RU2432589C1 - Device for determining characteristics of sea wind waves - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics.

SUBSTANCE: device is in form of recording apparatus mounted on a buoy. The recording apparatus is in form of a solid-metal cigar-shaped housing with a mast, fitted with a data transmitting device. There is an extensible anchor device (21) in the lower part of the housing. The housing is also fitted with a stabilising device in form of wings (22). The wings of the stabilising device are linked to the upper part of the housing by hinges (23) and by rubber cushions to the lower part. There are elements for fastening a parachute system (25) in the upper part of the housing. The recording apparatus has a wind parameter measuring device, an atmospheric pressure measuring device with a baroport, air and water temperature sensors, a beacon light, a radar angle reflector, a control module with an optional GPS unit, an information storage unit, a central module with a controller, a wave height and buoy orientation measuring device, a velocity and flow direction sensor, sensors for determining salinity, electroconductivity, turbidity, oxygen content, pH, an oxidation/reduction process controller and a power supply. The power supply has a generator linked to the stabilising device.

EFFECT: high accuracy of measuring hydrometeorological parameters.

4 dwg

Description

The device relates to the field of hydrometeorology and can be used to measure hydrometeorological parameters by means of registration placed on the buoys.

Known devices for measuring hydrometeorological parameters by means of registration placed on buoys [1-4], consist of a hull, a mast with a device for transmitting information via radio and satellite communication channels, a wind parameter meter, atmospheric pressure meter, air temperature sensor, water temperature sensor , a beacon, a radar angle reflector, a control module with an optional GPS unit, an information memory unit, a central module with a controller, a wave height meter and a buoy orientation, speed and direction sensors, sensors for determining salinity, electrical conductivity, turbidity, oxygen content, pH ion content, oxidation / reduction process controller, power source.

A common disadvantage of the known devices for determining the characteristics of sea wind waves is the low structural reliability of both the buoy itself and the measuring instruments and power source, which significantly increases the complexity of using these tools for a long time interval of marine research.

The closest analogue (prototype) of the claimed invention is a device for measuring hydrometeorological parameters by means of registration placed on buoys [5], which consists of a cylindrical body, a mast with a device for transmitting information via radio and satellite communication channels, a wind parameter meter, an atmospheric meter pressure with a pressure port including a separation chamber, a desiccant, a flexible connecting tube, a lockable channel, an air collector, a ball valve placed inside wipe the air intake pipe, air temperature sensor, water temperature sensor, beacon, radar angle reflector, control module with optional GPS unit, information memory unit, central module with controller, buoy height and orientation meter, speed and direction sensor, salinity sensors , electrical conductivity, turbidity, oxygen content, pH ion content, oxidation / reduction process controller, power source, in which, unlike the known analogues [1-4], the buoy's housing is made of reinforced plastic, and the lower part is made in the form of a metal base equipped with a stabilizing device, the upper part of the body is made of foam in the form of a cone extending to the top at an angle of 30 degrees, in the center of which a tube passing through the foam housing is sealed in the upper part of which a water temperature sensor is installed on the traverse, a second air temperature sensor is installed on the mast in a protective shield made of hydrophobic heat-insulating material with a reflective coating and provided with lateral ventilation openings, and the ball valve of the baroport of the atmospheric pressure sensor is made of spheroplastic, the intake pipe is oriented downward by the inlet and there is a narrow channel above the ball valve, the upper surface of the valve fit is molded along the sphere of the same diameter of the lockable channel.

The design differences of the device [5] from its analogues allow to achieve a technical result, which consists in increasing the reliability of measuring hydrometeorological parameters.

However, during long-term temporary studies in marine waters, especially in the conditions of the Arctic seas, the construction of the buoy’s hull, which includes plastic elements along with metal elements, is subject to deformation, which significantly reduces the life of the device. The appearance of deformation introduces additional errors in solving the problem of determining the wave parameters due to the presence of uneven movement of the buoy both in the vertical and horizontal planes, which also negatively affects the normal functioning of the satellite communication channel.

Also a significant disadvantage of the device [5] is its low autonomy, due to the life of the power source.

