RU2427923C1 - Method of identifying vehicle and parts thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to prevention of unauthorised use of vehicles through identification of encoded vehicles. The disclosed method is characterised by that electronic identifiers are mounted on the vehicle and its parts. Operation of the electronic identifier is based on three physical processes: conversion of an input electromagnetic signal into an acoustic wave, propagation of the acoustic wave along the surface of an acoustic line and conversion of the surface acoustic wave (SAW) back to an electromagnetic encoded signal. Forward and reverse conversion of the SAW is carried out using an interdigital transducer whose operation is based on that, space and time varying electric fields created in the piezoelectric crystal of a system of electrodes give rise to elastic deformations due to the piezoelectric effect, which propagate in the crystal in form of SAW. The centre frequency and transmission band of the interdigital transducer are determined by the spacing of the electrodes and their number. Traffic controllers are provided with readers, make the route chart of the positions of electronic identifiers on parts of the vehicle, enter information on the route chart into a manufacturer's data base, traffic controller data base and the registration document of the vehicle owner. Radio channels and phase-shift keyed radio channels are used when identifying a vehicle and its parts.

EFFECT: method is characterised by high reliability and provides high speed of identifying a vehicle and its parts.

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Description

The proposed method relates to the automotive industry, and in particular to methods that prevent the unauthorized use of vehicles by ensuring the identification of encoded vehicles.

Known methods for identifying vehicles (ed. Certificate of the USSR No. 1516415; RF patents No. 2034726, 2118851, 2235369, 2280573; US patents No. 6149204, 6415536; French patents No. 2663892, 2663893, 2723899; German patent No. 3922606; patents Japan No. 52-035040, 2001-097251: Ilyukhin R. Anti-theft marking. - At the wheel, No. 12, 1992, p.16, etc.).

Of the known methods closest to the proposed one is the "Method for identifying a vehicle and its parts" (RF patent No. 2034726, B60R 25/00, 1994), which is selected as a prototype.

A feature of the known method is the provision of special marking by applying a visible and invisible image of an alphanumeric code on the main parts and components of the car, on their specific places in accordance with a pre-compiled route map, entering the code of the encoded means and the route map cipher into the manufacturer and road data banks -control services and issuing to the owner of a coupon (official document) that his car is encoded in accordance with a pre-compiled route Noah card. In addition, this coupon is filled with information about the manufacturing technology and the application of a code that can be used to identify vehicles.

Another feature according to the known method provides the opportunity for the owner to independently determine the additional code and the place of its installation, information about which is also entered into the data bank.

The disadvantages of this method are the low degree of reliability of establishing the fact of unauthorized use of a coded vehicle and its parts due to the availability of information about places and placement to an indefinite number of people, the fame of information on the manufacturing technology of these codes, as well as the low efficiency of actions aimed at detecting a vehicle and its parts .

An object of the invention is to increase the reliability and speed when determining the ownership of the tested vehicle and its parts by using electronic identifiers and radio channels.

The problem is solved in that the method of identification of the vehicle and its parts, which consists in accordance with the closest analogue in that they bear signs in the form of an alphanumeric identification code of the visible image on the glass surfaces of the vehicle, at least on the windshield, rear and side windows, headlight glasses and taillights, apply the same invisible image signs to the interior and the battery, remember these signs, compose a route location map on the vehicle’s parts an identification code, enter information about this code and the route map into the manufacturer’s data bank and the road control services data bank, and the vehicle owner is issued a registered document indicating the availability of the identification code on his vehicle and its parts and about the identifier of the route card, when identifying the vehicle and its parts according to the registration document of the vehicle owner, determine the identifier in the manufacturer's database the identification code and the route map of its location on the vehicle parts, according to these data, after confirming them with information from the data bank of the road control services, the latter carry out their comparison with the codes of the tested vehicle in accordance with the route map of their location, according to the results of the comparison of codes and their places locations judge the ownership of the vehicle being tested and its parts, differs from the closest analogue in that it is placed on the vehicle and its parts electronic identifiers, which are used as a piezocrystal with an aluminum interdigital transducer deposited on its surface, the structure of which corresponds to the vehicle identification code associated with a microstrip antenna, and a set of reflectors, and road control services provide readers, make up a route map of the location on parts vehicle of electronic identifiers, enter information about the route map into the manufacturer's data bank, road data bank control services and in the registered document of the vehicle owner, when identifying the vehicle and its parts, the reader is irradiated with electronic identifiers in accordance with the route map with harmonic oscillations of the carrier frequency ω ₁ , received on electronic identifiers, converted into an acoustic wave, ensure its propagation over the surface of the piezocrystal and back reflection, convert the reflected acoustic wave again into an electromagnetic signal with phase shift keying, inside the track structure of which corresponds to the structure of the interdigital transducer, re-emit it on the air, receive by the reader of the road control service, amplify in amplitude, synchronously detect at frequency ω ₁ , select the first low-frequency voltage corresponding to the electronic identifier code and its location on the vehicle, hold it for a time equal to the duration of the electronic identifier code, sum it with the reader code, double the phase of harmonic oscillation, output lyayut harmonic oscillation of the carrier frequency ω ₂ = 2ω _1, manipulate its phase total code, increase in power generated complex signal with phase shift keying at the frequency ω ₂ radiate in ether, take manufacturer apparatus, increase in amplitude is multiplied with the reference voltage, isolated the second low-frequency voltage is proportional to the total modulating code, multiply it with the received signal, emit harmonic oscillation and use it as a reference voltage, determine in the data bank and the manufacturer’s identification code and a route map of its location on the vehicle parts, according to these data, they are compared with the codes of the vehicle being checked in accordance with the route map of their location, according to the results of the comparison of codes and their locations, they judge the ownership of the vehicle being tested and its parts.

