RU148459U1 - PASTERIZATION AND REFRIGERATING UNIT OF BRODSKY - Google Patents

Abstract

A pasteurization and refrigeration unit containing a thermally insulated vertically cylindrical tank with a milk temperature sensor, a gear motor, a stirrer, and a top cover, as well as a sealed second bottom (crankcase) integrated in the bottom with water heating elements, a lower pressure head, an upper drain pipe, and an expansion tank with a level sensor installed in it, and the lower discharge pipe through the tap and throttle washer connected to the water supply system, and the upper drain pipe through the expansion tank with accumulative with a drinker, a slotted evaporator is integrated in the cylinder of the tank, connected to the lower liquid pipe, the pressure sensor and the upper steam pipe of the refrigerant condensing unit (KKA), and the milk temperature sensor is connected to the KKA inlet, characterized in that a temperature sensor is introduced into the crankcase drain water connected through the + 80 ° С comparator and the first magnetic starter with heating elements, and the milk temperature sensor - through the + 34 ° С comparator and the second magnetic starter is connected to the KKA compressor, and through the comparator "+ 4 ° С" and the relay - with the KKA solenoid valve.

Description

The utility model relates to devices for milk processing, designed for heating or pasteurization with subsequent cooling of milk, preparation of cream and dairy products. Brodsky's PCU can be used primarily on small dairy farms with a daily output of 300 l to 2,000 l, as well as food industry enterprises.

A pasteurizer of fluid products is known from the prior art [patent RU 2202894, A23C / 02, A01J 9/04 of 2001.11.15], comprising a vertically cylindrical working chamber, an infrared electric emitter mounted coaxially, an output capacitance communicated with the lower part of the working chamber, a rotator working chamber with electric drive. The disadvantage of this device is its instrument, technological and technical complexity, as well as the high cost due to the many electronic, electromechanical components.

A device for pasteurization and cooling of milk is also known [patent RU 2273141, A23C 3/02 of 2004.07.15], comprising a raw milk reservoir, a regenerative (regenerative) heat exchanger, a heat exchange reservoir, a processed pasteurized milk reservoir, heat and cold accumulators, thermoelectric modules, attached to one side of the heat exchanger plate, pumping units, electronic automatic regulators. The device, although it saves energy due to recovery, but is extremely costly to perform and operate, requires many tanks, large areas and highly qualified staff, which is unrealistic in small dairy farms.

For large dairies with a processing volume of 1,500 l to 20,000 l per day, pasteurization-refrigeration units of milk in a flow rate of 1,000 l / h to 5,000 l / h PMR-02-VT [www.pasterizator.ru/paster5.htm] are used, with an electric boiler or rotary heater, as well as the pasteurization device according to patent RU 2007146478, containing basically a plate recuperative heat exchanger through which counter flows of raw (cold) milk and pasteurized (hot) milk are passed, as well as artesian or tap water with a multiplicity P odukt / refrigerant is 1: 3. The temperature of the chilled product is 4 ... 5 ° C higher than the temperature of the water, i.e. 10 ... 22 ° C.

Such installations must be equipped with an autonomous refrigerated reservoir of raw milk, as well as a receiving refrigerated reservoir of pasteurized milk for packaging at a recommended temperature of + 4 ° C. The plants are energy efficient and save about 50% of the energy due to recovery, however, such a large number of tanks and the technical complexity and cost of implementation make it inappropriate to use expensive PMR-02-VT with two tanks in small dairy farms with a processing volume of up to 1,500 l in shift. Another disadvantage is the difficulty of washing milk regenerative heat exchangers, requiring periodic assembly-disassembly and mechanical cleaning. Another drawback is the required high qualification of operators capable of adjusting and adjusting the heating process, synchronizing three flows: cold water, raw milk and pasteurized milk return flow.

A bath of prolonged pasteurization according to patent RU 2007139028 is also known [2]. It is a vertically cylindrical tank with a temperature sensor, a gear motor, a stirrer and a top cover located inside a thermally insulated, sealed square case - an external tank. Heating, pasteurization, temperature control of the product is provided by built-in heating elements, which are located in the water jacket on the bottom between the outer and inner tanks. Cooling is carried out by circulating water in the jacket or artesian (“ice”) water, which flows through a ball valve with a restriction hole (throttle) to protect the jacket from collapse. The entire filled surface of the inner tank participates in heat transfer: a round bottom and a cylindrical part. The water jacket is filled to the upper level of the overflow pipe, located inside the sealed square case, and connected to the sewer.