The problem to which the claimed invention is directed, is to create a device whose design features will improve the accuracy of the measured hydrometeorological parameters and increase the life of the power source.

The essence of the claimed technical solution lies in the fact that the device for measuring hydrometeorological parameters by means of registration placed on buoys [5], which consists of a hull, a mast with a device for transmitting information via radio and satellite channels, a wind parameter meter, an atmospheric pressure meter with a bar port including a separation chamber, a desiccant, a flexible connecting pipe, a lockable channel, an air collector, a ball valve located inside the air intake pipe , an air temperature sensor, a water temperature sensor, a beacon, a radar angle reflector, a control module with an optional GPS unit, an information memory unit, a central module with a controller, a wave height and orientation meter, a speed and direction sensor, salinity and conductivity sensors, turbidity, oxygen content, pH ion content, oxidation / reduction process controller, power source, in which the lower part of the body is made in the form of a metal base, equipped with a stabilizing device, a tube is sealed in the center of the housing, in the upper part of which there is a water temperature sensor installed on the traverse, the second air temperature sensor is mounted on the mast in a protective shield made of a hydrophobic heat-insulating material with a reflective coating and provided with side ventilation holes, and a ball valve baroport of atmospheric pressure sensor is made of spheroplastic, the intake pipe is oriented with the inlet down and inside it above the ball to the narrow channel is located by the valve, the upper surface of the valve fit is molded to a sphere of the same diameter of the lockable channel, the following additions are made: the body is made of all-metal, cigar-shaped, a retractable anchor device is placed in the lower part of the body, the stabilizing device is installed on the upper part of the body and made in the form of wings, articulated with the casing in the upper part by means of hinges, and in the lower part by means of rubber shock absorbers, in the upper part of the casing cients parachute system provided with a power source generator, articulated to the stabilizing device.

Thus, the claimed invention differs from the solution known from the prototype in that the device body is made of all-metal, cigar-shaped, a retractable anchor device is placed in the lower part of the body, and a stabilizing device made in the form of wings articulated with the body in the upper part of the body the upper part by means of hinges, and in the lower part by means of rubber shock absorbers, elements of the parachute system are also placed in the upper part of the body, the power supply is provided with a generator rum articulated with a stabilizing device.

The implementation of the stabilizing device in the form of wings and rubber shock absorbers in combination with a cigar-shaped body ensures the repayment of unwanted hydrometeorological effects. The execution of the housing of the device all-metal allows you to use it repeatedly and eliminate the negative impact of both sea water and external conditions. The execution of the cigar-shaped body allows for uniform oscillations of the device when in the marine environment. The placement of the anchor device in the lower part of the housing helps to keep the buoy in a vertical position and reduce the influence of wind drift and drift from wave currents. The elimination of the negative impact on the device of sea water and external hydrometeorological conditions, as well as ensuring its uniform fluctuations when in the marine environment, provides an increase in the accuracy of measuring hydrometeorological parameters. In addition, the shock absorbers connecting the wings of the stabilizing device with the lower part of the body are made in such a way that when the translational movement is made, the power source generator is started and the batteries of the power source are recharged, thereby increasing its useful life.

Thus, the new distinguishing features of the claimed invention ensure the achievement of a technical result, which consists in increasing the accuracy of measuring hydrometeorological parameters, and a technical result, which consists in increasing the autonomy of the device.

The essence of the proposed technical solution is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1. A flowchart for measuring hydrometeorological parameters, which includes a wind meter 1, atmospheric pressure meter 2 with a pressure port including a separation chamber, a desiccant, a flexible connecting pipe, a lockable channel, an air collector, and a ball valve located inside the air intake pipe; air temperature sensors 3 and 4, water temperature sensor 5, beacon 6, radar angle reflector 7, control module 8 with optional GPS unit, information memory unit 9, central module 10 with controller, wave height and orientation indicator 11 buoy, speed sensor and direction of flow 12, sensors for determining salinity 13, electrical conductivity 14, turbidity 15, oxygen content 16, ion content pH 17, oxidation / reduction process controller 18, power supply 19.