In one embodiment, the codes are located on the following parts of the vehicle: windshield 1, front lights 2, rear glass 3, rear lights 4, side windows (lowering) 5, headliner 6, steering column 7, driver's seat 8 (FIG. .1, 2, 3 and 4). The functional diagram of the electronic identifier is presented in figure 5. The structural diagram of the reader is presented in Fig.6. The structural diagram of the equipment of the manufacturer is presented in Fig.7. Timing diagrams explaining the operation of the method are shown in Fig. 8.

The electronic identifier is made in the form of a piezocrystal 9 with an aluminum thin-film interdigital transducer (IDT) deposited on its surface connected to a microstrip antenna 10 and a set of reflectors 14. The IDT of surface acoustic waves (SAW) contains two comb systems of electrodes 11, buses 12 and 13 that connect the electrodes of each of the combs to each other. Tires 12 and 13, in turn, are connected to the microstrip antenna 10.

The reader 15 is made in the form of series-connected master oscillator 16, circulator 17, the input-output of which is connected to the transceiver antenna 18, the first power amplifier 19, a phase detector 20, the second input of which is connected to the output of the master oscillator 16, delay line 21, adder 23, the second input of which is connected to the output of the pseudo-random sequence generator (PSP) 22, the phase manipulator 26 and the second power amplifier 27, the output of which is connected to the second input of the circulator 17. To the output of the master oscillator 16 a multiplier 24 is connected, the second input of which is connected to the output of the master oscillator 16, and a narrow-band filter 25, the output of which is connected to the second input of the phase manipulator 26.

The manufacturer’s equipment 28 is made in the form of a series-connected receiving antenna 29, a high-frequency amplifier 30, a first multiplier 32, the second input of which is connected to the output of a low-pass filter 35, a narrow-band filter 34, and a second multiplier 33, the second input of which is connected to the output of a high-frequency amplifier 30 , a low-pass filter 35, a code comparison unit 36, the second input of which is connected to the output of the memory unit 37, and the registration unit 38.

Multipliers 32 and 33, a narrow-band filter 34, and a low-pass filter 35 form a demodulator 31 of phase-shift keyed (PSK) signals.

A method for identifying a vehicle and its parts is implemented as follows.

Determine the list of encoded parts of the vehicle, coordinating this list with its owner. The list of vehicle parts is divided into a mandatory combination and an additional one, forming the individual wishes of the owner.

As a mandatory combination of the encoded parts of the vehicle, the application of the code of the visible image on the glazing of the car, the invisible image of the code on the decorative parts of the cabin and the placement of electronic identifiers on the most important units of the car are accepted.

Additionally, it is possible to set the code on reflectors, direction indicators, taillights, battery and radio equipment. In addition, an information plate (sticker) on the presence of an identification code is glued to the glazing in a conspicuous place.

There can be several such labels, for example on the front and rear windows. To ensure the speed of checking the vehicle in the absence of its owner, the plate has a registration number corresponding to the number of the document of the owner.

Codes of visible and invisible images are applied in strict accordance with the particular technology selected.

The technology for the manufacture and application of the code (including geometric parameters, image depth, type of font) is negotiated with the owner, thereby increasing the degree of security, as well as the reliability of identification, since in controversial cases of identification of parts of the vehicle, it is possible to compare the production of codes on the vehicle being tested with manufacturer's technology information. In one embodiment of the method, the visible image of the code is performed by a sandblasting method on a stencil located on the surface of the encoded part of the car, and the invisible image is applied in cryptography, for example, invisible inks of various colors reproduced in the light of ultraviolet rays.

