RU2431677C1 - Saturator for beet-sugar production - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry. ^ SUBSTANCE: saturator contains a cone-bottomed cylindrical body equipped with technologic nipples and perforated baffle plates positioned in its lower part, designed in the form of elastic membranes for saturation gas flow dispersion. In the upper part of the cylindrical body a device for juice drops separation from saturation gas is positioned; the device is represented by a conic frustum with longitudinal spiral grooves on the inside surface mounted with its major base to the wall of the cylindrical body to form a cavity for exuded drops collection on the outside. The cavity is communicated with the cylindrical body cavity positioned under the conic frustum. At least four flexible return tubes blanked off on the lower butt are diametrically positioned in the cylindrical body. Along each tube inside the tube wall convergent nozzles are designed for juice supply from the collection cavity onto the inside surface of the cylindrical body and formation of a liquid film on the surface. The spiral grooves have a profile in the form of "swallowtail". The device body in the form of conic frustum for juice drops separation is made of bimetal. The material of the inside surface with spiral grooves has a heat conduction coefficient which is 1.5-2.0 times higher than the heat conduction coefficient of the material of the outside surface. ^ EFFECT: saturation process effectiveness enhancement by way of maintenance of standardised thermophysical parameters of weight transfer on the surface of the conic frustum. ^ 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to sugar production, and in particular to devices for cleaning liquid intermediates, and can be used in the cleaning of diffusion juice and curing of raw sugar in various cleaning schemes for sugar production.

A known saturator for sugar beet production (see RF patent 1787166, IPC C13D 3/04, 1993, BI No. 1), comprising a cylindrical body with a conical bottom, equipped with process pipes and perforated baffles placed in its lower part in the form of elastic membranes for dispersing the flow saturation gas, and a device located in the upper part of the cylindrical body for separating drops of juice from saturation gas, which is a truncated cone with longitudinal helical grooves on the inner surface spine, a large base attached to the wall of the cylindrical body outwardly to form a cavity for collecting the separated droplets, communicating with the cavity of the cylindrical body beneath the truncated cone.

The disadvantage of this saturator is the energy intensity of the saturation process, due to significant heat loss through the vertical wall of the cylindrical body of the saturator, which is caused by the small total thermal resistance of the material of the structure and the boundary layer draining from the truncated juice cone.

A known saturator for beet sugar production (see RF patent 2196830, IPC C13D 3/04, 1993, publ. 20.01.2003), containing a cylindrical body with a conical bottom, equipped with technological pipes and perforated baffles in the form of elastic membranes located in its lower part for dispersing the flow of saturation gas, and located in the upper part of the cylindrical body, a device for separating drops of juice from saturation gas, which is a truncated cone with longitudinal helical grooves on the inner surfaces attached to the wall of the cylindrical body by a large base with the formation of a cavity for collecting droplets outside, in communication with the cavity of the cylindrical body located under the truncated cone, with at least four flexible drain tubes plugged at the bottom end moreover, in the wall of each tube along the length there are narrowing nozzles for supplying juice from the collection cavity to the inner surface of the cylindrical body and the formation of captive Ki fluid.

The disadvantage of this saturator is a decrease in the efficiency of droplet separation by a truncated cone during long-term operation due to the formation of film condensation on the inner surface of the helical grooves, which leads to a decrease in the temperature gradient between the moving vapor-gas stream and the case material of the device for separating juice drops.

The technical task of the invention is the maintenance during long-term operation of normalized thermophysical parameters of mass transfer on the surface of a truncated cone, which ensures the effective separation of drops of juice, i.e. eliminates its non-production losses.

