RU2429711C1 - Method of barothermal treatment of concentrated fodders - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method includes dosed addition of fodders, liquid additives, water, steam, conditioning and mixing. Loaded raw materials are mechanically loosened, sent for mixing and conditioning, continuously displaced, a discharge flow is shaped and forcedly removed. At the same time the treatment is carried out at the temperature of 100° - 300°C and pressure of 6-8 MPa, and the treatment time is within the limits of 30-120 sec.

EFFECT: invention realisation makes it possible to accelerate the process of thermal treatment and to reduce treatment time several times with preservation of thermolabile biologically active substances, to clean fodder from salmonella, pathogenic bacteria, fungi and mold.

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Description

The invention relates to methods for barothermic processing of concentrated feed and can be used on livestock farms and on-farm feed mills.

A known method of thermal disinfection of bulk feed (US Pat. RU No. 2231364, A23N 17/00, 05/10/2004), including heating, steaming, drying, cooling and homogenization of bulk feed, the process is carried out in two stages: the first is high-temperature ( up to 110 ° C), and the second is low temperature (air cooling to ambient temperature).

The cyclic low-temperature processing of compound feeds is extensive, the installation is inefficient and this method allows a significant emission of heat into the atmosphere.

A known method of steaming grain, carried out in the apparatus (A.S. SU No. 1161071, A23N 17/00, 06/15/1985), including steaming grain using vibration, the vibrations from which are transmitted through the petals mounted on the rods directly to the grain mass .

This method does not allow you to adjust the time and temperature of the processed grain, which under the influence of its own weight rapidly moves down, and the process of falling is accelerated by the action of constantly vibrating petals on the grain mass.

The closest in technical essence to the present invention relates to a method for the preparation of expanded feed (Pat. RU No. 2262243, A23K 1/14, 10/20/2005) - taken as a prototype, which includes the dosed input of granular components, liquid additives, water / or steam, mixing and conditioning in portions in the fluidized bed, followed by a portion of the mixture in the feeder-curer, while the mixing and conditioning time is 4 minutes, and the exposure time in the curer is 6 minutes.

In this method, heat treatment is performed in batches, at low temperatures using low-productivity equipment and also with heat loss to the atmosphere.

All of the above methods have limited technological capabilities, i.e. designed for cyclic operation, extensive processing of raw materials at low temperatures and overpressure of not more than 0.1 MPa.

The technical task of the invention is to eliminate the above disadvantages, accelerate the heat treatment process and reduce the processing time by several times (exposure), under this condition, thermolabile biologically active substances (vitamins, hormones, growth stimulants, enzymes, etc.) are preserved, as a result of the transfer of the process barothermal processing of concentrated feed in intensive mode: mechanical loosening of the loaded compressed raw materials with simultaneous homogenization, then intensive mixing, with simultaneous movement and further forced unloading, at high temperature and pressure.

The technical problem posed by the invention is achieved in that the feedstock is mechanically loosened, transferred to mixing and conditioning, constantly moved, an unloading stream is formed and forced to be removed, while the treatment is carried out at a temperature of 100-300 ° C, a pressure of 6-8 MPa, and the processing time is within 30-120 seconds.

Loosening of the feedstock is necessary (since the pressure in the reactor vessel is high, the feedstock must be compacted during loading otherwise, if it is in a loose state, it will not enter the reactor) to obtain uniform processing. The constant movement of the processed material during mixing and conditioning allows for constant and uniform steaming of the entire mass (each of its particles) and at the same time move it towards the discharge side. The formation of the unloading stream and its forced unloading allow avoiding congestion and evenly forcibly unload the treated mass with a continuous stream. The use of a high temperature of 100-300 ° С and a pressure of 6-8 MPa during barothermic treatment allows reducing the residence time of the processed material under these conditions to 30-120 sec, while maintaining thermolabile biologically active substances and, in turn, accelerating the process itself.