The manufacture of an interdigital transducer (IDT) of surface acoustic waves (SAW) is carried out by the standard method of photolithography and etching of a thin metal film deposited on a piezoelectric crystal. The capabilities of modern photolithography make it possible to create IDTs operating at frequencies up to 3 GHz.

The main characteristics of an electronic identifier include the following:

- The main frequency range is 900-920 MHz;

- range - tens of meters;

- the number of code combinations - 2 ³² ... 2 ¹²⁸ ;

- type of emitted signal - harmonic oscillation;

- type of reflected (re-emitted) signal - a complex signal with phase shift keying;

- dimensions - 8 × 15 × 5 mm;

- service life - at least 20 years;

- power consumption - 0 watts.

The work of the electronic identifier is based on three physical processes:

- conversion of the input electromagnetic signal into an acoustic wave;

- propagation of an acoustic wave along the surface of the sound duct;

- the inverse transformation of the surface acoustic wave into an electromagnetic encoded signal.

For direct and reverse surfactant conversion, an interdigital transducer is used, the operation of which is based on the fact that the electric fields in space and time created by a system of electrodes in a piezoelectric crystal cause elastic strains due to the piezoelectric effect, which propagate in the crystal as a surfactant. The center frequency and bandwidth of the IDT are determined by the placement of the electrodes 11 and their number.

After that, a route map of the location of the identification code on the vehicle’s parts is drawn up, it is carried out in accordance with the selected technology for manufacturing and applying the code in places determined by the route map, and electronic identifiers are distinguished in accordance with the route map. Enter information about the code, electronic identifiers and route maps, according to which these codes and electronic identifiers are located on certain parts of the car, are entered into the data banks of the manufacturer and the road control services (for example, the traffic police), and the owner is issued a document registered under a specific number, which indicates information that his car is encoded, as well as other information, in particular on the code of route maps, on manufacturing technology and on the availability of additional codes affixed to request of the owner, and other registration information about the car and its owner.

In principle, the operations indicated above can also be carried out in the factory.

In case of loss of the car or its parts according to the data of the car owner, given in the documents, in particular by number, the identification code, the route map of its placement and the route map of the placement of electronic identifiers are determined in the manufacturer's data bank. Then, having confirmed this data with information from the traffic police data bank, the services of the latter search for the missing car and its parts with the subsequent identification of codes. To do this, in accordance with route maps, the traffic police authorities identify the location of identification codes and electronic identifiers on the corresponding parts of the vehicle being checked, compare them with each other, and the codes of the invisible image are subjected to preliminary irradiation with ultraviolet rays.

When the reader 15 is turned on by the master oscillator 16, a high-frequency oscillation is generated (Fig. 8a)

U ₁ (t) = V ₁ · cos (ω ₁ t + φ ₁ ), 0≤t≤T ₁ ,

where V ₁ , ω ₁ , φ ₁ , T ₁ is the amplitude, carrier frequency, initial phase and duration of the high-frequency oscillation, which through the circulator 17 enters the antenna 18, is radiated by it into the air and irradiates the electronic identifier. The high-frequency harmonic oscillation U ₁ (t ₁ ) is captured by the microstrip antenna 10, converted by the interdigital transducer tuned to the frequency ω ₁ , into an acoustic wave that propagates along the surface of the piezoelectric crystal 9, is reflected from the set of reflectors 14, and again converted into an electromagnetic signal with a phase manipulation (FMN) (pigv)

U ₂ (t) = V ₂ · cos (ω ₁ t + φк ₁ (t) + φ ₁ ), 0≤t≤T ₁ ,

where φ _K1 (t) = {0, π} is the manipulated phase component that displays the phase manipulation law in accordance with the modulating code M ₁ (t) (Fig. 8b), which displays the vehicle identification code and the location of the electronic identifier on the vehicle, with φ _K1 (t) = coust at Kτ _e <t <(K + 1) τ _e and can change stepwise at t = Kτ _e , i.e. at the boundaries between elementary premises (K = 1, 2, ..., N ₁ ]), τ _e , N ₁ - the duration and number of elementary premises from which the signal of duration T ₁ is composed (T ₁ = N ₁ · τ _e ).

In this case, the internal structure of the formed complex FMN signal is determined by the topology of the interdigital transducer, has an individual character and contains information about the vehicle identification code and the location of the electronic identifier on the vehicle.

