RU2426600C1 - Cyclone - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention is intended for separating gases from dust in the field of centrifugal forces and electric interaction forces and may be used in chemical, petrochemical, metallurgical industries, etc. Cyclone comprises vertical cylindrical casing with taper bottom provided with dust discharge branch pipe, dusty flow feed branch pipe arranged tangentially to casing, cover, exhaust pipe with its top made up of entrapped dust collector equipped with purifying gas feed branch pipe and cleaned gas separation branch pipe, electric filter made up of vaned drum. Every vane represents frame with corona-forming and precipitation electrodes arranged serially. Said drum houses also rapping mechanism made up of mechanical hammer secured on dust collector inner side to shut of gas flow.

EFFECT: efficient separation of gas flow.

2 dwg

Description

The invention is intended for the purification of gases from dust in the field of action of centrifugal forces and forces of electrical interaction, can be used in chemical, petrochemical, metallurgical, fuel and energy and other industries.

The problem in cleaning flue gases from dispersed dust particles is to protect the environment from pollution by dust particles. Known cyclones that solve this problem make it possible to clean flue gases of large and medium dispersed particles, but they do not capture particles of a fine dispersed phase and harmful emission components.

Known cyclone TsN-15 [Kasatkin A.G. "Basic processes and apparatuses of chemical technology". Publishing house 8, re., M .: Chemistry, 1971, 241]. The cyclone contains a cylindrical body with a tangential inlet pipe and a conical bottom, an axial exhaust pipe, a dust bin.

The cyclone works as follows: the dust and gas flow through a fitting installed tangentially to the cyclone body enters. The dusty gas stream passes around the circumference around the exhaust pipe and moves spirally downward, ensuring the separation of large particles of the dispersed phase from the dispersion medium (gas). In the lower part of the body, the flow loses speed and changes its direction, as a result of which suspended particles fall out. The purified gases move in an upward spiral towards the exhaust pipe, through which they are discharged from the cyclone. The removal of trapped particles occurs through the fitting.

Known cyclone allows you to remove large and medium dispersed particles from a dusty gas stream.

A disadvantage of the known cyclone is its low efficiency in the purification of a dusty gas stream from particles of a fine dispersed phase due to their insufficient mass.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed solution is a cyclone [RF patent No. 2331481, B04C 9/00, publ. 08/20/2008].

The cyclone consists of a vertical cylindrical body with a conical bottom and a cover, an inlet pipe mounted tangentially in the upper part of the body, an exhaust pipe mounted axisymmetrically with a cylindrical body on the cover, a pipe for removing dust collected in the lower part of the conical bottom, an electrostatic precipitator consisting of a precipitation electrode , which is a continuation of the exhaust pipe, mounted on a ring of dielectric material mounted with the possibility of free vertical movement, pr and connected to the shaking mechanism, and a corona electrode mounted axisymmetrically with a tubular precipitation electrode.

The cyclone works as follows. A high voltage is applied to the tubular precipitation and corona electrode, forming a corona discharge in the gap between these electrodes.

Purified or flue gas enters the inlet pipe. Since the inlet pipe is installed tangentially in the upper part of the vertical body, the cleaned air swirls in the gap between the vertical cylindrical body and the outer wall of the exhaust pipe. Under the action of centrifugal force, large and medium particles and droplets of dispersed fractions are thrown to the wall of the vertical cylindrical body and are lowered down to the conical bottom to the nozzle for removal of trapped dust.

Thus purified air or flue gas with particles or droplets of a fine dispersed fraction rises up between the wall of the tubular precipitation electrode and the corona electrode. The electrons and ions of the gas stream formed in the corona discharge collide with particles and droplets of a fine dispersed fraction, charge them and force them to settle on a tubular precipitation electrode under the influence of an electric field.

After the accumulation of trapped particles and droplets of the fine dispersed fraction on the tubular precipitation electrode and large and medium particles and droplets of the dispersed fraction in the conical bottom, the supply of cleaned air or flue gas to the inlet pipe is stopped, the lid of the pipe to remove trapped dust is opened and particles of large and medium fractions are removed trapped in a cylindrical body and its conical part in a separate container. Then include a shaking mechanism that transmits vibrations along the rod to the tubular precipitation electrode. Under the influence of these vibrations, the trapped particles and droplets of the fine dispersed fraction are discharged from the wall of the tubular precipitation electrode into the conical bottom to the dust collection pipe, and all trapped particles and droplets of the fine dispersed fraction are removed from the conical bottom to another container.

The cyclone allows you to remove large, medium and small dispersed particles from a dusty gas stream.

The disadvantage of the cyclone is that when dust accumulates in the cyclone, it is necessary to stop supplying the dust and gas stream to it in order to interrupt the cleaning process. As a result, the installation of an additional apparatus is required to ensure continuous cleaning, which leads to an increase in the cost of gas purification.

The objective of the invention is the creation of a cyclone, which allows to increase the degree of purification of flue gases by removing the fine dispersed fraction without interrupting the cleaning process and reduce the cost of gas purification.

To solve this problem, in a cyclone containing a vertical cylindrical body with a conical bottom equipped with a pipe for removing dust, a pipe for supplying a dusty gas stream located tangentially to the body, a cover, an exhaust pipe, an electrostatic precipitator, a shaking mechanism, an upper part of the exhaust pipe located above the cyclone cover is made in the form of a hopper for collecting trapped dust with a pipe for introducing the gas to be cleaned, connected to the lower part of the exhaust pipe, and a pipe for removing cleaned gas, and the electrostatic precipitator is located inside the dust collection bin with the possibility of blocking the gas flow and is made in the form of a drum with blades fixed to it, each of which is a frame with successively mounted corona and precipitation electrodes, while the shaking mechanism is made in the form of a mechanical hammer, mounted on the inside of the dust bin.