The technical result of maintaining an effective saturation process during long-term operation is achieved by the fact that the saturator comprising a cylindrical body with a conical bottom, equipped with process tubes and perforated baffles located in its lower part in the form of elastic membranes for dispersing the flow of saturation gas, and located in the upper part of the cylindrical case device for separating drops of juice from saturation gas, which is a truncated cone with longitudinal screw different grooves on the inner surface, attached by a large base to the wall of the cylindrical body with the formation of an outside cavity for collecting droplets, in communication with the cavity of the cylindrical body located under the truncated cone, while at least four flexible drain tubes are diametrically located in the cylindrical body, plugged at the bottom, and in the wall of each tube along the length there are narrowing nozzles for supplying juice from the collection cavity to the inner surface of the cylindrical the case and the formation of a liquid film on it, while the longitudinal helical grooves on the inner surface of the device for separating juice drops from a saturation gas, which is a truncated cone, are made with a dovetail profile, and the device case for separating juice drops in the form of a truncated the cone is made of bimetal, and the material of the inner surface with helical grooves has a thermal conductivity coefficient of 1.5-2.0 times higher than the thermal conductivity coefficient of the material of the outer surface .

Figure 1 schematically shows a longitudinal section of the proposed saturator; figure 2 - element of flexible drain tubes with holes in the form of tapering nozzles; figure 3 is a section of a device for separating drops of juice from saturation gas in the form of a truncated cone made of bimetal; figure 4 is a profile of helical grooves with a profile in the form of a "dovetail".

The sugar beet sugar production saturator consists of a vertical cylindrical body 1 with the upper part 2 and a conical bottom 3, a device for separating drops of juice from the saturation gas in the form of a truncated cone 4, hermetically mounted on the inner surface of the cylindrical body 1 in the upper part 2 and forming a cavity with the latter 5, which communicates with the lower part of the cylindrical body 1 by means of at least four diametrically arranged flexible drain pipes 6, the inlet openings of which are located at the lower point of the cavity 5, and the weekend is muffled and located above the upper perforated partition 7 of the annular bubbler 8, mounted under the device for separating drops of juice from saturation gas in the form of a truncated cone 4, pipe 9 for defecated juice installed above the perforated partitions 7 placed the height inside the lower part of the vertical cylindrical body 1 and made in the form of flexible membranes, a pipe 10 for supplying saturation gas, a pipe 11 for removing saturation juice and p tube 12 to reset the steam-gas stream to the atmosphere.

A device for separating drops of juice from a saturation gas in the form of a truncated cone 4 has longitudinal helical grooves 13 on the inner surface, and the ratio between the smaller and larger bases in the truncated cone is in the range 1 / 5-1 / 7, which is determined at known vapor-gas flow rates saturation boilers by changing the density of the vapor-gas flow when moving along a truncated cone.

Flexible drain tubes 6 have openings 14 arranged along them in the form of tapering nozzles with a smaller base 15 and a large base 16.

The housing 17 of the device for separating drops of juice from the saturation gas in the form of a truncated cone 4, forming the cavity 5 outside to collect the released drops, is made of bimetal 18, while the material 19 of the inner surface 20 with helical grooves 13, for example, of brass has a thermal conductivity of 1.5-2.0 times higher than the coefficient of thermal conductivity of the material 21 of the outer surface 22, made, for example, of carbon steel.

A saturator for beet sugar production is as follows.

The defecated juice is piped 9 into the vertical cylindrical body 1 and flows downward in the form of a cascade. Saturation gas through a pipeline 10 enters the lower perforated baffle 7, is evenly distributed over the apparatus section, passes through perforation of elastic membranes, which contribute to its separation into small particles, as a result of which the contact surface of gas and juice increases.

Saturated juice is discharged through line 11, and the exhaust gas in the form of a vapor-gas stream, entraining drops of juice of various dispersion, rises to the upper part 2 of the vertical cylindrical body 1 and then enters the inlet of the device for separating drops of juice from saturation gas in the form of a truncated cone 4. Drops of juice of different dispersion with a vapor stream move in contact with the inner surface of the device for separating drops of juice from saturation gas in the form of a truncated cone 4.

