RU96792U1 - CYCLONE - Google Patents

Abstract

 A cyclone comprising a vertical cylindrical housing provided with a nozzle for removing dust, a nozzle for supplying a dusty gas stream located tangentially to the body, a cover, an exhaust pipe, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with a plasma torch installed inside the exhaust pipe, and a gas flow unwrapper located above the plasma torch, and the upper part of the exhaust pipe is made with expansion in the form of a cylindrical body, equipped with a pipe for removing purified gas and a circular hopper nozzle to remove dust.

Description

The utility model is intended for cleaning gases from harmful emission components under the influence of plasma and dust in the field of action of centrifugal forces and forces of electrical interaction; it can be used in chemical, petrochemical, metallurgical, fuel and energy and other industries.

The problem in cleaning flue gases from dispersed dust particles is to protect the environment from pollution by dust particles and harmful emission components. Known cyclones that solve this problem make it possible to clean flue gases of large and medium dispersed particles, but they do not capture particles of a fine dispersed phase and harmful emission components.

Known cyclone TsN-15 [Kasatkin A.G. "Basic processes and apparatuses of chemical technology". Publishing house 8, re., M .: Chemistry, 1971, 241].

The cyclone contains a cylindrical body with a tangential inlet pipe and a conical bottom, an axial exhaust pipe, a dust bin.

The cyclone works as follows: the dust and gas stream through a nozzle installed tangentially to the cyclone body enters. The dusty gas stream passes around the circumference around the exhaust pipe and moves spirally downward, ensuring the separation of large particles of the dispersed phase from the dispersion medium (gas). In the lower part of the body, the flow loses speed and changes its direction, as a result of which suspended particles fall out. The purified gases move in an upward spiral towards the exhaust pipe, through which they are discharged from the cyclone. The removal of trapped particles occurs through the fitting.

Known cyclone allows you to remove large and medium dispersed particles from a dusty gas stream.

A disadvantage of the known cyclone is its low efficiency when cleaning a dusty gas stream from particles of a fine dispersed phase, due to their insufficient mass. The cyclone does not allow the removal of harmful emission components from the dust and gas stream.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed solution is a cyclone [RF patent No. 2331481, B04C 9/00, publ. 08/20/2008].

The cyclone consists of a vertical cylindrical conical housing with a cover, an inlet pipe mounted tangentially in the upper part of the body, an exhaust pipe mounted axisymmetrically with a cylindrical body, an outlet pipe for removing trapped dust in the lower part of the body, an electrostatic precipitator consisting of a precipitation electrode extending to the exhaust pipe a ring of dielectric material mounted with the possibility of free vertical movement attached to the mechanism Ivanov, and a discharge electrode mounted axially with the tubular collecting electrode.

The cyclone works as follows. A high voltage is applied to the tubular precipitation and corona electrode, forming a corona discharge in the gap between these electrodes.

Purified or flue gas enters the inlet pipe. Since the inlet pipe is installed tangentially in the upper part of the vertical casing, the cleaned air swirls in the gap between the vertical cylinder-conical casing and the outer wall of the exhaust pipe. Under the action of centrifugal force, large and medium particles and droplets of dispersed fractions are thrown to the wall of the vertical cylinder-conical body and are lowered down to the nozzle to remove trapped dust.

Thus purified air or flue gas with particles or droplets of a fine dispersed fraction rises up between the wall of the tubular precipitation electrode and the corona electrode. The electrons and ions of the gas stream formed in the corona discharge collide with particles and droplets of a fine dispersed fraction, charge them and force them to settle on a tubular precipitation electrode under the influence of an electric field.

After the accumulation of trapped particles and droplets of the fine dispersed fraction on the tubular precipitating electrode and large and medium particles and droplets of the dispersed fraction in the conical bottom of the housing, the supply of cleaned air or flue gas to the inlet pipe is stopped, the lid of the pipe is removed to collect trapped dust, and large and medium particles are removed fractions trapped in a cylinder-conical housing in a separate container. Then include a shaking mechanism, which transmits vibrations along the rod to the tubular precipitation electrode. Under the influence of these oscillations, the trapped particles and droplets of the fine dispersed fraction are discharged from the wall of the tubular sedimentation electrode into the conical bottom of the body to the nozzle to remove trapped dust, and all trapped particles and droplets of the fine dispersed fraction are removed from the conical bottom into another container.

The cyclone allows you to remove large, medium and small dispersed particles from a dusty gas stream.

