RU2434749C2 - Method of producing articles from fiber composite material and shaped component from said material with cross varying over its length - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: set of inventions relates to method of producing an article consisting of fiber composite material and to shaped component made from said material that features cross section varying over its length Proposed method comprises producing at least one substrate film and applying on said substrate the main material that represents pre-impregnated fiber semiproduct and auxiliary material to obtain billet for forming. Note here that said main material is located on at least one portion of said billet and auxiliary material is located on least one section of said billet. Two sections of said billet are bonded together by compaction so that at least one substrate is located on article billet surface. Thereafter, at least one substrate and auxiliary material are removed from said billet to obtain the article. Note here that the main and auxiliary material applied feature thickness that provides for constant thickness of billet for forming.

EFFECT: possibility to produce shaped component made from said material that features cross section varying over its length.

22 cl, 38 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a product from a fiber composite material and to a corresponding device with which, in particular, it is possible to implement the method according to the invention.

Although the present invention is described in the following text in view of the problem related to the manufacture of aircraft supporting structures, it is not limited thereto, and generally relates to the manufacture of products from a fiber composite material, in particular elongated products.

State of the art

Fiber composites have proven their suitability for aircraft manufacturing due to their high tensile strength and low dead weight. In addition to flat elements, such as elements of external cladding, elongated elements, for example, the so-called stringers, are made of fiber composite materials. Stringers with a constant cross-section can be made by a method carried out in the form of a continuous production process.

The aircraft needs stringers with a variable cross-section. This requires various tools that allow you to get a wide range of stringers of various shapes. Moreover, we need stringers whose profile varies in length. Until now, this problem has been solved by manually sticking separate additional layers of composite material onto stringers with a constant cross section. This method is very complicated and allows you to get stringers only medium quality.

Disclosure of invention

In view of the foregoing, one of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a manufacturing method, as well as a device, allowing to obtain products from fiber composite material, the cross section of which varies over a wide range and which can preferably be made using one tool. The manufacturing process is preferably carried out as a continuous production process.

According to the invention, this result is achieved using a method with the characteristics of paragraph 1 of the claims, which includes the following steps:

(a) providing at least one substrate;

(b) applying the main material, which is a pre-impregnated fiber prefabricated product, and auxiliary material on at least one substrate to obtain at least two sections of the preform for molding, so that at least one of the sections of the preform for molding, the main material is located, and at least one of the sections of the blank for molding contains auxiliary material;

(c) interconnecting by pressing at least two sections of the preform for molding to obtain a preform of the product with the location of at least one substrate on the surface of the preform of the product; and

(a) removing at least one substrate and auxiliary material from the product blank to obtain the product.

The product is obtained from the base material by applying the method according to the invention.

The manufacturing method according to the invention ensures that the cross section of the product corresponds to the cross section of the tool by using auxiliary material. The workpiece blank preferably has a constant cross-section along its entire length, which is defined by the tool.

The auxiliary material is preferably selected so that it has mechanical characteristics similar to those of a pre-impregnated fiber prefabricated product, at least in terms of the conditions prevailing when the preforms are joined to each other, i.e. at a certain pressure and a certain temperature.

At least two portions of the molding blank can be entirely placed on the molding blank. After that, the preform for molding can be folded or cut in the longitudinal direction for connection by pressing. Each section of the molding blank can likewise be placed on a separate molding blank, that is, each section of the molding blank corresponds exactly to the molding blank.

In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, several layers of pre-impregnated fiber composite material and / or auxiliary material are applied to a third portion of the substrate so that not a single layer of basic material is covered by a layer consisting of auxiliary material. This ensures that auxiliary material is located along the surface of the fabricated workpiece and that the auxiliary material can be completely removed subsequently. Moreover, this makes it possible to fabricate sections of the workpiece of any desired thickness or strength from the base material.

One improvement option provides that the thickness of the applied base material and / or auxiliary material should be in each case such that the thickness of the sections of the molding blank is uniform.

As pre-impregnated fiber prefabricated can be used woven material, knitted fabric and / or canvas. In this case, the fiber prefabricated preferably has fibers arranged at right angles to each other. According to one development variant of the invention, the canvas is formed by an even number of separate layers, where the first fibers of the individual odd layers are oriented in the first direction, and the second fibers of the individual even layers are oriented in the second direction, the angle between the first and second directions being from 30 ° to 60 °. The first direction of all the individual odd layers is the same, and the second direction of the individual odd layers following them is mirror symmetric with respect to the first direction.

As the substrate, a film can be used.

Pre-impregnated fiber prefabricated is preferably reinforced with carbon fibers.

The auxiliary material may be a semi-finished product reinforced with glass fibers.

According to one improvement, before starting the joining process by pressing, one of the first molding blanks is placed parallel to the second of the molding blanks, after which the two molding blanks are joined together by pressing.

One development variant of the invention provides that the first portion of the preform for molding and the second portion of the preform for molding are joined by compression in accordance with the curvature of the product.

According to one improvement option, the first portion of the molding blank is the second length and the second portion of the molding blank is the second length, the first length corresponding to the length of the first molding blank after joining by pressing, and the second length is the length of the second molding blank after joining by pressing. If the product has a curvature, a distinction is made between the first and second lengths. Due to this, there are no stresses in the manufactured product. In particular, this avoids the compression of fibers in fiber prefabricated products.

The above task can also be solved using the installation for the manufacture of products from fiber composite material according to paragraph 6 of the claims, which includes the following:

- a feeding device for providing at least one substrate;

- a laying device for applying a base material, which is a pre-impregnated fiber prefabricated product, to at least one first portion of the substrate, and for applying auxiliary material to at least one second portion of at least one substrate to obtain, at least two sections of the blank for molding;

- a molding press for joining by pressing two sections of the blank for molding in order to obtain a blank of the product; and

- a separation device for removing auxiliary material from the workpiece.

A molding press may consist of a series of molding segments that are arranged in pairs opposite each other and can be placed along a predetermined curve for a molding molding state in which a force is applied. Rigid placement of the molding segments allows you to get any curvature and shape of the product along its longitudinal axis.

One development of the invention involves the use of at least two feed devices that feed two blanks for molding parallel to the molding press, in which case the first speed of the first feed device and the second speed of the second feed device can be adjusted depending on the predetermined curvature of the product.

The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a component in the form of a profile from a plastic fiber composite material, the cross section of which is variable along its length, using the pultrusion process according to the restrictive part of paragraph 9, and also to a component from a plastic fiber composite material made using of this method. The invention also relates to a prefabricated canvas for implementing this method. And finally, the invention relates to a semi-finished product for the manufacture of a component in the form of a profile from a plastic fiber composite material, the cross section of which is variable along its length.

The so-called pultrusion process is currently the preferred method for manufacturing components from plastic fiber composite material when the task is to produce profiles with a constant cross-section along the length. According to this method, usually continuous layers of material are stored wound in the form of a prefabricated canvas on drums, in the form of prepregs, a certain number of them are combined together and connected to each other under the influence of pressure and heat. The component made of composite material obtained after curing has high strength, and the manufacturing process is inexpensive and efficient.

