted water jacket integrated respectively in the bottom [1] or sidewalls [2], or directly through disk heating elements pressed against the sidewalls [3]. Since cooling of pasteurized milk with a temperature of + 76 ° С with a slit evaporator due to boiling of freon is impossible, due to a critical increase in boiling pressure up to 35 atm, then pasteurized milk is pre-cooled to 34 ° С due to the circulation of tap (artesian) water through the slotted water jacket [1, 2] or through an immersion coil heater-cooler [3].

Their common drawback [1, 2, 3] is circulating water or artesian pre-cooling, requiring large volumes of cold water discharged into the sewer, with a ratio of volumes to milk of at least 1: 1.

On the other hand, thermally insulated pasteurization baths of 1000 L of milk G2-OPB-1000 are known, described on the website www.deltamol.ru [4]. They contain a geared motor with a stirrer, a sealed annular cavity around a vertical cylindrical bath with milk, into which hot steam of 95 ° C with a flow rate of 150 kg and then ice water + 2 ° C with a flow rate of 5 cubic meters are fed for an hour and a half. in hour. Flows are regulated by complex electric pneumatic and hydraulic automation, such energy and cold supply is available only at large and medium-sized dairies and cannot be used in the conditions of the Russian countryside. OGU-2.5 domestic universal plate pasteurization and cooling units with a productivity of 2500 l / h are also known, described on the site www.protex.ru [5], and German installations for full milk pasteurization with a capacity of 5000 l / h, described at www.trubatec.org . [6] They heat the milk with hot steam through plate heat exchangers, and then cool the pasteurized milk with ice water through the same multi-section plate heat exchangers. The exposure time of the milk flow during heating to 78 ° C is 25 s, then cooling to 4 ° C. The plants contain a complex integrated control system, hydropneumatics, a lot of milk pumps, flow meters, additional heat exchangers, electromagnetic pneumatic and hydraulic valves, programmable industrial controllers.

They have increased productivity, power in terms of steam and ice water consumption, large weight and size characteristics and high price, which is available to large dairy farms, but makes their use directly in villages unacceptable.

Also known are pasteurization dairy workshops KOLAKS-1001, per 1000 liters per day, described on the site www.colaxm.ru [7], containing a vertical cylindrical bath of long pasteurization per 500 liters of milk ⌀800 mm, N 1000 mm with an annular tight cavity around the inside a tank for supplying steam or hot water, as well as a tank - an electric water heater of 120 l with a capacity of 25 kW for heating. In addition, the workshop contains a plate cooler with a water consumption of 3 m ³ per shift at a temperature of not more than 6 ° C for cooling with artesian or ice water. The warm-up (pasteurization) time of 500 liters of milk is about 4 hours.

The disadvantage of the KOLAKS-1001 equipment is the small heat exchange area with partial filling of the tank, which slows down the process of long-term pasteurization of milk when filling up to 50%. In fact, the process uses three heat transfer tanks: a long pasteurization tank, a water tank and a plate cooler, as well as one storage tank of the finished product per 1000 l of milk, which complicates electro-pneumatic automation, reduces efficiency, increases overall dimensions and cost, while all tanks need thermal insulation to reduce the loss of cold and heat.

In addition, a decrease in the temperature of cooling water (not more than 6 ° C), due to the need to cool the outlet temperature of pasteurized milk, involves an external refrigerator or artesian water, which imposes additional problems when installed in unequipped places. The consumption of cold (ice) water will also be increased (three times) with a gradual bringing of milk to the required temperature of + 4 ° C, taking into account 3 cubic meters per 1000 liters of product due to a decrease in heat pressure (temperature difference) between milk and cooling water at the end of the process. Periodic maintenance (flushing) of the plate cooler is also complicated by the need to monthly remove milk stone and fat associated with the passage of large volumes of milk through the cavity of the plate heat exchanger, which requires frequent mechanical disassembly of the plates and cleaning. In arid regions, drilling an artesian well is not always possible, and it costs at least 1 million rubles.

The closest known in technical essence to the alleged invention (prototype) is a milk pasteurization-refrigeration unit according to the application for the invention No. 2011919626 from 05.17.2010.