The disadvantage of the cyclone is that, when dust accumulates in the cyclone, it is necessary to stop supplying the dust and gas stream to it, which leads to an interruption in the cleaning process. As a result, to ensure the continuity of cleaning, the installation of an additional apparatus is required, which leads to an increase in the cost of gas treatment. The cyclone does not allow the removal of harmful emission components from the dust and gas stream.

The objective of the utility model is to create a cyclone that increases the degree of purification by removing harmful components of the ejection from the gas stream, particles of large, medium and fine dispersed fraction without interrupting the cleaning process.

To solve this problem, in a cyclone containing a vertical cylindrical conical housing, equipped with a pipe for removing dust, a pipe for supplying a dusty gas stream located tangentially to the body, a cover, an exhaust pipe, a plasmatron and a gas flow unwrapper located above the plasmatron are installed inside the exhaust pipe, and its upper part is made with expansion in the form of a cylindrical body equipped with a pipe for removing purified gas and a circular hopper with a pipe for removing dust.

Signs that distinguish the claimed cyclone from a known one selected as a prototype are the installation of a gas stream in the exhaust pipe and a gas flow unscrewer, the execution of its upper part with an expansion in the form of a cylindrical body equipped with a pipe for removing purified gas and a circular hopper with a pipe for removing dust.

The presence of significant distinguishing features indicates the conformity of the proposed solution to the patentability criterion of "novelty."

Due to the distinguishing features, the proposed cyclone has a high degree of purification from harmful emission components, particles of large, medium and small dispersed composition and does not require shutdown for regeneration. This is due to the fact that the dust and gas stream, previously cleaned in the cylinder-conical housing of the cyclone apparatus, passes through the plasma torch. In the plasma torch between the electrodes, electrical discharges periodically occur, causing the decomposition of the harmful components of the gas stream into simple components that have a charge - plasma. Under the action of the formed plasma, the harmful components of the ejection are destroyed and the particles of the fine dispersed phase charge. Dust particles having an electric charge stick together, increase their mass and pass through a straightener into a cylindrical body, where under the action of centrifugal forces, dust particles are thrown to the walls of a cylindrical body, settle on them and flow into a circular hopper to remove dust.

The proposed cyclone is illustrated in the drawing, which shows a vertical section of a cyclone.

The cyclone contains a vertical cylinder-conical housing 1, equipped with a nozzle 2 for removing dust, a nozzle 3 for supplying a dusty gas stream to the apparatus located tangentially to the housing, a cover 4, an exhaust pipe 5, inside which a plasmatron 6 and a gas flow unwinder 7 are installed, the upper part of the exhaust pipes made with expansion in the form of a cylindrical body 8 with a pipe for removing purified gas 9, and a circular hopper 10 equipped with a pipe for removing dust 11.

The cyclone works as follows.

The dust and gas stream through the pipe 3 enters the cylinder-conical body 1, passes around the circumference around the exhaust pipe 5 and moves spirally downward, ensuring the separation of large particles of the dispersed phase from the dispersion medium (gas). In the lower part of the casing, the flow loses speed and changes its direction, as a result of which large and medium suspended particles are separated and removed through a dust removal pipe 2. Gases purified from large and medium dispersed dust move in an upward spiral and enter the exhaust pipe 5 The gas stream rises through the exhaust pipe 5 and passes through the plasma torch 6. In the plasma torch 6 between the electrodes, electric discharges periodically occur, causing decomposition of the harmful components of the gas stream into simple ulation that have a charge. Under the action of the formed plasma, the complex components of the ejection are destroyed and the particles of the fine dispersed phase are charged. Dust particles having an electric charge stick together, increase their mass. Next, the gas through the straightener of the gas stream 7 enters the expanded part of the exhaust pipe made in the form of a cylindrical body 8, where when the gas stream rotates, particles of the fine dispersed phase are separated from it under the action of centrifugal and gravity forces. The purified gas stream is removed through the pipe to remove the purified gas 9, and the dust flows under the influence of gravity along the walls of the cylindrical body into a circular dust bin 10, from where it is removed through the pipe to remove dust 11.

Claims (1)

A cyclone comprising a vertical cylindrical housing provided with a nozzle for removing dust, a nozzle for supplying a dusty gas stream located tangentially to the body, a cover, an exhaust pipe, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with a plasma torch installed inside the exhaust pipe, and a gas flow unwrapper located above the plasma torch, and the upper part of the exhaust pipe is made with expansion in the form of a cylindrical body, equipped with a pipe for removing purified gas and a circular hopper nozzle to remove dust.