If, for example, due to the requirements for the static properties of a plastic component made of fiber composite material, it becomes necessary to have a variable cross section along the length of the profile, this is usually done by applying additional layers of prepregs to the profile obtained after the pultrusion process using manual lamination technology . This may require additional adhesive film. This is an expensive manufacturing process that is time consuming. In this case, the loss of funds and time for manufacturing is caused not only by the process of manual lamination, but also by preliminary processing of the basic profile, which must be carried out before applying additional layers of fiber composite material. This pre-treatment is carried out using the outer layer, which must be removed from the base profile manually after it is cured or by grinding, a test for tearing a water film and subsequent drying of the base profile.

In the design of modern aircraft, where fiber composite materials are being used more and more not only for the manufacture of sheathing elements, but also for the manufacture of structural components reinforcing them (stringers) or bending beams, there is a need to make components from plastic fiber composite materials, whose cross section varies along their length. For example, these components can be used as stringers in the vertical tail, the thickness of which in the cross section decreases in the vertical direction of the aircraft according to the change in bending moment, which also decreases in this direction. In addition, these components can be used as transverse floor supports, the thickness of which in the cross section increases towards the ends, according to the distribution of the forces arising.

Another objective of the invention is to provide an improved method of manufacturing from a plastic fiber composite material component of the type described above. A further objective is to provide a prefabricated canvas for implementing this improved method. The ultimate goal is to provide a semi-finished product for the manufacture of a plastic fiber composite material component in the form of a profile having a variable cross section along its length.

According to the invention, this result is achieved using a method of manufacturing a component from a plastic fiber composite material with the features of paragraph 9 of the claims. This result is also achieved using a component of a plastic fiber composite material made using the specified method, according to paragraph 18 of the claims. Another component of the solution according to the invention is a prefabricated canvas for implementing the improved method. The final component of the solution according to the invention is also a semi-finished product for the manufacture of a component from a plastic fiber composite material, having the characteristics of paragraph 19 of the claims.

The corresponding dependent claims characterize further preferred embodiments and development variants of the invention.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The essence of the invention is explained in more detail below by means of preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, where:

FIG. 1a-1b show two molding blanks for manufacturing an article according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2a-2c show a product blank obtained using the molding blanks of FIGS. 1a-1b according to a first embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 3a-3c show an article manufactured according to a first embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 4a-4c show an article blank made according to a second embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 5a-5c show an article blank made according to a third embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 6 shows a preform for molding to illustrate a fourth embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 7a-7c show a product blank made according to a fourth embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 8a-8c show cross-sections of further preforms of articles made according to other embodiments of the invention;

FIG. 9 shows an embodiment of an apparatus for manufacturing an article;

FIG. 10 shows a detailed view of the molding press of FIG. 9;

FIG. 11a-11c show a multilayer fiber composite material for use in one embodiment;

FIG. 12 shows a second embodiment of an apparatus for manufacturing an article of fiber composite materials;

FIG. 13 shows a perspective view of the interior of a longitudinally cut vertical tail unit made using structural components from fiber composite materials, where the outer skin is supported by a certain number of stringers arranged parallel to each other and extending in the direction of the aircraft’s vertical axis, the stringers being made as components made of plastic fiber composite material having a profile in the form of a cross-section which varies extend along its length, according to one exemplary embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 14a-14c schematically show cross-sections of a portion of a component of a plastic fiber composite material in the form of a profile, the cross-section of which varies along its length, made by pultrusion, according to two exemplary embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 15 schematically shows a cross section of a component of a plastic fiber composite material in the form of a profile, the cross section of which varies along its length produced by pultrusion, according to a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 16a schematically shows an apparatus for implementing a pultrusion process according to the prior art; and

FIG. 16b shows successive steps of molding a desired profile from a prefabricated canvas, and

FIG. 16c shows a pressing tool in which prefabricated canvases are connected to each other by pressing under the influence of pressure and heat, forming the desired profile shape, according to the prior art.

The same item numbers in all figures in the following text indicate the same components or components that perform the same functions.

The implementation of the invention

A first embodiment of a method for manufacturing an article of fiber composite material is explained in the following text with reference to FIGS. 1a-1d, 2a-2c, and 3a-3c.

Figa and 1b are respectively a side view and a top view of the first blank 1 for molding. The material for the manufacture of the desired product, which is indicated in the following text as the main material 6, is applied to the first portion 4, and the auxiliary material is applied to the second portion 5, on the surface 2 of the film 3, which is used as a substrate. The entire surface 2 of the film 3 is preferably coated with a first portion 4 and a second portion 5.

The base material 6 is preferably a pre-impregnated fiber prefabricated (prepreg), for example, reinforced with carbon fibers. The pre-impregnated fiber prefabricated product can be applied to the surface 2 of the first section 4 using a machine or automatically using a styling device, the so-called tape stacker.

Auxiliary material 7 can be applied to the second portion 5 in a similar manner using a styling device. Fiber prefabricated with glass fibers is particularly suitable for use as an auxiliary material. For this reason, the base material 6 and the auxiliary material 7 in the uncured state have similar ductility characteristics, which do not differ much during the subsequent pressing process. Moreover, as an auxiliary material 7, you can use the material of rapid curing.

The thicknesses 8 of the auxiliary material 7 and the base material are of the same order and are constant over the entire size of the molding 1. As a result, the preform 1 for molding has a flat surface 9.

Figs 1c and 1d show a second preform 10 for molding, which is likewise preliminarily made of a film 3, a base material 6 and an auxiliary material 7. As can be seen in the plan view of FIG. 1d, the third section 11, on which the auxiliary material 7 is applied, is not integral, it can be divided into several sections distributed over the surface 2 of the film 3. The main material 6 is applied to the remaining sections 12, 13 of the surface 2.

One blank 14 of the product is obtained from two blanks 1, 10 for molding, described above. It is shown in side view and in two sections along the planes A and B in FIGS. 2a, 2b and 2c.

In this exemplary embodiment, the two second molding blanks 10 are folded down along their longitudinal edge, that is, in the direction of the film 3. The two second molding blanks 10, thus profiled, are positioned at the rear so that their surfaces 9 face each other. The first preforms 1 for molding are positioned so that they face their surfaces 9 to the curved longitudinal edges on the left and right curved longitudinal edges of the second preforms 10 for molding. As a result, the cross section of the workpiece 14 has an I-profile, as shown in FIGS. 2b and 2c. The workpiece 14 on the outer surface is covered with a film 3.

Now the blanks 1, 10 for molding are connected to each other by pressing, so that the blanks 1, 10 for molding are glued to each other by means of the base material 6. The auxiliary material 7 should be selected so that during pressing it does not stick to the material 6 or not connected with him in another way. Moreover, it is preferable that the auxiliary material 7 has the same ductility characteristics as the material 6, so that the cross section of the workpiece 14 does not deform during compression by joining.

According to an improvement of the first embodiment, a release layer, for example a film, can be placed between the auxiliary material 7 and the base material 6. Thus, the connection of the two materials 6, 7 will be prevented.

In a subsequent step, the film 3 and the auxiliary material 7 are removed. The result is a product 15, which is shown in FIGS. 3a-3c in a side view and in two sections along planes A and B. As can be seen from a comparison of the two cross sections, the first described embodiment allows the manufacture of a product 15 having a variable cross section. This allows us to ensure that the dimensions of the longitudinal support, stringer or similar component correspond to the structural requirements without the need for further manual processing of the product 15. Moreover, for joining by pressing the blanks 1, 10 for molding in order to obtain the blank 14 of the product, only one tool is required, since the blank of the product has constant cross section along its entire length.