The generated complex FMN signal U ₂ (t) (Fig. 8c) is radiated by the microstrip antenna 10, captured by the transceiver antenna 18 of the reader 15 of the road monitoring service, and through the first amplifier 19, the power is supplied to the first (information) input of the phase detector 20, at the second (reference) input of which a high-frequency oscillation U ₁ (t) is supplied from the output of the master oscillator 16. The first low-frequency voltage is generated at the output of the phase detector 20 (Fig. 8g)

Un ₁ (t) = Vn ₁ · cosφk ₁ (t), 0≤t≤T ₁ ,

where Vн ₁ = 1 / 2V ₂ · V ₁ ,

proportional to the modulated code M ₁ (t) (Fig.8b), which is input to the delay line 21, the delay time τ _{s of} which is chosen equal to the duration τ _{1 of the} modulating code M ₁ (t). The delayed code M ₁ (t-τ ₁ ) is supplied to the first input of the adder 23, to the second input of which a modulating code M ₂ (t) is displayed, which displays the identification number of the reader 15. A total code M _Σ (t) is generated at the output of the adder (Fig. 8th)

M _Σ (t) = M ₂ (t) + M ₁ (t-τ ₁ ),

which is fed to the first input of the phase manipulator 26.

High-frequency oscillation U ₁ (t) from the output of the master oscillator 16 is fed to two inputs of the multiplier 24, at the output of which a harmonic oscillation is generated (Fig.8d)

U ₃ (t) = V ₃ · cos (ω ₂ t + φ ₂ ), 0≤t≤T ₁ ,

where U ₃ = 1 / 2V ₁ ² ; ω ₂ = 2ω ₁ ; φ ₂ -2φ ₁ ,

which is allocated by a narrow-band filter 25 and fed to the second input of the phase manipulator 26. At the output of the latter, a complex signal with phase shift keying (PSK) is generated (Fig. 8g)

U ₄ (t) = V ₄ cos (ω ₂ t + φк ₂ (t) + φ ₂ ), 0≤t≤T ₁ ,

where φк ₂ (t) = {0, π} is the manipulating component of the phase, which displays the law of phase manipulation in accordance with the total modulating code M _Σ (t) (Fig. 8, e),

which through the second power amplifier 27 and the circulator 17 enters the transceiver antenna 18, is radiated by it, is captured by the receiving antenna 29 of the manufacturer’s equipment 28 and through the high-frequency amplifier 30 is supplied to the first outputs of the multipliers 32 and 33. The reference signal is transmitted to the second input of the second multiplier 33 voltage (figs)

U ₀ (t) = V ₀ · cos (ω ₂ t + φ ₂ ), 0≤t≤T ₁ ,

from the output of the narrow-band filter 34. At the output of the multiplier 33, a second low-frequency voltage is generated (Fig. 8i).

Un ₂ (t) = Vn ₂ · cosωk ₂ t, 0≤t≤T ₁ ,

where Un ₂ = 1 / 2V ₄ · V ₆ ,

proportional to the total modulating code M _Σ (t) (Fig.8e), which is fed to the second input of the first multiplier 32. At the output of the multiplier 32, a voltage is generated

U ₀ (t) = V ₅ · cos (ω ₂ t + φ ₂ ) + V ₅ · cos (ω ₂ t + 2φк ₂ (t) + φ ₂ = V ₅ · cos (ω ₂ t + φ)

= V ₀ cos (ω ₂ t + φ ₂ ),

where V ₅ = 1 / 2V ₄ · Vn ₂ ;

which is used as the reference voltage, is allocated by a narrow-band filter 34 and is supplied to the second input of the second multiplier 33.

Multipliers 32 and 33, a narrow-band filter 34 and a low-pass filter 35 form a demodulator of FMN signals, which extracts the reference voltage necessary for synchronous detection of FMN signals directly from the received FMN signal. Moreover, the indicated demodulator of FMN signals is free from the phenomenon of “reverse operation” inherent in the known demodulators of FMN signals (Pistolkors A. A., Siforov V. N., Travina G. A., Kostas D. F.).

The low-frequency voltage Un ₂ (t) from the output of the low-pass filter 35 is supplied to the first input of the code comparison unit 36, to the second input of which previously recorded codes from the output of the memory unit 37 are supplied. By comparing the codes and their locations, they judge the ownership of the vehicle being checked and its parts. These results are recorded by block 38 registration.

The identification code consists of 8-14 symbols in the form of an encoded combination of numbers and letters, identifying the make and type of car, the number of the chassis or body, engine, registration number and year of manufacture, the last seven code symbols are made in numbers, and before and after the code are shown curly elements: asterisk, dot, rhombus, etc., preventing the fake code by introducing additional letters and / or numbers.