It contains a thermally insulated tank with a gear motor, a stirrer, a milk temperature sensor, a slit evaporator in four sides and a water jacket in the bottom, as well as a water heating tank (VNB) with heating elements, an electric pump, pressure and drain solenoid heating valves, and a condensing unit (KKA) ) with a solenoid valve, pipelines connected to the slotted evaporator of the sidewalls. Pasteurized heating of milk is carried out using an electric pump by circulating water from the WSS through a slotted water jacket, and pre-cooling of pasteurized milk from 76 to 34 ° C (at the time of connecting freon cooling from the CCA) is carried out due to tap (artesian) water spilled through the slotted water jacket down the drain.

The main disadvantage of the prototype is the dependence of its functioning on the availability of artesian water supply and sewerage with a ratio of pumped water to processed milk, as 1.5 ÷ 1 or 2 ÷ 1.

There is not always an artesian well and sewerage at the dairy location, and the water tower is at a considerable distance, and the water supply has limited conditional passages (not more than% of an inch), while for quick pre-cooling of pasteurized milk it is necessary to have at least an inch.

Drilling an artesian well (100 m) costs at least 1 million rubles, which is commensurate with the cost of all milk processing equipment.

The aim of the invention is the implementation of an autonomous full-set dairy pasteurization-refrigeration unit, independent of the presence or absence of a powerful water supply or artesian well, as well as sewage.

To this end, in a complete milk pasteurization and refrigeration unit containing a thermally insulated milk tank (MP) with a gear motor, stirrer, milk temperature sensor, slotted evaporator in four sides and a slotted water jacket in the bottom, as well as a water tank with heating elements, the first electric pump, pressure and drain solenoid valves for heating and a condensing unit with a first solenoid valve, and the water heating tank through the first electric pump and pressure and drain electro the heating magnetic valves are connected by pipelines to the slotted water jacket of the bottom, and the KKA through the first solenoid valve is connected by pipes to the slotted evaporator of the four side walls, in addition, the output of the milk temperature sensor is electrically connected to the first electric pump, as well as pressure and drain electromagnetic heating valves, according to the invention, a thermally insulated water-cooling tank (BHR) with a slotted evaporator in the bottom and sides, a gear motor, a stirrer, a water temperature sensor, and also in a second solenoid valve and a second electric pump with pressure and drain solenoid valves for cooling, VHR - through a second electric pump and pressure and drain solenoid valves for cooling - by pipelines connected to the slotted water jacket of the bottom of the MP, KKA - through the second solenoid valve - by pipelines connected to the slotted evaporator in the bottom and sides of the water storage tank, and the milk temperature sensor is also electrically connected to the second electric pump and to pressure and drain solenoid cooling valves, in addition, the output of modatchika water is electrically connected to the second solenoid valve.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, which shows the electro-hydraulic combined circuit of a complete milk pasteurization-refrigeration unit (PMCPU).

PPHU contains a rectangular thermally insulated milk tank 1 with dimensions 130 × 200 × 85 cm with a slotted evaporator 2 integrated in four sides, a gear motor 3 with a stirrer 4 on the top cover 5. The condensing unit 6 (KKA) 6 includes a compressor 7, air cooling condenser 8, receiver, filter, thermostatic valve (not shown), as well as the first solenoid valve 9. On the bottom of the milk tank (MP) 1 there is a slotted water jacket 10 with dimensions of isosceles triangular slots h = 10 mm - height and a = 6 4 mm - the width of the base. In the lower part of the milk tank there is a milk temperature sensor 11. KKA 6 through the first solenoid valve 9 is connected by pipelines for discharge 12 and suction 13 with slotted evaporator 2 sidewalls located in the lower part of the tank. The slots of the evaporator 2 have a triangular shape with a height of h = 3 mm and a base d = 32 mm.

PFMPU also contains a VNB 14 water heating tank with 9 heating elements. x5 kW at 45 kW, the first electric pump 15, pressure 16 and drain 17 solenoid valves for heating the milk. VNB 14 through the first electric pump 15 and pressure 16, as well as drain 17 solenoid heating valves — by piping 18 is connected in series with the slotted water jacket 10. The output of the milk temperature sensor 11 through the heating-cooling comparator 19 is electrically connected to the first electric pump 15, as well as pressure 16 and drain 17 solenoid heating valves, and in addition - through the comparator 20 "freon cooling" with the first solenoid valve 9.