After that, the product 15 is cured in the usual way. Curing may occur under the influence of pressure and / or heat.

In another embodiment, the blank 14 is cured. In this case, it is preferable that the auxiliary material 7 be quick-cured, so that the increase in the manufacturing time of the article 15 is negligible. After that, the cured auxiliary material 7 is removed from the base material 6, also cured at this point.

The first embodiment described above can be modified in various ways. In particular, it allows you to get the product 15 of any conceivable geometric shape and any cross section. In the following text, various blanks of the product are shown in side views and corresponding sections. In the corresponding figures, by simply comparing the geometric parameters, you can see the correspondingly manufactured product, as well as blanks for molding, necessary for this purpose.

Figures 4a-4c show a product blank 16c, the profile of which in section A has a greater thickness in the upper part compared to the lower part of the same section. Film 3 is not shown so as not to complicate the illustration. However, it covers the blank 16 of the product along the entire perimeter in the same way as in figa-2C.

Figa-5c show the workpiece 17 of the product, the cross section of which has a simple T-shape. The workpiece 17 can be manufactured either by profiling from three blanks for molding, or by manufacturing a workpiece with an I-profile, as shown in figa-2C or 4A-4C, and then cutting it along the longitudinal axis.

A second embodiment of a method for manufacturing an article will be explained with reference to FIGS. 6, 7a-7c. 6 shows a preform 19 for molding, which is applied to the film 3. In the first section 20, the auxiliary material is applied directly to the film 3 with a thickness of 21. In addition, the auxiliary material 7 is coated with an additional separate layer consisting of a base material 6 having a thickness of 22 The result is a blank 19 for molding, consisting of separate layers of auxiliary material 7 and the main material 6. A characteristic feature of this option is that between the auxiliary material 7 and the captive 3, the base material 6 is not located. Otherwise, it will not be possible to remove, at least partially, the auxiliary material 7.

As an example, in the embodiment shown, in the second portion 24, only the base material 6 is applied to the film 3. The thickness 21, 22, and 23 of the individual layers are chosen such that the thickness of the molding preform 19 remains constant over its entire length.

The preform 25 of the product is made from a preform 19 for molding using a second preform for molding. In this case, for example, the second molding blank is made of base material 6. The two first molding blanks 19 are bent along one edge, as shown in FIG. 7b. The use of preforms 19 for molding, in which the thickness 22 of the material 6 is reduced in sections 20 by applying the auxiliary material 7 below, allows the manufacture of preforms 25 of products, and, accordingly, of products with any desired strength of material 6. The wall thickness of the product freely changes accordingly .

On figa-8d shows various cross-sections that can be manufactured by applying the already described embodiments and blanks for molding. And once again it should be noted that the transverse profile of the product blank may be the same in all cross sections.

9 schematically shows one embodiment of an apparatus for manufacturing an article. The device 30 is equipped with a feeding device 31 for feeding the film 3 and any other substrate. Moreover, two feeding devices 23, 33 are provided for supplying, respectively, the base material 6 and the auxiliary material 7. The substrate 3 is guided along the laying device 34, which applies the base material 6 and the auxiliary material 7 on the surface of the substrate 3. Two materials 6, 7 can be applied , and then the manufacture of blanks 35, 36 for molding can be carried out in a continuous process.

Two preforms 35, 36 for molding are directed parallel to each other and introduced into the pressing device 37. After the entire preform 35, 36 for molding is completely in the pressing device 37, the two preforms 35, 36 for molding are connected to each other by pressing in a pressing device. As a result, a blank of the product is formed using a pressing device.

Behind the pressing device 37 is a separation device 38. The separation device 38 is designed to remove auxiliary material from the workpiece. For this purpose, the film 3 is removed from the workpiece blank. During this process, the auxiliary material 7 is also preferably removed from the workpiece blank.

10 shows an example of a cross-section of a pressing device 37. This device 37 is provided with pressure bars 39 and 40, which in each case are arranged in pairs opposite each other. A cavity is formed whose dimensions correspond to the width and length of the clamping strips 39 and 40 and the cross section of which has the form of an I-beam.

The workpiece shown in figa-2C, can be made using this pressing device 37.

The structure of the material 6 on the film 3 for one particularly preferred embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 11a-11c. The material is applied sequentially superimposing on each other the individual layers 6a, 6b. Separate layer 6a has a bottom row of fibers 41 that are oriented along the main direction. The fibers 42 are located on top, at an angle of 43 to the first fibers 41. The angle usually takes values in the range from 30 ° to 60 °.

The fibers in the second separate layer 6b, in turn, have a first row of fibers 41, which are oriented along the main direction. The second row of fibers 44 is located on top, at an angle of 45 to the main direction of the first row of fibers 41. The second angle 45 is preferably chosen so that the third row of fibers 44 is mirrored symmetrically to the second row of fibers 42 relative to the first row of fibers 41. In this case, the angle 45 has the opposite mathematical sign with respect to angle 43.

The sequence of the individual layers 6a, 6b of the base material 6 ensures that when connecting the individual blanks for molding by extrusion, parallel rows of fibers will not be on top of each other. If such a situation arises, then these rows of fibers can enter one into the other, as a result of which an undesirable decrease in the thickness of the workpiece blank will occur in this place.

12 shows a further embodiment of an apparatus for manufacturing an article. FIG. schematically depicts two technological devices 50, 51 for the manufacture of blanks 52, 53 for molding. Technological devices 50, 51 direct the blanks 52, 53 for molding into a pressing device 54. The pressing device 54 consists of several separate molds 55 arranged in pairs opposite each other. The spatial arrangement of the paired molds 55 repeats the curved profile, as shown in Fig.12. For this purpose, the position of the individual molds and their pairs can preferably be adjusted. The pressing device 54 allows the manufacture of workpieces with any desired curvature.

Obviously, in the case of curved workpieces, the fiber materials of the inner molding 52 are compressed. An inner preform 52 for molding is considered to be a preform for molding that has a smaller radius of curvature compared to the opposite of the workpiece 53 for molding. The compression of the fibers leads to a deterioration in the mechanical characteristics of the finished product.

To eliminate this drawback, two blanks 52, 53 are made for molding of various lengths. The lengths of two blanks 52, 53 for molding correspond to the lengths of two opposite surfaces of the finished product. Thus, the inner molding 52 is shorter than the outer molding 53.

For this purpose, the process devices 50, 51 preferably feed two molding blanks 52, 53 into the pressing device 54 at different speeds. This is done so that the initial and final sections of the two blanks 52, 53 for molding fall into the pressing device at the same time.

The invention is not limited to the embodiments described above.

In particular, the only requirement for molding blanks is that they must have a constant thickness over the entire length, although their thickness can vary in width. It is also possible to manufacture products with a different profile in addition to products with a T-shaped or double tee profile.

In the described embodiments, the molding blanks are made in the form of elements separated from each other. However, according to one embodiment that is not described herein, a single substrate can also be used. The substrate is divided into sections of the blank for molding. The sizes of the sections of the molding blank correspond to the sizes of the individual molding blanks described above. The base material and auxiliary material are applied to the respective sections of the preform for molding accordingly, as is the case with the individual preforms for molding. Before connecting the sections of the preform for molding by pressing to obtain the preform of the product, the substrate is bent or torn along the boundaries of the sections of the preform for molding.