The disadvantage of the analogue is the excessive amount of water in the shirt, located between the square outer and cylindrical inner tanks, proportionate and even exceeding the volume of the product at nominal, and even more so, partial filling. This reduces the efficiency to 50% and even 30% and increases the energy consumption by several times. Another disadvantage is the possibility of crushing the inner cylinder and "squeezing out" the bottom when the sewage is clogged. The shirt withstands pressure no more than P = 0.5 atm, because large contact areas S ₁ + S ₂ = 3.5 m ² lead to a huge total crushing force F = 0.5 * 3.5 * 10 ⁴ kg = 17.5 t, and when the sewage becomes clogged, the pressure will increase 10 times. Another drawback of this analogue, as well as analogues [3, 4], is the limitation of the minimum temperature of milk cooled after pasteurization at 10 ... 22 ° C, taking into account the heat pressure (4 ° C), respectively, for artesian water (+ 6 ° C) or tap water (+ 18 ° C). Therefore, for cooling to + 4 ° C according to SANPIN, another milk cooler tank is required. The consumption of stainless steel in the prototype, which actually contains 3 layers: inner, outer and lining also has an excess. Of the known closest in technical essence to the claimed utility model (prototype) is a vertically cylindrical pasteurization-refrigeration unit (PCU) according to patent RU 117267 [1].

It contains a thermally insulated vertically cylindrical tank with a milk temperature sensor, a gear motor, a stirrer and a top cover, as well as a sealed second bottom (crankcase) integrated in the bottom with water heating elements, a lower pressure head, an upper drain pipe and an expansion tank, with it installed a float level sensor, and the lower discharge pipe through the tap and throttle washer connected to the water supply, and the upper drain pipe - through the expansion tank - can be connected to the accumulative drinker, and, in addition, a slotted evaporator is connected to the cylinder of the tank and is connected to the lower liquid pipe, the pressure sensor and the upper steam pipe of the refrigerant condensing unit (CCA), and the milk temperature sensor is connected to the input of the CCA.

PCU [1] allows you to automatically cool the evening milking to + 4 ° C in a single tank, saving it until the morning, then supplement the PCU with fresh milk of the morning milking and pasteurize (heat) the entire volume to a milk temperature of 76 ° C. Next, pre-cool the milk with running water, poured through the crankcase, to + 22 ° C and cool it to + 4 ° C with HFC refrigerant through a slotted evaporator in the lower part of the tank cylinder.

The main disadvantage of the prototype is the increased (double) power consumption due to the need to cool the evening milking from 32 ° C to 4 ° C for night-time storage of milk, then heat from 20 ° C to 76 ° C after adding the morning milking to full volume.

The purpose of this utility model is to eliminate the disadvantages inherent in the prototype and analogues, as well as a significant reduction in energy consumption (by half), accelerating the process of “pasteurization-cooling” of milk, simplifying the work of operators when processing it directly on the farm, reducing labor costs and working time.

The technical result is the ability to accumulate and pasteurize evening milking milk in automatic mode immediately by the time of its completion, save the pasteurized milk + 76 ... 78 ° C until the morning milking, supplement the reservoir with morning milking and automatically receive pasteurized milk at its end. Next, the operator can only cool the milk with water, then with freon to + 4 ° C in no more than 2.5 hours.

The claimed technical result (the essence of the utility model) is achieved by the fact that in PCBs containing a thermally insulated vertically cylindrical tank with a milk temperature sensor, a gear motor, a stirrer and a top cover, as well as a sealed second bottom (crankcase) with water heating elements integrated in the bottom, a lower pressure head, an upper drain pipe and an expansion tank, with a float level sensor installed in it, the lower pressure pipe being connected to the water supply through a tap and a throttle washer, and the upper drain pipe nozzle — through an expansion tank — with an accumulative drinker, a slotted evaporator is connected to the cylinder of the tank; it is connected to the lower liquid pipe, the pressure sensor and the upper steam pipe of the refrigerant condensing unit (CCA), and the milk temperature sensor is connected to the input of the CCA, according to the CASE MODELS, a water temperature sensor connected through a “+ 80 ° C” comparator and the first magnetic starter with heating elements was introduced into the crankcase drain pipe, and a milk temperature sensor through a “+ 34 ° C” comparator and W swarm magnetic starter - CSA connected to the compressor, as well as - through a comparator "+ 4 ° C» - a solenoid valve CAC.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by the drawing, which shows a schematic of an electro-hydraulic combined circuit (Fig. 1).

Brodsky’s PCU contains a thermally insulated vertically cylindrical tank 1 with a milk temperature sensor 2, a gear motor 3, an agitator 4, an upper cover 5 that hinges on the piano loop, and a sealed second bottom (crankcase) 7 with water heating elements 8, lower pressure head 9 and upper discharge pipe 10, and an expansion tank 11, and the lower pressure pipe through the valve 12 and the throttle washer 13 is connected to the water supply 14. In the expansion tank 11 is installed float level sensor (not shown in Fig. 1) to protect the fuel cell s 8 from the work "dry". In addition, in the cylinder of the tank 1 at the bottom there is a slotted evaporator 15 connected to the lower liquid 16 and the upper steam 17 pipelines of the HFC 18 refrigerant.