The essence of the invention is illustrated in the drawing, which schematically shows a reactor for barothermic processing of concentrated feed, with which the proposed method is carried out.

The reactor consists of a housing 1 with loading 2 and unloading 3 necks, in which a working element is installed, including a shaft 4 with rectangular blades 5 mounted on it, located at an angle (α) in a radial plane along a helical line along shaft 4 with a step S, having the relation to the projection of the plane B in the plane of rotation (S: B), equal to 1 ... 3, while at one end of the shaft 4 of the working body, opposite the loading neck 2, a loading device is installed made in the form of trapezium-shaped blades 6, the larger base of whichequal to the width of the loading neck 2, installed at an angle (α) to the axis of the shaft 4 and equipped with elastic combing elements 7, and at the other end of the shaft 4 of the working body, opposite the unloading neck 3, an unloading device is made in the form of trapezium-shaped blades 8 , the larger base of which is equal to the width of the discharge neck 3, installed at an angle (α) to the axis of the shaft 4 of the working body in the direction opposite to the blades 6 of the loading device and equipped with elastic combing elements 9. Providing moisture of the processed feed is carried out automatically by the supply of water and steam. Also, the barothermic processing reactor of concentrated feeds is equipped with pressure sensors 10 and temperature 11.

The proposed method for barothermic treatment of concentrated feed is as follows. Steam and water are supplied to the reactor vessel 1, pressure sensors 10 and temperature 11 are turned on. The shaft 4 of the working body is set in motion with the loading device mounted on it, made in the form of blades 6, equipped with elastic combing elements 7, rectangular blades 5 of the working body and unloading a device made in the form of blades 8 equipped with elastic combing elements 9. Compound feed is forcibly, in a compressed form, fed into the loading neck 2 of the housing 1, where the rotating loading is adapted e, located under the loading neck, elastic combing elements 7 of the blades 6, installed at an angle (α) to the axis of the shaft of the working body, loosens the layer of raw materials, and the plane of the blades 6 move it towards the rectangular blades 5, also installed at an angle (α) in radial plane along a helical line along the shaft of the working body, which mix the processed mass, providing constant and uniform steaming of the whole mass (each of its particles), and at the same time move it to the unloading device located opposite the unloading mouth 3 which elastic members 9 schesyvayuschimi blades 8, mounted at an angle (α) to the axis of the shaft and in a direction opposite to the loading device 6 blades creates unloading stream and removes the finished treated mass. According to the readings of the pressure sensors 10 and temperature 11, the flow of steam and water is regulated, and the barothermic treatment time specified by the technological process depending on the concentrated feed supplied to the processing is controlled by the rotational speed of the shaft 4 of the working body.

Using this method of barothermal processing of concentrated feeds allows to achieve a deep dextrinization of starch, as a condition for its transition to easily digestible polysaccharides, while the degree of dextrinization of starch at a temperature of 100 ° C reaches 30%, at 120 ° C - 60%, and at 180 ° C - 90 % Also, short but intense effects of heat, moisture and high pressure (6-8 MPa) purify concentrated feed from salmonella, pathogenic bacteria, fungi and mold, and processing time at high temperature (100-300 ° C) is reduced several times (exposure 30-120 sec), which allows you to speed up the heat treatment process while preserving vitamins (V.A. Afanasyev, “Theory and Practice of Special Processing of Grain Components in Combined Feed Technology”, Voronezh, Voronezh State University, 2002, pp. 31-40 , 231-236).

Claims (1)

The method of barothermal treatment of concentrated feed, including the dosed input of feed, liquid additives, water, steam, conditioning and mixing, characterized in that the feedstock is mechanically loosened, transferred to mixing and conditioning, constantly moving, forming an unloading stream and forcibly removed, while processing carried out at a temperature of 100-300 ° C and a pressure of 6-8 MPa, and the processing time is in the range of 30-120 s.

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