Fig. 13 shows a perspective view of the inside of a longitudinally cut vertical tail unit of an A380 wide-body aircraft. In the longitudinally cut half 1 'there is a certain number of stringers 10', which extend parallel to the Z direction of the vertical axis of the aircraft, and each of which is formed by a component of plastic fiber composite material. Stringers 10 'strengthen the outer skin 2', which is connected to the stringers 10 'along their entire length. Stringers 10 ', as well as the outer skin 2' of the longitudinally cut half 1 'shown, are made, in particular, using carbon fibers in a modern construction from a plastic fiber composite material. The components of the plastic fiber composite material that form the stringers are in the form of elongated profiles with a cross section of a T-shape, the thickness of which varies along their length. You can make a profile with a cross section of virtually any desired shape. For example, first of all, it is possible to produce a profile with a cross section of an H-shape, which is then cut lengthwise in order to obtain two profile elements, each of which has a cross section of a T-shape or a similar shape.

On Fig shows four sections I-IV, which correspond to an increase in the thickness of the cross section of the profile of the stringers. The component 10 'of the plastic fiber composite material in section I has a minimum thickness, and this thickness is formed by a base profile that extends along the entire length of the component 1' of the composite material. The thickness of the cross section increases, starting from section II, due to the first reinforcing layer, which passes through sections II-IV. In section III, a second reinforcing layer is added, which passes only in sections III and IV. Finally, due to the third reinforcing layer, in section IV, the component 10 ’of the composite material has a maximum thickness. As a result, the cross section of the components of the plastic fiber composite material that form the stringers 10 ′ corresponds to bending loads that decrease in the Z direction of the aircraft’s vertical axis along the length of the vertical tail.

On figa shows a schematic representation of the installation 100 for the implementation of the pultrusion process, which, in fact, corresponds to the prior art and is used for the manufacture of plastic fiber composite material components 10 ', 20' in the form of profiles. The layers of the processed material are stored in the form of prepregs wound on drums 110, as prefabricated canvases that are joined together into preforming devices 120 and connected to each other by pressing in a pressing device 130 under the influence of pressure and heat. Heat treatment is performed in a tunnel type dryer 140, which is located after the pressing device and in which the fiber composite is completely cured. A prefabricated canvas is pulled through the unit using a pulling device 150. Cutting profiles into fragments of the desired length is performed in the cutting device 160.

The desired profile is obtained in the device 120 for pre-molding, by changing the pre-made canvas. On fig.16b shows the various stages of this process, where the first coiled from the reels 110 canvas has the form of a strip, and at the end takes on the desired shape. After that, the prefabricated canvases are connected to each other by pressing in a further pressing device 130 under the influence of pressure and heat to obtain a profile of the desired shape, as shown in figs. For example, as shown in the figure, during this process, a profile with an H-shaped cross section is obtained, which can be used in this form, or can be cut in length to obtain two profile elements, each of which has a T-shaped cross section.

Figures 14 and 15 show cross-sections of two different exemplary embodiments of components 10 ', 20' of plastic fiber composite material, which are made in the form of a profile with a variable cross-sectional length using the pultrusion process. Each of them has a base profile made of one or, as in the depicted exemplary embodiments, of several layers 11 ', 21' of material that extend along its entire length.

A cross section that varies along the length of the profile is obtained using one or, in the case of the depicted embodiments, from several additional layers 14 ', 24', 25 'of material that are applied to and connected to the base profile. The length of these additional layers of material is only part of the length of the profile, resulting in the desired cross-section of the profile, which varies along its length.

These additional material layers 14 ', 24', 25 'are applied to the continuous material layers 11', 21 ', which form the base profile, together with the corresponding compensating layers 14a', 24a ', 25a', which primarily complement the cross section of the profile, which ultimately needs to be obtained and which varies along its length, on that part of the length of the profile that the additional layers 14 ', 24', 25 'of the material do not cover in order to obtain a constant cross-section along the length of the profile. This makes it possible to use the pultrusion process to obtain a workpiece with a constant cross-sectional length, since this case is a case of applying the conventional pultrusion process.

A separation layer 50 'is placed between the compensating layers 14a', 24a ', 25a' and the continuous material layers 11 ', 21' below them, which form the base profile, as well as additional material layers 14 ', 24', 25 ', which form the cross-section of the profile, changing along its length, when the compensating layers 14a ', 24a', 25a 'are located above them, which allows you to remove the compensating layers 14a', 24a ', 25a' at the right time after joining by pressing and curing. The compensating layers 14a ', 24a', 25a 'are used to provide a constant cross-section during the pultrusion process, and they are not intended to be part of the finished product in the form of a component 10', 20 'of a plastic fiber composite material with a profile whose cross section varies along its length. Fig. 14 schematically shows a sectional view of a component 10 'of fiber composite material, which is obtained after removal of the compensating layers 14a'.

14 and 15, which depict exemplary embodiments, several additional material layers 14 ′, 24 ′, 25 ′ are shown, which form a cross-section of the profile, varying along its length, and which at respective points 14b ′, 24b ′, 25b 'junctions form joints with the corresponding compensating layers 14a', 24a ', 25a'. These abutment points 14b ', 24b', 25b 'are offset in relation to each other in the longitudinal direction, resulting in a stepwise narrowing of the desired cross-section of the profile. In this case, between adjacent adjacency points, corresponding overlay sections of additional material layers 14 ', 24', 25 'are formed, which form a cross section of the profile, varying along its length, and the corresponding compensating layer 14a', 24a ', 25a' of the next separate layer. In order to subsequently remove the compensation layers 14a ', 24a', 25a ', separation layers 50' can also be provided at each of these overlay sections.

In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 14, continuous layers 11 'of material are placed on one side of the profile, and compensating layers 14a' to be removed are placed on the other side of the profile. On the other hand, in the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 15, the construction of the composite material component 20 ′ is symmetrical about its longitudinal axis, and the continuous material layers 21 ′ are in the middle, additional material layers 24 ′ are provided on one side of the profile, the following additional layers 25 "of material are provided on the other side of the profile and in each case they are supplemented with corresponding compensating layers 24a 'and 25a' respectively on both sides of the continuous layers 21 'of material. thus, removable compensating layers 24a ', 25a' are provided on both sides, and the profile of the component 20 'of the composite material changes on both sides along the entire length.

According to the exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 14a and 15, the compensation layers 14a ', 24a', 25a 'are formed by separate layers of fiber material, which may be the same as the fiber material of the continuous layers 11', 21 ', or may represent another fiber material. It is possible that the separation layers 50 'are located between the individual compensation layers 14a', 24a ', 25a', as shown in Fig. 14a, or that there are no separation layers between the individual compensation layers 24a ', 25a', as shown in FIG. .15, so that the compensating layers 24a ', 25a' after the bonding process by extrusion form an independent plastic fiber composite material. After extraction, this fiber composite can be discarded as a temporary layer.

For all exemplary embodiments, the release layer 50 ′ may be provided as a release powder, or as a release film, or, if necessary, in other suitable materials.