Visible codes are performed in accordance with existing technology with a designation height of 5-8 mm, a width of 2-5 mm, and a depth of application of 0.3-1.0 mm. The geometric parameters of the code symbols also serve as a verification factor in the identification of vehicles and their parts.

In order to limit the encoded parts of the car to a reasonable limit, while ensuring the maximum degree of protection, details of the code are precisely specified in the route map, deviations from which may indicate a fake. For example, on the outer surface of the front and rear windows, the visible code can be applied horizontally, along the lower edge of the glass at a height of about 20 mm from its lower seals, on the windshield on the right side when viewed from the inside of the passenger compartment opposite the passenger seat, on the rear window of the left side in lower back corner or at an angle to the seal.

Thus, the proposed method in comparison with the prototype and other technical solutions for a similar purpose provides increased reliability and speed when determining the ownership of the vehicle being tested. This is achieved using electronic identifiers, radio channels and complex signals with phase shift keying.

The main feature of electronic identifiers is the small size and lack of power sources, as well as resistance to thermal and mechanical influences.

Complex FMN signals have energetic and structural secrecy.

The energy secrecy of the FMN signals is due to their high compressibility in time or in the spectrum with optimal processing, which reduces the instantaneous radiated power. As a result, a complex PSK signal at the receiving point may be masked by noise and interference. Moreover, the energy of a complex FMN signal is by no means small; it is simply distributed over the time-frequency domain so that at each point of this region the signal power is less than the power of noise and interference.

The structural secrecy of the FMN signals is caused by a wide variety of their forms and significant ranges of parameter values, which makes it difficult to optimize or at least quasi-optimal processing complex FMN signals of an a priori unknown structure in order to increase the sensitivity of the receiving device.

Complex FMN signals make it possible to apply a new type of selection - structural selection. This means that there is a new opportunity to distinguish these signals from other signals and interference operating in the same frequency band and at the same time intervals. The use of radio channels provides increased efficiency in determining the ownership of the vehicle being tested.

Claims (1)

A method for identifying a vehicle and its parts, which consists in applying signs in the form of an alphanumeric identification code of a visible image on the glass surfaces of the vehicle, at least on the windshield, rear and side windows, front headlights and taillights, put the same signs of the invisible image on the decorative parts of the cabin and the battery, remember these signs, make a route map of the location on the parts of the vehicle identification code, enter Information about this code and the route map to the manufacturer's data bank and the road control services data bank, and the vehicle owner is issued a registered document with information about the presence of an identification code on his vehicle and its parts and about the route card code when identifying the vehicle and its parts, according to the registration document of the vehicle owner, determine the identification code and the route map of its location on the parts of the trans tailor’s means, according to these data, after confirming them with information from the data bank of the road control services, the latter compare them with the codes of the checked vehicle in accordance with the route map of their location, according to the results of comparing the codes and their locations, they judge the ownership of the checked vehicle and its parts, characterized in that on the vehicle and its parts are placed electronic identifiers, which are used as a piezoelectric crystal deposited on its surface is an aluminum interdigital transducer, the structure of which corresponds to the vehicle identification code associated with a microstrip antenna and a set of reflectors, and the road control services provide readers, make a route map of the location of electronic identifiers on the vehicle parts, enter information about the route map in manufacturer's databank, data bank of road control services and in the registered document of the vehicle owner, etc. identifying the vehicle and its parts irradiated reader electronic identifiers in accordance with the routing map harmonic oscillation of the carrier frequency ω _1, take it to the electronic identifiers are converted into an acoustic wave, ensure its spread over the surface of the piezoelectric crystal and back reflection is converted reflected acoustic wave back to the solenoid signal with phase shift keying, the internal structure of which corresponds to the structure of the interdigital converter , re-emit it on the air, receive by the reader of the road control service, amplify in amplitude, perform synchronous detection at the frequency ω ₁ , isolate the first low-frequency voltage corresponding to the code of the electronic identifier and its location on the vehicle, hold it for a time equal to the duration of the code of the electronic identifier is added to the code reader, dual phase harmonic vibrations are isolated harmonic oscillation of the carrier frequency ω ₁ = 2ω _2, manipulate it by the total phase code, increase in power generated complex signal with phase shift keying at the frequency ω ₂ radiate in ether, take manufacturer apparatus, increase in amplitude is multiplied with the reference voltage, allocate the second low-frequency voltage proportional to the total modulating code, multiply it with the received signal, separated harmonic oscillation and use it as a reference voltage, determine the identification code and a route map of its location on the transport parts in the manufacturer's database rtnogo funds from these data is carried out comparison of them with the code inspected the vehicle in accordance with the route map of their location, according to the results of comparison and locations judge accessories inspected the vehicle and its parts.

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