The PMCP also contains a thermally insulated VHR water-cooling tank 21 with dimensions 1900 × 2000 × 1200 with a slit evaporator in the bottom 22 and sidewalls 23 with a total area of 5.1 m ² . ВХР 21 is filled to the brim with water through the float valve 24. ВХР 21 contains a gear motor 25 with a stirrer 26 and a water temperature sensor 27, as well as a second solenoid valve 28 and a second electric pump 29 with a pressure 30 and drain 31 solenoid cooling valves. Moreover, VHR 21 - through the second electric pump 29 and pressure 30 and drain 31 solenoid cooling valves - is connected by piping 32 to the slotted water jacket of the bottom 10 of the milk tank 1. The output of the milk temperature sensor 11 through the same “heating-cooling” comparator 19 is electrically connected to the inverting input the second electric pump 29 and pressure 30 and drain 31 solenoid valves. Compressor-condensing unit KKA6 - through a second solenoid valve 28 - by means of discharge 33 and suction 34 is connected to a slotted evaporator of the bottom 22 and sides 23 of the water chemistry 21. The output of the water temperature sensor 27 through the comparator 35 is electrically connected to the second solenoid valve 28.

The IHMP works as follows. In the initial state, VNB 14 and VHU 21 are filled with water through float valves, so that the heating elements of VNB 14 and slotted evaporators of VHU have full thermal contact with water. The water temperature in the water chemistry is 2 ° C. After milk is poured into MP 1, PFMU is put into pasteurization mode, as a result of which the heating elements heat water in VNB 14, the first circulation electric pump 15 with pressure 16 and drain 17 solenoid heating valves is turned on. Hot water from VNB 14, circulating through pipelines 18 through a slotted water jacket 10 MP1, heats the milk. Gearmotor 3 with mixer 4 provide good heat removal and uniform heating of the entire volume. After one and a half to two hours, 1200 ... 1700 l is heated to 76 ° C, while the water temperature in VNB 14 does not exceed 90 ° C. For reliable thermal insulation, the top cover 5 of the milk tank 1 is sealed with a silicone elastic cuff. Lactic acid bacteria are already destroyed at + 63 ° C and milk at + 76 ° C is pasteurized in accordance with sanitary standards. The milk temperature sensor 11 through the comparator 19 with a switching threshold of + 76 ° C de-energizes the first electric pump 15 and the pressure 16 and drain 17 solenoid heating valves, simultaneously turns on the second electric pump 29 with electromagnetic solenoid valves 30, 31. Thereby, the flow of hot water through the water jacket of the bottom 10 MP1 is blocked through pipelines 18 and the circulation flow of cold water through the second electric pump 29 is opened by the slotted water jacket of the bottom 10 by electromagnetic cooling valves 30, 31 through pipelines 32. The milk is cooled in MP1. Since water in BHP21 is about 4500 l three times more than milk, then after 45 minutes the milk reaches a temperature of 34 ° C, and the water is heated as a result of heat exchange to 10 ... 12 ° C.

The heat flux from milk in water ВХР21, when the second solenoid valve 28 is turned on, from the water temperature sensor 27 through a comparator 35 set to + 2 ° С, is partially vaporized by the evaporation of the refrigerant from KKA6, which flows in the liquid phase through line 33 to the slotted bottom evaporator 22 and sidewalls 23 ВХР21 and suction in the vapor phase through the pipeline 34. Thus, the increase in water temperature in ВХР21 slows down. The large total area of the ВХР21 slotted evaporator along the bottom 22 and sidewalls 23, as well as the intense heat removal from the geared motor 25 and the mixer 26, ensure complete boiling of the powerful flux flows.