Continuous layers 11 ', 21' of material can be stored in the form of a prefabricated canvas wound on one or more drums, and fed during the manufacturing process of component 10 ', 20' from composite material. Additional layers 14 ', 24', 25 'of material that are designed to form a profile having a variable cross-section along its length, as well as compensating layers 14a', 24a ', 25a' supplementing them, can be similarly stored in the form of a prefabricated canvas, wound on one or more reels, and serve during the process. In this case, additional layers 14 ', 24', 25 'of the material, on the one hand, and the compensating layers 14a', 24a ', 25a' supplementing them, on the other hand, can be fed from different drums. In this case, it is necessary to provide that the points of contact 14b ', 24b', 25b 'between the mutually complementary layers are correctly located in relation to each other.

On the other hand, additional layers 14 ', 24', 25 'of material that form a profile with a variable cross-section along the length, as well as compensating layers 14a', 24a ", 25a 'supplementing them, can be wound together on one drum in the form of a pre manufactured canvas with a constant cross-section and can be used to implement this method.In addition, it can be provided that at least one continuous layer 11 ', 21' of material was also wound on the drum along with these layers to obtain a prefabricated If the cross-sectional thickness of the profile is not too large, all layers, that is, continuous material layers 11 ', 21', as well as additional material layers 14 ', 24', 25 ', which form a profile with a cross section varying in length, and the compensating layers 14a ', 24a', 25a 'supplementing them, wound onto one drum in the form of a prefabricated canvas with a constant cross section.

The prefabricated canvas may further include a backing film, which serves as the basis for the respective layers. Such a substrate film is usually separated from these layers as they are fed from various rolls and joined together. Then this film is removed from the process.

If the release film is used as a separate release layer, it can be an integral part of a prefabricated canvas or can be supplied separately, in which case it is usually also wound on a drum.

As shown in FIG. 14c, a single compensating layer 40 'may also be provided, which is an additional part of the cross-section of the profile, which varies along its length. For example, it may be composed of metal or elastic material. It is then used in the manufacturing process in the same way as the individual layers described above to supplement the cross section of the profile, which varies along its length due to the additional layers 14a ', 24a', 25a ', so as to obtain a profile with a cross section constant over it length. Such an element 40 'may be a reusable "dummy layer" that is used in the manufacturing process, after which it is removed, cleaned and reused, or it may be an element that is discarded after the manufacturing process or processed accordingly. Element 40 'can be introduced into the process immediately before the curing device, especially if it is a solid “dummy layer”.

The component 10 ', 20' of the plastic fiber composite material with a variable cross-sectional length and the compensating layers 14a ', 24a', 25a ', 40 "supplementing it form a preform that can be transported or stored separately until the component and the compensating layers will not be separated.

According to the invention, a component of a plastic fiber composite material and a method for its manufacture, as well as the aforementioned preform, have many advantages over conventional methods for manufacturing such parts using the pultrusion process. Among the advantages of the manufacturing method according to the invention are the following: a significant reduction in production costs and manufacturing time, the absence of the need to perform a complex procedure for applying additional reinforcing layers and, possibly, an adhesive film to the base profile and, therefore, the absence of the need for preliminary processing, which may be required in in this case, there is no need for additional curing of the applied additional reinforcing layers in the autoclave , Improved quality laminate and therefore improving mechanical characteristics of the resulting composite material component and no need to conduct tests of the basic profile.

The cross-section of the profile, which varies in length, also provides the manufacturing advantage of the pultrusion profile, the weight of which is optimized and which corresponds to the load.

Conventional pultrusion profiles are characterized by constant cross-sectional length and constant component thickness. As long as the cross section of the profile remains constant in length, any geometric shape can be obtained (H, T, O, X, V, M, D, etc.). The present invention is characterized in that these basic geometric characteristics can be maintained, and in that the cross section of the profile can be changed by changing the thickness of the component. In essence, there are no restrictions on the basic geometric characteristics.

All traditional materials can be used as fiber material, such as carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFP), glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFP), acrylic fiber reinforced plastic (AFP), natural fibers, etc.

From the foregoing, it should be clear that this description discloses at least the following embodiments:

Embodiment 1. A method of manufacturing an article (15) consisting of a fiber composite material, comprising the following steps:

(a) providing at least one substrate (3);

(b) applying the main material (6), which is a pre-impregnated fiber prefabricated product, and auxiliary material (7) on at least one substrate (3) to obtain at least two sections of the preform (1, 10) for molding, so that at least one of the sections of the preform (1, 10) for molding is the main material, and at least one of the sections of the preform (1, 10) for molding is an auxiliary material;

(c) interconnecting by pressing at least two sections of the preform (1, 10) for molding in order to obtain the preform (14) of the product with the location of at least one substrate (3) on the surface of the preform (14) of the product ; and

(d) removing at least one substrate (3) and auxiliary material (7) from the workpiece (14) of the product to obtain the product (15),

characterized in that the main material (6) and / or auxiliary material (7) is applied in such a thickness (21, 22, 23) that provides a constant thickness (21, 22, 23) of the workpiece (1, 10) for molding.

Embodiment 2. A manufacturing method according to Embodiment 1, characterized in that several layers consisting of a base material (6) and / or auxiliary material (7) are applied to a portion (20) of the substrate (3), so that none the layer consisting of the base material (6) is not covered by an auxiliary material (7).

Embodiment 3. A manufacturing method according to at least one of the preceding embodiments, characterized in that the base material (6) is a woven material, a knitted fabric and / or canvas.

Embodiment 4. A manufacturing method according to Embodiment 3, wherein the canvas consists of an even number of layers, the first fibers (41) in the layers with odd numbers oriented in the first direction, and the second fibers (42, 44) in the layers with even the numbers are oriented in the second direction, while the angle between the first and second directions is from 30 ° to 60 °.

Embodiment 5. A manufacturing method according to Embodiment 4, characterized in that the first direction of the fibers (41) in all layers with odd numbers is the same, and the second directions of fibers (42, 44) in the subsequent layers with odd numbers are mirror symmetric to each other relative to the first direction.

Embodiment 6. A manufacturing method according to at least one of the preceding embodiments, characterized in that the substrate (3) is a film.

Embodiment 7. A manufacturing method according to at least one of the preceding embodiments, characterized in that the base material (6) is a carbon fiber reinforced material.

Embodiment 8. A manufacturing method according to at least one of the preceding embodiments, characterized in that the auxiliary material (7) is a semi-finished product reinforced with glass fibers.

Embodiment 9. A manufacturing method according to at least one of the preceding embodiments, characterized in that before the joining step by pressing, the first of the molding blanks (1, 10) is placed parallel to the second of the molding blanks (1, 10), after which these two sections (1, 10) of the blank for molding are connected to each other by pressing.

Embodiment 10. A manufacturing method according to Embodiment 9, characterized in that the first portion (1, 10) of the molding blank and the second portion (1, 10) of the molding blank are joined by pressing in accordance with the curvature of the article.

Embodiment 11. A manufacturing method according to Embodiment 10, characterized in that the first portion of the preform (1, 10) for molding has a first length and the second portion of the preform (1, 10) for molding has a second length, the first length corresponding to the length of the first section of the workpiece (1, 10) for molding after joining by pressing, and the second length corresponds to the length of the second section of the workpiece (1, 10) for molding after joining by pressing.

An implementation option 12. Installation for the manufacture of products (15), consisting of a fiber composite material containing:

a feeding device (31) for providing at least one substrate (3);

a laying device (34) for applying the base material (6), which is a pre-impregnated fiber prefabricated product, at least one first section of the substrate (3), and for applying auxiliary material (7) to at least one second section at least one substrate (3), to obtain at least two sections (52, 53) of the workpiece (1, 10) for molding;

a molding press (37, 54) for joining by pressing two sections (52, 53) of the workpiece (1, 10) for molding to obtain a workpiece (14) of the product; and

a separation device (38) for removing auxiliary material (7) from the workpiece (14) of the product.