In the drain pipe 10 of the crankcase there is a water temperature sensor 19 connected through a “+ 80 ° C” comparator 20 and a first magnetic starter 21 with heating elements 8. A milk temperature sensor 2 through a “+ 34 ° C” 22 comparator and a second magnetic starter 23 is connected to compressor KKA 18, as well as through a comparator "+ 4 ° C" 24 and relay 25 with a solenoid valve 26 KKA 18.

Brodsky's PHU operates as follows. At the beginning of the evening milking, they include PCBs in the heating (pasteurization) mode. The power of the heating elements 8 is selected proportionally to the volume of the tank: 15 kW per 500 l, 30 kW per 1000 l, 60 kW per 2000 l. For example, for PCB 1000 with an evening milking volume of m = 500 l, 6 heating elements with a capacity of 5 kW each, Ν = 30 kW are able to heat fresh milk from 36 ° C to 76 ° C at T = 40 ° C for a time t = m * s * T / N = 500 * 3.95 * 40/30 = 2633c, i.e. in 44 minutes, where c = 3.95 kJ / kg * deg - the heat capacity of milk. By the end of the milking, which takes about 1.5 ... 2 hours, the milk will already be pasteurized. Here it is necessary to add time for heating 120 l of water in the crankcase from 10 ° C to 80 ° C, T = 70 ° C, t = 120 * 4.2 * 70/30 = 1176c = 20min, remaining from the previous processing cycle. Thus, by the time the evening milking is completed, the milk is automatically pasteurized, being heated through the bottom of the tank to 76 ° C. The mixer 4 through the gear motor 3 promotes heat transfer. The water temperature sensor 19 through the “80 ° C” comparator 20 and the magnetic starter 21 de-energizes the heating elements 8 when the crankcase is heated to 80 ° C and connects the heating elements to a three-phase network when the temperature drops to 78 ° C as a result of heat exchange through the bottom. Throughout the night, the milk maintains a temperature of + 76 ° C ... 77 ° C, practically without energy consumption due to the reliable thermal insulation of the tank 1 and the locks closed 5. The lactic acid bacteria and E. coli cannot withstand the temperature of 63 ° C, and even more so they are destroyed at 76 ° C.

After the first servings of fresh milk + 36 ° C of the morning milking arrive in Brodsky's oven, the heating elements 8 are automatically switched on through the temperature sensor 19, the comparator 20 and the magnetic starter 21. A process of continuous pasteurization of the entire milk volume takes place. The time required to heat 500 liters of fresh milk at 40 ° C in the morning milking from 36 ° C to 76 ° C also does not exceed the mentioned 44 minutes.

Thus, after 1.5 ... 2 hours by the time the morning milking is completed, the daily milk yield is pasteurized. It should be noted that the desired pasteurization temperature within 80 ° C ... 90 ° C can be reprogrammed on the ID961 microcontroller with digital indication of the temperature of the water in the crankcase from the sensor 19, in which the comparator 20 thermostat function is implemented.

The water temperature in the upper hottest layers of the crankcase on the sensor 19, in the heating mode will always exceed by 3 ... 4 ° C the temperature of the milk on the sensor 2, due to the limited heat exchange area through the bottom.