Signs that distinguish the claimed cyclone from the prototype are the implementation of the exhaust pipe in the form of a hopper for collecting trapped dust, equipped with a nozzle for introducing purified gas and a nozzle for removing purified gas, the design of an electrostatic precipitator in the form of a drum with blades fixed to it, each of which is a frame with successively installed corona and precipitation electrodes, and placing it inside the dust bin with the possibility of blocking the gas flow, making a shaking fur anism in the form of a mechanical hammer, mounted on the inside of the dust bin.

The presence of significant distinguishing features indicates the conformity of the proposed solution to the patentability criterion of "novelty."

Due to the distinguishing features, the degree of gas purification is increased without interrupting the purification process for regeneration. This is due to the fact that the dust and gas stream, previously cleaned in the cylindrical conical housing of the cyclone apparatus, passes through the electrostatic precipitator blades, where the electrons and ions of the gas stream formed in the corona discharge between the corona and precipitation electrodes collide with particles and droplets of a fine dispersed fraction, charge them and make under the influence of an electric field to settle on the precipitation electrodes. The dust-free gas stream drives the electrostatic precipitator drum and is removed through a nozzle to remove purified gas. Due to the rotation of the drum, a blade contaminated by a fine dispersed fraction of dust or liquid that has settled on it rotates and leaves the area of gas flow, and its place is occupied by an uncontaminated one. With further rotation, the blade interacts with a shaking mechanism. In this interaction, vibration from the shaking mechanism is transmitted to the frame. A fine fraction of dust and liquid deposited on the precipitation electrodes of the frame is separated from the latter and falls into the lower part of the dust bin. The gas stream purified from the coarse, medium, fine dispersed fraction is removed through the pipe to remove the purified gas.

An unexpected effect during the operation of the inventive cyclone is that dust particles accumulating in the lower part of the dust collection bin stick together due to an electric charge, which prevents their secondary entrainment by an upward flow of gas. This increases the degree of purification of the contaminated gas stream. Therefore, the claimed solution meets the eligibility criterion of "inventive step".

The proposed cyclone for gas purification is illustrated by drawings. Figure 1 shows a vertical section of a cyclone, figure 2 shows a blade in the form of a frame with corona and precipitation electrodes sequentially mounted on it.

The cyclone contains a vertical cylindrical body 1 with a conical bottom 2, equipped with a pipe 3 for removing dust, a pipe 4 for supplying a dusty gas stream to the apparatus located tangentially to the body 1, a cover 5, an exhaust pipe 6, the upper part of which is made in the form of a hopper 7 for collecting dust collected, equipped with a pipe 8 for introducing purified gas and a pipe 9 for removing purified gas, the electrostatic precipitator 10, made in the form of a drum 11 with blades 12 fixed to it, each of which is a frame 13 with therefore installed by the corona 14 and precipitation 15 electrodes, the shaking mechanism 16 in the form of a mechanical hammer, mounted on the inner side of the dust collection bin 7.

The cyclone works as follows. Dust and gas flow along the tangential inlet pipe 4 enters the cylinder-conical body 1, moves downward in a spiral. Under the action of centrifugal forces, large and medium dispersed dust particles are thrown to the walls of the body, collide with them and roll down. The dust and gas stream at the lower point of the conical part of the housing 2, under the influence of the pressure difference, unfolds and rises in an upward vortex flow into the exhaust pipe 6. At the moment of changing the direction of the dust and gas flow, dust particles of medium and large dispersed fractions are released from it. Dust particles of medium and large dispersed fraction are removed through the pipe to remove dust 3.

The dust and gas stream, cleaned of large and medium dispersed dust fractions, rises up the exhaust pipe 6 and the pipe 8 for supplying the gas to be cleaned, passes through the blades 12 of the electrostatic precipitator 10. Electrons and ions of the gas stream generated in the corona discharge between the corona 14 and precipitation electrodes 15 , collide with particles and droplets of a fine dispersed fraction, charge them and force them to deposit on the precipitation electrodes 15 under the influence of an electric field. At the same time, the gas stream to be cleaned rotates the bar ban 11 electrostatic precipitator. When the drum 11 of the electrostatic precipitator rotates, the blade 12, contaminated with a fine dispersed fraction of dust or liquid that has settled on it, rotates and leaves the area of gas flow, and its place is unpolluted. With further rotation, the blade 12 interacts with the shaking mechanism 16. In this interaction, vibration from the shaking mechanism 16 is transmitted to the frame 13. The fine fraction of dust and liquid deposited on the precipitation electrodes 15 of the frame 13 is separated from the latter and falls into the lower part of the dust collecting bin 7. The gas stream purified from the coarse, medium, fine dispersed fraction is removed through the pipe to remove the purified gas 9.

Claims (1)

A cyclone comprising a vertical cylindrical body with a conical bottom provided with a nozzle for removing dust, a nozzle for supplying a dusty gas stream located tangentially to the body, a cover, an exhaust pipe, an electrostatic precipitator, a shaking mechanism, characterized in that the upper part of the exhaust pipe located above the cover cyclone, made in the form of a hopper for collecting trapped dust with a nozzle for introducing the cleaned gas connected to the bottom of the exhaust pipe, and a nozzle for removing purified gas, and The filter is located inside the dust collection hopper with the possibility of blocking the gas flow and is made in the form of a drum with blades fixed on it, each of which is a frame with successively mounted corona and precipitation electrodes, while the shaking mechanism is made in the form of a mechanical hammer mounted on the inside side of the dust bin.

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