When the milk temperature reaches 34 ° C, the milk temperature sensor 11 through the comparator 20 turns on the solenoid valve 9 and the liquid refrigerant from KKA 6 through the pipeline 12 enters the slotted evaporator of the sidewalls 2 of the milk tank, returning in the form of steam to the KKA through the pipeline 13. Accelerated double cooling begins milk in MP1: from the circulation of cold water through the slotted water jacket 10 and from the circulation of refrigerant through the slotted evaporator of the sidewalls 2. The mixer 14 provides complete heat transfer. When equalizing the temperature of water and milk, controlled by temperature sensors 11 and 27, the operator turns off the second circulation electric pump 29 of cold water, stopping the heat exchange between partially heated water in BHP21 and milk. Further cooling of the milk from + 12 ... + 15 ° С to + 4 ° С (shipping temperature) is carried out only with freon circulating through the slotted evaporator of the sidewalls 2 from KKA 6 through pipelines 12, 13 through the first solenoid valve 9. Upon reaching + 4 ° С (second installation of comparator 20) the solenoid valve 9 is de-energized, blocking the flow of liquid refrigerant and stopping further cooling of the milk. Thus, by heating in 2 hours, then by cooling rapidly in 2 hours, pasteurized milk is prepared for shipment after 4 hours. After the "pasteurization-cooling" cycle is completed, the heated water in the water chemistry 21 when the water solenoid valve 28 is turned on by the water sensor 27 through the comparator 35 (its operating threshold + 2 ° C) continues to cool due to the evaporation of the refrigerant in the slotted evaporator of the bottom 22 and sidewalls 23. After another 2 hours, the water temperature in VHR 21 decreases from 14 to 2 ° C and compressor 7 KKA 6 stops. IHMP prepared for the next cycle.

With a decrease in the volume of pasteurized milk in the tank 1, the total processing time will be reduced, because thermal and cooling power flows remain unchanged. If the level of pasteurized milk in MP 1 is lower than the upper slots of the evaporator 2, then the thermostatic valve (not shown in the drawing), which controls the flow of refrigerant through the solenoid valve 9, will automatically reduce the filling of the slotted evaporator 2 with liquid refrigerant to the milk level, so that liquid does not get on compressor suction 7.

Thus, PFMPU provides a complete autonomous closed cycle of "pasteurization-cooling" of milk without external water supply and sewage.

Water consumption compared to the prototype and analogues is reduced by tens of times. The consumed water is used only for washing the milk tank 1 in volumes up to 150 l per shift after shipment of pasteurized milk. Flushing the milk tank 1 with open locks and raised lids 5, taking into account full access to the internal cavity of the tank 1, does not present any problems compared to plate pasteurizers that require daily assembly-disassembly. Another advantage of the claimed invention is to increase the utilization rate of CAC 6. In the prototype CAC after cooling milk is turned off, and in the present invention it accumulates cold between changes in ice water ВХР21, preparing it for the next processing cycle.

Information sources

1. Milk pasteurization-refrigeration unit according to the application No. 201019626 of 05/17/2010

2. Dairy pasteurization-refrigeration unit according to the application for the invention No. 2009117594 dated 05/08/2009 with the FIPS decision on the grant of patent No. 2009117594/12 dated April 5, 2010

3. Milk pasteurization-refrigeration unit according to the patent RU 2388217 of 01/23/2009

4. Bath pasteurization of milk G2-OPB-1000, website: www.deltamol.ru.

5. Universal plate pasteurization and cooling unit OGU-2.5, website: www.protex.ru.

6. Complete milk pasteurization unit 5000 l / h, website: www.trubatec.org.

7. Pasteurization dairy workshop KOLAKS-1001, website: www.colaxm.ru.

Claims (1)

A complete milk pasteurization and refrigeration unit containing a thermally insulated rectangular milk tank (MP) with a gear motor, stirrer, milk temperature sensor, slotted evaporator in four sides and a slotted water jacket in the bottom, as well as a water tank with heating elements, the first electric pump, pressure head and drain heating electromagnetic valves, and a condensing unit (KKA) with the first solenoid valve, and the water heating tank through the first electric pump and pressure and drain electric solenoid valves for heating by pipelines are connected in series with a slotted water jacket of the bottom, and KKA through the first solenoid valve is connected by pipelines to a slotted evaporator of four sides, in addition, the output of the milk temperature sensor is electrically connected to the first electric pump, as well as pressure and drain electromagnetic heating valves and the first solenoid valve characterized in that a thermally insulated water-cooling tank (BHR) with a slotted evaporator in the bottom and sides, a gear motor, a mesh is introduced into it a water temperature sensor, as well as a second solenoid valve and a second electric pump with pressure and drain solenoid cooling valves, and VHR through a second electric pump and pressure and drain solenoid valves for cooling pipes connected to the slotted water jacket of the bottom of the MP, KKA through a second solenoid valve connected to pipelines a slit evaporator in the bottom and sides of the water storage tank, and the milk thermal sensor is also electrically connected to the second electric pump and to the pressure and drain solenoid valves azhdeniya further output water temperature sensor is electrically connected to the second solenoid valve.