As a result of the reduction in the cross section of the truncated cone 4, the speed of the vapor flow increases, and the juice drops are pushed to its inner wall and fall into the longitudinal helical grooves 13 with a dovetail profile, where, under the influence of the increased hydraulic resistance of the helical grooves, their speed sharply decreases , collide with each other, enlarge, become “condensation nuclei” of the combined-cycle gas flow. The twisting of a denser boundary layer in the longitudinal helical grooves 13 leads to the rotational movement of the entire mass of the vapor-gas stream with droplets of juice of different dispersion in front of the outlet of the device for separating the droplets of juice from the saturation gas in the form of a truncated cone 4. In this case, the swirling process is observed at low speeds of the vapor-gas flow moreover, the higher the density of the treated vapor-gas mixture, the lower the speed the rotational movement of the flow is provided before leaving to separate the juice from dripping carbonation gas frustoconical 4.

The rotational movement of the mass of the vapor-gas stream with drops of juice in front of the outlet of the device for separating drops of juice from the saturation gas in the form of a truncated cone 4 reduces the likelihood of a breakthrough of the part of the gas-vapor stream located in the center of the vertical cylindrical body 1 without treatment. In addition, after exiting the truncated cone 4 from the smaller hole, the gas-vapor flow suddenly expands, which leads to a slight decrease in temperature and an additional separation of the finely dispersed droplets of juice that enter the cavity 5 and, when collected there, flow down the flexible drain tubes 6, and the spent, cleaned from droplets of juice, gas is discharged through the pipe 12 into the atmosphere.

During operation of the saturator, in the cavities of the helical grooves 13 there is always a certain amount of condensed juice condensed from the gas-vapor stream, and as a result the constantly moving gas-vapor stream does not contact the body material 17 of the device for separating juice drops from the saturation gas in the form of a truncated cone 4, and with a condensate film, which is an additional thermal resistance, sharply reducing the process of heat and mass transfer (see, for example, p. 294 Isachenko P.P. and d Thermal Transfer R. M .: Energoizdat, 1981. - 416 p., sludge), the likelihood of breakthrough of finely dispersed droplets of juice through the outlet of the device for separating drops of juice from saturation gas with subsequent release into the atmosphere increases accordingly.

When making the housing 17 of the device for separating drops of juice from saturation gas in the form of a truncated cone 4 from bimetal 18, a gas-vapor stream with fine droplets of juice with a temperature of about 40-50 ° C is in contact with the material 19 of the inner surface 20 and the longitudinal helical grooves 13, while the material 19 is made, for example, of brass with a thermal conductivity

 (see, for example, p. 310 Nashchokin V.V. Technical Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer. - M.: Higher School, 1975. - 496 p., ill.). At the same time, finely dispersed droplets of juice with a lower temperature of 2-3 ° C (Joule-Thomson effect) falling into cavity 5 are in contact with material 21 of the outer surface 22 of the device for separating drops of juice from saturation gas in the form of a truncated cone 4, where they are collected for subsequent runoff through flexible drain tubes 6. In this case, the material 21 is made, for example, of carbon steel with a thermal conductivity

(see ibid.). The obtained temperature gradient for bimetal 18 contributes to the occurrence of thermal vibration (see, for example, Dmitriev V.P. Bimetals. - Perm: Nauka, 1991. - 487 p., Ill.), Which constantly shakes off the condensate films, providing direct contact of the gas-vapor stream with the housing 17 of the device for separating drops of juice.

As a result of the "shaking" of the condensate film from the inner surface of the longitudinal helical grooves 13 in the inner volume of the upper part 2 of the cylindrical body 1, a significant number of juice droplets are additionally formed, which are displaced to the outlet of the truncated cone 4, reducing the overall efficiency of the saturator.