After completing the morning milking with the daily volume of pasteurized milk 1000 l, 76 ° C, the operator switches the PCB to the “cooling” mode (the heating elements are de-energized) and opens the faucet 12. Water flow + 12 ... + 18 ° C, or artesian + 6 ... 10 ° C of water, limited by a throttle washer 13 Ф6 ... 12 mm at the level of 1000 ... 2000 l / h displaces hot water 80 ° C from the crankcase through the upper pipe 10 and expansion tank 11 into the automatic drinkers 14 for technical needs. After the passage of 1000 l of water, heated from pasteurized milk with a working stirrer 4 for 1 hour, it accumulates in a water tank with an average temperature of 40 ... 45 ° C. The next portion of water 500 ... 700 l, heated through the bottom from partially chilled milk, to a temperature of 15 ... 20 ° C, also enters the automatic drinker 14. When the temperature of the milk in the tank drops to 34 ° C from the sensor 2 through the comparator 22 and the magnetic starter 23 the hermetic compressor KKA 18 is turned on and the parallel water-chladone cooling of the milk begins through the bottom housing with water and through the slit evaporator 15 with boiling refrigerant. The “+ 34 ° C” 22 and “+ 4 ° C” 24 comparators are implemented on the ID974 two-component microcontroller. The comparator 22 through the magnetic starter 23 automatically turns on the compressor KKA 18. The operator monitors the temperature of the milk from the sensor 2 and water from the sensor 19 on the digital displays of microcontrollers ID974, ID961 (Fig. 1 not shown). When approaching (equalizing) the temperatures of milk and water (for water supply - about 15 ... 16 ° C, for an artesian well - about 11 ... 12 ° C), the operator closes the tap 12, because further spilling of water will prevent milk from cooling to 4 ° C. Usually this takes about 1.5 hours from the start of cooling. Further cooling of the milk is carried out by boiling the R404 freon in a slit evaporator 15. When the temperature reaches + 4 ° C, the sensor 2 through the comparator 24 and the relay 25 de-energizes the KKA 18 solenoid valve 26, which shuts off the flow of the R404 liquid refrigerant through the pipe 16. The KKA 18 compressor continues rotation and pumping out the remnants of vapor-liquid freon ("drying the evaporator" 15). When lowering the suction pressure on the pipe 17 to 1 atm, the pressure sensor (not shown in Fig. 1) through the magnetic starter 23 turns off the compressor KKA 18. The evaporator 15 is "drained". Milk is pasteurized and cooled to + 4 ° C.

"Draining" of the evaporator 15 allows you to rinse the tank 1 with hot water after shipment and prepare for the next pasteurization cycle. Otherwise, the remains of the R404 liquid refrigerant in the evaporator 15 could boil and, at a washing temperature of 60 ... 70 ° C, develop a pressure above 30 ... 35 atm, which could destroy the evaporator 15, pipe 17 or compressor KKA 18.

Thus, after 1.5 ... 2 hours after morning milking, we have a full tank of 1 pasteurized milk cooled to 4 ° C pasteurized to 76 ° C, as well as a double volume of warm water + 30 ... + 45 ° C.

At the same time, half the energy was consumed than that of the prototype [1], in which the evening milk is cooled to + 4 ° C, then it is first cooled, then the entire volume of milk after morning milk is heated to 76 ° C and, finally, its parallel cooling water, then freon to 4 ° C. The operator’s working time is also several times longer. The prototype’s only milk temperature sensor (without a crankcase water temperature sensor) does not allow to accurately determine when the tap is shut off when the temperature of milk and water is equal in parallel water-chladon cooling mode to optimize energy consumption in cooling mode, because artesian water is a free source of cold, and freon in a slit evaporator is increased in proportion to kW hours.

Brodsky's PCU has even greater advantages in the energy sector over analogues with a square design of a water jacket [2, 3, 4]. Preservation of evening milking milk until morning at a temperature of 76 ° C for 12 hours significantly more reliably destroys the entire microflora compared to regenerative counterparts in the stream [4, 5, 6], which heat milk from 4 ° C to 76 ° C in 16 ... 30 s curing agent and cooling it again to 20 ... 4 ° C in a plate heat exchanger, because From microbiological studies it is known that the destruction of bacteria in milk is proportional to the time of thermal exposure above 63 ° C.

Sources of information :

1. Vertical cylindrical pasteurization-refrigeration unit. Patent RU 117267 of 02/03/2012

2. Bath long pasteurization. Patent RU 2007139028

3. Pasteurizer fluid products. Patent RU 2202894, A23C 3/02, A01J 9/04 dated 2001.11.15

4. A device for pasteurization and cooling of milk. Patent RU 2273141, A23C 3/02 from 2004.07.15

5. Pasteurizer PMR-02-VT. http://www.pasterizator.ru/paster5.htm

6. Pasteurization device RU 2007146478

Claims (1)

A pasteurization and refrigeration unit containing a thermally insulated vertically cylindrical tank with a milk temperature sensor, a gear motor, a stirrer, and a top cover, as well as a sealed second bottom (crankcase) integrated in the bottom with water heating elements, a lower pressure head, an upper drain pipe, and an expansion tank with a level sensor installed in it, and the lower discharge pipe through the tap and throttle washer connected to the water supply system, and the upper drain pipe through the expansion tank with accumulative with a drinker, a slotted evaporator is integrated in the cylinder of the tank, connected to the lower liquid pipe, the pressure sensor and the upper steam pipe of the refrigerant condensing unit (KKA), and the milk temperature sensor is connected to the KKA inlet, characterized in that a temperature sensor is introduced into the crankcase drain water connected through the + 80 ° С comparator and the first magnetic starter with heating elements, and the milk temperature sensor - through the + 34 ° С comparator and the second magnetic starter is connected to the KKA compressor, and through the comparator "+ 4 ° С" and the relay - with the KKA solenoid valve.

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