The device and principle of operation of measuring instruments for hydrometeorological parameters (pos.1-18) are similar to the device and principle of operation of measuring instruments for hydrometeorological parameters of the prototype [5].

Figure 2. A device for recording hydrometeorological parameters, where 8 is a control module with an optional GPS unit, 19 is a power source, 20 is a body, 21 is a retractable anchor device, 22 is a stabilizing device made in the form of wings, 23 are hinges, 24 are rubber shock absorbers, 25 - attachment point of the parachute system, 26 - electrochemical disconnector, 27 - timer designed to start the power source 19, 28 - micromotor with gear 29, 30 - antenna of the satellite communication channel of the GPS system.

Figure 3. The action scheme of the parachute system, where 25 is the attachment point of the parachute system to the body of the 20 buoy, 31 is the aircraft, 32 is the exhaust link, 33 is the canopy of the parachute.

Figure 4. The scheme of installation of the buoy on the sea surface, where 20 is the buoy body, 21 is a retractable anchor device, 22 is a stabilizing device, 24 are shock absorbers, 25 is a parachute system mount unit, 30 is an antenna of a GPS satellite channel, 31 is an aircraft, 32 - exhaust link, 33 - canopy of the parachute.

A device for measuring hydrometeorological parameters is installed on the sea surface from an aircraft, which reduces the time required to install many of these devices when performing large-scale studies, for example, during long-term studies of processes at the interface between the atmosphere and the ocean or during survey work during the construction of marine hydraulic structures including offshore gas and oil terminals.

For installation from an aircraft, the device is equipped with a mount unit for the parachute system 25, through which the buoy is launched to the sea surface. In aviation systems for staging a buoy, a parachute is usually forced to be deployed using an exhaust link 32, one end of which is fixed to the aircraft 31 and the other is attached to the bridle of the parachute located in a special chamber. The action diagram of the parachute system is shown in the drawing (figure 3).

After the buoy is brought to the sea surface (Fig. 4), the timer 27 is started at the moment the parachute system attachment unit 25 is triggered. After the timer 27 is started, a control signal is supplied to the power source 19, from which a signal is supplied to the electrochemical disconnector 26, designed to hold the wings of the stabilizing device 22 tightly pressed against the housing 20 and representing a thin wire, which under the action of sea water dissolves and releases the wings of the stabilizing device 22, which open at a distance the attitude corresponding to the length of the rubber shock absorbers 24. After turning on the power source, the signals from the control module 8 signal to the micromotor 28 coupled to the gearbox 29, by means of which the antenna 30 of the satellite communication channel is installed in the working position, and the retractable anchor device 21 is set to a predetermined value deepening. The launch of the measurement of hydrometeorological parameters (figure 1) is carried out according to the commands received via the satellite channel.

The antenna 30 of the GPS satellite communication channel is linearly polarized in the form of an asymmetric half-wave pin vibrator that provides the best energy characteristics of radiation in the region of small angles, taking into account restrictions on the weight and size characteristics and operating conditions of the buoy.

To ensure the required probability of error-free reception of an informational message from a buoy through a translator (spacecraft) to a ground receiving point of at least 0.99 in the conditions of interference fading of the transmitted signal, it is possible to generate packet messages containing a correction code block and a sync block consisting of a sync reamble for a spacecraft (translator) and synchro-preamble for a ground-based reception point, which determines the fact of receiving a packet, clock synchronization and sc GCC current bit-reception reliability. In addition, multiple transmission of packet messages with a duration not exceeding the average duration of time intervals favorable for reception was applied, with independent reception, majority addition of packets and restoration of the transmitted message by a buoy at a ground station.

An estimate of the probability of error-free reception of a 500-bit buoy message taking into account the simulation of the channel transmission coefficient, the operating range of the spacecraft elevation angles and waves at a wind speed of 6 to 10 m / s depending on the radio emission power for code structures differing in a corrective code and transmission ratio batch messages for majority processing and the presence or absence of alternation of symbols of the correction code showed that to achieve the requirements of reliability of reception in the range of spacecraft elevation angles of 15-45 degrees and packet transmission ratio of 5, the longest message transmission time of 21.6 s is achieved using the most effective BCH correction code, and the smallest time of 9.4 s is achieved when using a simple Kasahara code having the highest relative bit rate; the minimum radio emission power, equal to 3.5 W, is achieved using the correcting BCH code, and the highest, equal to 29 W, is achieved using a simple BCH code.