To eliminate this phenomenon, the cavity of the longitudinal helical grooves 13 is made with a dovetail profile. In this case, a saturation gas saturated with fine droplets of juice passes through a narrow slit of the cavity in the form of a “dovetail” and, in contact with the surface of the material 17, condenses into a film with subsequent “shaking” of it into the cavity in the form of a mass of small droplets of juice, which practically it does not fall out of a narrow gap into the inner volume of the upper part 2 of the cylindrical body 1, but “hovers” in a cavity made in the form of a “dovetail”.

As a result of this technical solution, the amount of condensing mass of the vapor-gas mixture of saturation gas increases significantly due to an increase in its contact surface with both juice droplets “floating” in the form of a “dovetail” and directly with the material 19, and not with the condensate film on the surface 20, thereby significantly reducing the likelihood of a leak of finely divided juice droplets through the outlet of the device for separating juice droplets from the saturation gas in the form of a truncated cone four.

The location of the drain tubes 6 diametrically opposite directly on the inner surface of the vertical cylindrical body 1 leads to the fact that under the influence of hydrostatic pressure due to the accumulation of fine droplets of juice due to the muffled lower end, they begin to bend, move, washing the inner surface of the vertical cylindrical body 1 by trickles of juice flowing from the narrowing nozzles 14. As a result, a film of juice is formed, which is an additional term resistance to heat transfer from the internal volume of the saturator to the environment.

In addition, coarse juice droplets collected on the inside of the device for separating juice droplets from the saturation gas in the form of a truncated cone 4 flow down the longitudinal helical grooves 13 to the outlet of the latter, and then flow down, forming also a thin uniform film of juice on the inner surface of a vertical cylindrical body 1. Joint formation of a thermally insulating film with finely dispersed drops collected both on the inner surface of the device for separating juice drops from saturation -gas frustoconical 4 and 5 in the cavity, reduces the heat transfer coefficient through a vertical cylindrical body 1, which reduces heat loss carbonation process. The execution of the tapering nozzles 14 in such a way that the smaller base 15 is in contact with the inner surface, the vertical cylindrical body 1 provides not only the reactive effect of the leaky jet 6, because a smaller base 15 has greater hydraulic resistance than a larger base 16.

With a high degree of foaming of saturation juice, steam is supplied through the annular bubbler 8 to reduce the level of foam.

The originality of the proposed technical solution lies in the fact that a normalized saturation process is ensured during long-term operation by maintaining a constant heat and mass transfer on the device for separating droplets of juice from saturation gas, made in the form of a truncated cone, by making longitudinal helical grooves with a dovetail profile to eliminate the loss of condensed droplets of juice in the upper part of the cylindrical body of the saturator, which were thrown out according to the prototype through the outlet of the truncated cone, and the creation of its thermal vibration, which prevents the formation of a condensate film on the inner surface of the helical grooves, and this ultimately contributes to the effective operation of the saturator for sugar beet production.

Claims (1)

A sugar beet sugar production saturator comprising a cylindrical body with a conical bottom, equipped with process pipes and perforated baffles located in its lower part in the form of elastic membranes for dispersing the saturation gas stream, and a device for separating juice drops from the saturation gas located in the upper part of the cylindrical body, a truncated cone with longitudinal helical grooves on the inner surface, attached by a large base to the walls e of the cylindrical body with the formation of a cavity outside to collect the droplets released, in communication with the cavity of the cylindrical body located under the truncated cone, while in the cylindrical body there are at least four flexible drain tubes plugged at the bottom end, and in the wall of each tube tapered nozzles are made along the length for supplying juice from the collection cavity to the inner surface of the cylindrical body and forming a liquid film on it, characterized in that the longitudinal rotor the azure grooves on the inner surface of the device for separating drops of juice from saturation gas, which are a truncated cone, are made with a dovetail profile, and the truncated cone body is made of bimetal, and the material of the inner surface with helical grooves has a thermal conductivity of 1, 5-2.0 times higher than the coefficient of thermal conductivity of the material of the outer surface.

Images