Embodiment 13. The apparatus of Embodiment 12, wherein the molding press (54) consists of a series of molding segments (55) that are arranged in pairs opposite each other and can be placed along a predetermined curve for such a condition of the molding press (54) in which the force is applied.

Embodiment 14. The apparatus of Embodiment 13, wherein at least two feed devices (50, 51) are provided that feed two sections (52, 53) of the workpiece (1, 10) for molding parallel to the molding press ( 54), while the first feed rate of the first feed device (50) and the second feed speed of the second feed device (51) can be adjusted depending on the predetermined curvature of the product.

Embodiment 15. A method of manufacturing a component from a plastic fiber composite material in the form of a profile with a cross section that is variable in length, using a pultrusion process, in which the base profile and a variable cross section are formed from one or more layers that are continuous along the entire length (11 ' , 21 ') of a fiber material using one or more additional layers (14', 24 ', 25') of material that are applied to and connected to the base profile, and the length of which is such that these layers take only a few hours the length of the profile, while the pultrusion process includes the steps of feeding, joining by pressing and curing layers of material, characterized in that the additional layers (14 ', 24', 25 ') of the material, which form a variable cross section of the component (10', 20 ') from a composite material, is applied with the introduction of a separation layer (50') into the continuous layers (11 ', 21') of the material, which form the base profile together with at least one compensating layer (14a ', 24a', 25a ', 40 '), which complements the cross-section of the profile in that section of lengths profile which is not occupied by additional layers (14 ', 24', 25 ') of the material to obtain a constant cross-section, and removing at least one compensation layer (14a', 24a ', 25a', 40 ') after connection by pressing.

Embodiment 16. The method of Embodiment 15, characterized in that several additional layers (14 ', 24', 25 ') of material that at the respective abutment points (14b', 24b ', 25b') form joints at least with one compensating layer (14a ', 24a', 25a ', 40') is applied to the continuous layers (11 ', 21') of the material that form the base profile, while the points of contact (14b ', 24b', 25b ') are displaced with respect to each other in the longitudinal direction, with additional layers (14 ', 24', 25 ') of the material and at least one compensating layer (14a', 24a ', 25a', 40 ') are placed one above the other between adjacent adjacency points (14b', 24b ', 25b'), thereby forming the corresponding overlapping sections, on which a separation layer (50 ') is provided between additional layers (14', 24 ', 25') material and a compensating layer (14a ', 24a', 25a ', 40').

Embodiment 17. The method of Embodiment 15 or 16, wherein the compensating layer (14a ′, 24a ′, 25a ′) is formed by separate layers of fiber material.

Embodiment 18. The method of Embodiment 15 or 16, wherein the compensating layer (14a ′, 24a ′, 25a ′, 40 ′) is formed by one or more separate metal layers.

Embodiment 19. The method of Embodiment 15 or 16, wherein the compensating layer (14a ′, 24a ′, 25a ′, 40 ′) is formed by one or more separate layers of elastic material.

Embodiment 20. The method of Embodiment 17, wherein the compensating layer (14a ′, 24a ′, 25a ′) is formed by several separate layers of fiber material, between which separation layers (50 ′) are provided.

Embodiment 21. The method of Embodiment 17, wherein the compensating layer (14a ', 24a', 25a ') is formed by several separate layers of fiber material, between which there are no separation layers and which, after the joining process by pressing, form an additional plastic fiber composite material.

Embodiment 22. The method of Embodiment 20 or 21, wherein the compensating layers (14a ′, 24a ′, 25a ′) are discarded as a temporary layer after removal.

Embodiment 23. A method according to any one of Embodiments 15-22, characterized in that a profile with a cross section of an H-shaped or T-shaped, which has a variable cross-section along its length, is made.

Embodiment 24. The method of Embodiment 23, characterized in that a H-shaped cross-sectional profile is produced that has a variable cross-section along its length and which is cut lengthwise to produce two profile elements, each of which has a T-shaped transverse section.

An implementation option 25. The method according to any of embodiments 15-24, characterized in that the separation layer (50 ') is applied in the form of a release powder.

An implementation option 26. The method according to any of embodiments 15-24, characterized in that the separation layer (50 ') is provided in the form of a separation film.

An implementation option 27. The method according to any of embodiments 15-26, characterized in that the continuous layers (11 ', 21') of material are stored and fed into the process in the form of a prefabricated canvas wound on a drum.

Embodiment 28. The method of Embodiment 27, wherein the additional layers (14 ′, 24 ′, 25 ′) of the material and the compensating layers (14a ′, 24a ′, 25a ′, 40 ′) are stored and fed into the process in the form of a prefabricated canvas wound on a drum.

Embodiment 29. The method of Embodiment 28, wherein supplying additional layers (14 ′, 24 ′, 25 ′) of material, on the one hand, and compensating layers (14a ′, 24a ′, 25a ′, 40 ′), on the other hand, carried out from different drums.

Embodiment 30. The method of Embodiment 28, wherein at least one of the additional material layers (14 ′, 24 ′, 25 ′) and at least one compensating layer (14a ′, 24a ′, 25a ′, 40 '), which complements that portion of the length of the profile that is not occupied by at least one layer of material, is stored on a drum and fed into the process together in the form of a prefabricated canvas with a constant cross section.

Embodiment 31. The method of Embodiment 30 in conjunction with Embodiment 27, wherein the at least one continuous layer (11 ′, 21 ′) of material and at least one additional layer (14 ′, 24 ′, 25 ′) material, as well as a compensating layer (14a ', 24a', 25a '), which supplements the length, is stored on the drum and fed into the technological process together in the form of a prefabricated canvas with a constant cross section.

Embodiment 32. The method of Embodiment 31, wherein all layers (11 ′, 14 ′, 14a ′, 21 ′, 24 ′, 24a ′, 25 ′, 25a ′) are stored on one drum and fed to the process together in the form of a prefabricated canvas with a constant cross section.

An implementation option 33. The method according to any of embodiments 27-32, characterized in that the layers of the pre-fabricated canvas are applied to the substrate film.

An implementation option 34. A component of a plastic fiber composite material made by the method according to any of embodiments 16-33.

Embodiment 35. A prefabricated canvas for implementing the method of any one of Embodiments 27-33.

Embodiment 36. A semi-finished product for manufacturing from a plastic fiber composite material a component in the form of a profile having a variable cross section along its length, in which a base profile and a variable cross section are formed from one or more layers (11 ', 21') of material that are continuous over the length, using one or more additional layers (14 ', 24', 25 ') of material that or which are applied to the base profile and connected to it and which or which have a length that is only part of the length of the profile, p and that the material layers are joined by pressing using pultrusion process; characterized in that the additional layers (14 ', 24', 25 ') of the material, forming a variable cross section of the component (10', 20 ') of the composite material, deposited with the introduction of the separation layer (50') in continuous layers (11 ', 21 ') of the material that form the base profile together with at least one compensating layer (14a', 24a ', 25a', 40 '), which complements the cross-section of the profile to obtain a constant cross-section in that section of the length of the profile that is not occupied additional layers (14 ', 24', 25 ') of material, with at least one compensating layer (14a ', 24a', 25a ', 40') is made with the possibility of removal after connection by pressing.