To control the flooding of the sea wave of the antenna 30 and the shading of the spacecraft at low elevation angles and high wave heights, a control unit 8 is provided that includes a current sensor in the circuit of the terminal stage of the power amplifier of the buoy transmitter with an amplitude modulator in two operating modes: high power mode "Used when transmitting a message, and the mode of" low power "used when waiting for favorable conditions for transmission.

In summary, the following can be noted. The stabilizing device, made in the form of wings 22, articulated with the lower part of the body using rubber shock absorbers 24, in combination with a cigar-shaped body provides the repayment of unwanted hydrometeorological effects. In addition, during hydrometeorological impacts on the buoy, the rubber shock absorbers 24 contract and stretch, making a translational motion. Making translational motion, the shock absorbers start the generator of the power source 19, which provides recharging the batteries of the power source 19.

Anchor device 21 is designed to hold the buoy in a vertical position and reduce the influence of wind drift and drift from wave currents.

The execution of the housing 20 of the device all-metal allows you to use it repeatedly and exclude both the negative impact of sea water and the influence of external conditions, which are unstable in marine conditions.

The execution of the casing 20 of the cigar-shaped device allows for uniform oscillations of the device when in sea water.

As the body of the device for measuring hydrometeorological parameters, the shells of aircraft bombs can be used, which can significantly reduce the cost of manufacturing a buoy.

The software for measuring wave parameters makes it possible to determine wave parameters (height, period, frequency, length, speed) with the allocation of the low-frequency part for describing large-scale oscillations of the sea surface, which is further used in the analysis of quasi-mirror reflection of radio waves by the Kirchhoff method and the high-frequency part for describing small-scale oscillations of the sea surface (wind ripple), which will be used later in the analysis of diffuse scattering of radio waves by the perturbation method.

Industrial implementation of the claimed technical solution can be carried out by using commercially available measuring sensors, components and elements, which allows us to conclude that the claimed technical solution meets the patentability condition “industrial applicability”.

Information sources

1. SU 1280321, 12.30.1986;

2. SU 1280320, 12.30.1986;

3. SU 1712784, 02.15.1992;

4. JP 60107490, 06/12/1985;

5. RU 2328757, July 10, 2008.

Claims (1)

A device for measuring hydrometeorological parameters by means of registration placed on buoys, consisting of a hull, a mast with a device for transmitting information via radio and satellite communication channels, a wind parameter meter, an atmospheric pressure meter with a bar port including a separation chamber, a desiccant, and a flexible connecting pipe, lockable channel, air intake, ball valve located inside the intake pipe, air temperature sensor, water temperature sensor, beacon, radar ion angle reflector, control module with optional GPS unit, information memory unit, central module with controller, wave height and buoy orientation meter, speed and direction sensor, salinity, conductivity, turbidity, oxygen, pH ions, process controller oxidation / reduction, a power source in which the lower part of the casing is made in the form of a metal base equipped with a stabilizing device in the center of the casing is hermetically sealed A tube has been installed in the upper part of which a water temperature sensor is installed on the traverse, a second air temperature sensor is mounted on the mast in a protective shield made of a hydrophobic heat-insulating material with a reflective coating and provided with side ventilation holes, and the ball valve of the baroport of the atmospheric pressure sensor is made of spherical plastic, the air intake tube is oriented downward by the inlet and inside it above the ball valve there is a narrow channel, the upper surface of the valve molded over a sphere of the same diameter of the lockable channel, characterized in that the body is made of all-metal, cigar-shaped, in the lower part of which a retractable anchor device is placed, the stabilizing device is installed on the upper part of the body and made in the form of wings articulated with the body in the upper part by hinges, and in the lower part of the case by means of rubber shock absorbers, in the upper part of the case are also placed elements of the parachute system, the power supply is equipped with a generator, articulated m with a stabilizing device.

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