Embodiment 37. The semifinished product of Embodiment 36, wherein a plurality of additional layers (14 ′, 24 ′, 25 ′) of material that at the respective abutment points (14b ′, 24b ′, 25b ′) form joints at least with one compensating layer (14a ', 24a', 25a ', 40'), deposited on the continuous layers (11 ', 21') of material that form the base profile, while the points of contact (14b ', 24b', 25b ') are offset with respect to each other in the longitudinal direction, and additional layers (14 ', 24', 25 ') of the material and at least one compensating layer (14a', 24a ', 25a' , 40 ') are located one above the other between adjacent points (14b', 24b ', 25b') of abutment with the formation in each case of overlapping sections on which a separation layer (50 ') is provided, located between additional layers (14', 24 ' , 25 ') of the material and the compensating layer (14a', 24a ', 25a', 40 ').

Embodiment 38. The semifinished product of Embodiment 36 or 37, wherein the compensating layer (14a ′, 24a ′, 25a ′) is formed by separate layers of fiber material.

Embodiment 39. The semifinished product of Embodiment 36 or 37, wherein the compensating layer (14a ′, 24a ′, 25a ′, 40 ′) is formed by one or more separate metal layers.

Embodiment 40. The semifinished product of Embodiment 36 or 37, wherein the compensating layer (14a ′, 24a ′, 25a ′, 40 ′) is formed by one or more separate layers of elastic material.

Embodiment 41. The semifinished product of Embodiment 38, wherein the compensating layer (14a ', 24a', 25a ') is formed by several separate layers of fiber material, between which separation layers (50') are provided.

Embodiment 42. The semifinished product of Embodiment 38, wherein the compensating layer (14a ′, 24a ′, 25a ′) is formed by several separate layers of fiber material, between which there are no separation layers and which, after the joining process by pressing, form an additional plastic fiber composite material.

Embodiment 43. The semi-finished product of Embodiment 41 or 42, wherein the compensating layers (14a ′, 24a ′, 25a ′) form temporary layers that are intended to be ejected.

An implementation option 44. The semi-finished product according to any one of embodiments 26-43, characterized in that it can be made of a profile with a cross section of an H-shaped or T-shaped, which has a variable cross-section along its length.

Embodiment 45. The semifinished product of Embodiment 44, characterized in that an H-shaped cross-sectional profile having a variable cross-section along its length, which can be cut lengthwise to produce two profile elements, can be made from it. which has a T-shaped cross section.

An implementation option 46. The semi-finished product according to any one of embodiments 36-45, characterized in that the separation layer (50 ') is made in the form of a release powder.

An implementation option 47. The semi-finished product according to any one of embodiments 36-45, characterized in that the separation layer (50 ') is made in the form of a separation film.

List of Symbols

1. Molding blank

one'. Half cut longitudinally

2. The surface

2 '. Outer skin

3. The substrate

4. Plot

5. Plot

6. The main material

6a. Layer

6b. Layer

7. Supporting material

9. The surface of the workpiece for molding

10. Blank for molding

10'. Component made of plastic fiber composite material

11. Plot

eleven'. Continuous layer of material

12. Plot

13. Plot

14. Procurement of the product

fourteen'. Additional layer of material

14a '. Compensation layer

14b '. Junction point

15. Product

16. Procurement of the product

17. Procurement of the product

19. Blank for molding

20. Plot

21. Thickness

21 '. Continuous layer of material

22. Thickness

23. Thickness

24. Plot

24 '. Additional layer of material

24a '. Compensation layer

24b '. Junction point

25. Procurement of the product

25 '. Additional layer of material

25a '. Compensation layer

25b '. Junction point

30. Device for manufacturing

31. Feeding device

32. Feeding device

33. Feeding device

35. Section of the blank for molding

36. The plot of the workpiece for molding

37. Pressing device (molding press)

38. Separation device

39. Pressure bar

40. Pressure bar

40 '. Element

41. Fiber

42. Fiber

43. Angle

44. Fiber

45. Angle

50. Feeding device

fifty'. Separate Separation Layer

51. Feeding device

52. The plot of the workpiece for molding

53. A portion of the blank for molding

54. Pressing device (molding press)

55. Molds (molding segments)

100. Installation for implementing the pultrusion process

110. Pre-fabricated drums

120. Device for initial deformation

130. Pressing device

140. Tunnel type dryer

150. Pulling device

160. A device for cutting.

Claims (22)

1. A method of manufacturing an article (15) consisting of a fiber composite material, comprising the following steps:
(a) providing at least one substrate (3), preferably in the form of a film;
(b) applying the main material (6), which is a pre-impregnated fiber prefabricated product, and auxiliary material (7) on at least one substrate (3) to obtain at least two sections of the preform (1, 10) for molding, so that at least one of the sections of the workpiece (1, 10) for molding is the main material, and at least one of the sections of the workpiece (1, 10) for molding is the auxiliary material;
(c) interconnecting by pressing at least two sections of the preform (1, 10) for molding in order to obtain the preform (14) of the product with the location of at least one substrate (3) on the surface of the preform (14) of the product , and
(d) removing at least one substrate (3) and auxiliary material (7) from the workpiece (14) of the product to obtain the product (15),
characterized in that the main material (6) and / or auxiliary material (7) is applied in such a thickness (21, 22, 23) that provides a constant thickness (21, 22, 23) of the workpiece (1, 10) for molding. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that several layers consisting of a base material (6) and / or auxiliary material (7) are applied to a portion (20) of the substrate (3), so that no layer consisting from the main material (6), not covered by auxiliary material (7). 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the main material (6) is a woven material, knitted fabric and / or canvas, preferably consisting of an even number of layers, the first fibers (41) in the layers with odd numbers oriented in the first direction, and the second fibers (42, 44) in the even-numbered layers are oriented in the second direction, the angle between the first and second directions being from 30 ° to 60 °, and, in particular, the first fiber direction (41) in all layers with odd numbers the same, and second directions I fibers (42, 44) in the layers following them with odd numbers are mirror symmetric to each other with respect to the first direction. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that before the joining step by pressing, the first of the preform sections (1, 10) for molding is placed parallel to the second of the preform sections (1, 10) for molding, after which these two sections of the preform (1 , 10) for molding are connected to each other by extrusion, while the first portion of the preform (1, 10) for molding and the second portion of the preform (1, 10) for molding are preferably joined by extrusion in accordance with the curvature of the product. 5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the first portion of the preform (1, 10) for molding has a first length, and the second portion of the preform (1, 10) for molding has a second length, the first length corresponding to the length of the first portion of the preform ( 1, 10) for molding after joining by pressing, and the second length corresponds to the length of the second portion of the workpiece (1, 10) for molding after joining by pressing. 6. Installation for the manufacture of products (15), consisting of a fiber composite material, containing:
a feeding device (31) for providing at least one substrate (3); a laying device (34) for applying the base material (6), which is a pre-impregnated fiber prefabricated product, at least one first section of the substrate (3), and for applying auxiliary material (7) to at least one second section at least one substrate (3), to obtain at least two sections (52, 53) of the workpiece (1, 10) for molding;
a molding press (37, 54) for joining by pressing two sections (52, 53) of the workpiece (1.10) for molding to obtain the workpiece (14) of the product and a separation device (38) for removing auxiliary material (7) from the workpiece ( 14) products. 7. Installation according to claim 6, characterized in that the molding press (54) consists of a series of molding segments (55), which are arranged in pairs opposite each other and can be placed along a predetermined curve for such a state of the molding press (54), which effort is applied. 8. Installation according to claim 7, characterized in that at least two feeding devices (50, 51) are provided, which feed two sections (52, 53) of the workpiece (1, 10) for molding parallel to the molding press (54) wherein the first feed rate of the first feed device (50) and the second feed rate of the second feed device (51) can be adjusted depending on the predetermined curvature of the product. 9. A method of manufacturing a component from a plastic fiber composite material in the form of a profile with a cross section variable over its length, using the pultrusion process, in which the base profile and a variable cross section are formed from one or more layers that are continuous along the entire length (11 ', 21 ') fiber material, using one or more additional layers (14', 24 ', 25') of material that are applied to the base profile and connected to it, and the length of which is such that these layers occupy only part of the length of the profile, when The pultrusion process includes the steps of feeding, joining by pressing and curing the layers of material, characterized in that the additional layers (14 ', 24', 25 ') of the material, which form a variable cross section of the component (10', 20 ') of the composite material, applied with the introduction of the separation layer (50 ') in the continuous layers (11', 21 ') of the material that form the base profile, together with at least one compensating layer (14a', 24a ', 25a', 40 ' ), which complements the cross section of the profile in that section of the length of the profile, which is not anyat additional layers (14 ', 24', 25 ') of the material to obtain a constant cross-section, and removing at least one compensation layer (14a', 24a ', 25a', 40 ') after connection by pressing. 10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that several additional layers (14 ', 24', 25 ') of material, which at the corresponding points (14b', 24b ', 25b') of the abutment form joints at least with one compensating layer (14a ', 24a', 25a ', 40') is applied to the continuous layers (11 ', 21') of the material that form the base profile, while the points of contact (14b ', 24b', 25b ') are displaced in relation to each other in the longitudinal direction, moreover, additional layers (14 ', 24', 25 ') of the material and at least one compensating layer (14a', 24a ', 25a', 40 ') are placed one above the other between adjacent and abutment points (14b ', 24b', 25b '), thereby forming the corresponding overlapping sections, on which a separation layer (50') is provided between the additional layers (14 ', 24', 25 ') of the material and the compensating layer (14a' , 24a ', 25a', 40 '). 11. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the compensating layer (14a ', 24a', 25a ', 40') is formed:
in separate layers of fiber material
one or more separate layers of metal,
one or more separate layers of elastic material,
several separate layers of fiber material between which separation layers (50 ') are provided, or
several separate layers of fiber material, between which no separation layers are provided, and which, after the joining step by pressing, form an additional plastic fiber composite material,
wherein the compensating layers (14a ', 24a', 25a ') are preferably discarded after removal as a temporary layer. 12. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that they produce a profile with a cross section of an H-shaped or T-shape, which has a variable cross section along its length, while the profile with a cross section of a T-shape is obtained by manufacturing a profile with H-shaped cross section, variable in length, and cutting the H-shaped profile in length to obtain two profile elements, each of which has a T-shaped cross section. 13. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the continuous layers (11 ', 21') of material are stored and fed into the technological process in the form of a prefabricated canvas wound on a drum, with additional layers (14 ', 24', 25 ') of the material and the compensation layers (14a', 24a ', 25a', 40 ') are preferably stored and fed into the process in the form of a prefabricated canvas wound on a drum. 14. The method according to p. 13, characterized in that the supply of additional layers (14 ', 24', 25 ') of the material, on the one hand, and compensating layers (14a', 24a ', 25a', 40 '), on the other hand, carried out from different drums, or at least one of the additional layers (14 ', 24', 25 ') of the material and at least one compensating layer (14a', 24a ', 25a', 40 ') , which complements that section of the length of the profile that is not occupied by at least one layer of material, is stored on a drum and fed into the technological process together, in the form of a prefabricated canvas with constant cross section. 15. The method according to item 13, wherein the at least one continuous layer (11 ', 21') of material and at least one additional layer (14 ', 24', 25 ') of material also a compensating layer (14a ', 24a', 25a '), which supplements the length, is stored on the drum and fed into the technological process together, in the form of a prefabricated canvas with a constant cross section. 16. The method according to p. 15, characterized in that all the layers (11 ', 14', 14a ', 21', 24 ', 24a', 25 ', 25a') are stored on one drum and served together in the process, in the form of a prefabricated canvas with a constant cross section. 17. The method according to p. 13, characterized in that the layers of pre-fabricated canvas are applied to the substrate film. 18. A component of a plastic fiber composite material made by the method according to any one of claims 9-17. 19. Semi-finished product for the manufacture of a component from a plastic fiber composite material in the form of a profile having a variable cross section along its length, in which the base profile and a variable cross section are formed from one or more layers (11 ', 21') of material that are continuous in length, using one or more additional layers (14 ', 24', 25 ') of material that or which are applied to the base profile and connected to it, and which or which have a length that is only part of the length of the profile, the layers of material connected by pressing using the pultrusion process, characterized in that the additional layers (14 ', 24', 25 ') of the material, forming a variable cross-section of the component (10', 20 ') of the composite material, are applied with the introduction of a separation layer (50' ) into continuous layers (11 ', 21') of material that form the base profile, together with at least one compensating layer (14a ', 24a', 25a ', 40'), which complements the cross section of the profile to obtain a constant cross section in that section of the length of the profile that is not occupied for additionally layers (14 ', 24', 25 ') of the material, wherein at least one compensation layer (14a', 24a ', 25a', 40 ') is adapted to remove after connection by pressing. 20. The semi-finished product according to claim 19, characterized in that several additional layers (14 ', 24', 25 ') of material, which at the corresponding abutment points (14b', 24b ', 25b') form joints, at least with one compensating layer (14a ', 24a', 25a ', 40'), deposited on the continuous layers (11 ', 21') of the material that form the base profile, while the points of contact (14b ', 24b', 25b ') are offset in relation to each other in the longitudinal direction, and additional layers (14 ', 24', 25 ') of the material and at least one compensating layer (14a', 24a ', 25a', 40 ') are located one above the other between adjacent adjacent points (14b ', 24b', 25b ') of abutment with the formation in each case of overlapping sections on which a separation layer (50') is provided, located between the additional layers (14 ', 24', 25 ') of the material and the compensating layer ( 14a ', 24a', 25a ', 40'). 21. The semi-finished product according to claim 19, characterized in that the compensating layer (14a ', 24a', 25a ', 40') is formed:
in separate layers of fiber material
one or more separate layers of metal,
one or more separate layers of elastic material,
several separate layers of fiber material, between which separation layers (50 ') are provided,
several separate layers of fiber material, between which there are no separation layers, and which, after joining by pressing, form an additional plastic fiber composite material,
wherein the compensating layers (14a ', 24a', 25a ') preferably form temporary layers that are intended to be ejected. 22. The semi-finished product according to claim 19, characterized in that it can be made of a profile with a cross section of an H-shaped or T-shape, which has a variable cross section along its length, while the profile with a cross section of a T-shape be obtained by manufacturing a profile with an H-shaped cross section, variable in length, and cutting the H-shaped profile in length to obtain two profile elements, each of which has a T-shaped cross section.

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