RU2425719C2 - Procedure for gas jet disintegration of material and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: procedure for jet-acoustic disintegration of material consists in loading source material into a working chamber and in disintegration of material by outflow of gas jet into water medium forming acoustic vibrations. Vibrations together with mechanical collisions of lumps at material movement destroy bonds between clay particles in aggregates and release and suspend particles in water medium. The procedure also consists in material unloading. Before loading into a working chamber source material is mixed with water and is imparted to a circular motion inside the chamber with kinetic energy of gas jet created with a jet-acoustic generator. Gas jet is out-flown into water medium in pulses. A bottom of the working chamber is not even owing to which layers of flow are vertically mixed thus maintaining turbulence of flow and avoiding density de-lamination of constituents with different values of density. The procedure is implemented by means of the device consisting of the working chamber, of loading and unloading ports and of a device for supply of gas jet. The working chamber corresponds to a cylinder with a bottom the initial section of which rises from the line of loading and then declines. The loading port is located on a vertical wall of an upper part of the working chamber; while the unloading port is positioned on the same wall in a lower part of the chamber at the end of a decline. A loading zone is separated from an unloading zone with a partition with an orifice at a level of the device for supply of gas jet corresponding to a jet-acoustic generator which is mounted on a fulcrum bearing secured on a vertical telescopic rod and facilitating transfer along height of the chamber and supply of jet along its side wall.

EFFECT: raised efficiency of preparation of hard flushed material to refining.

5 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of preparation of minerals for enrichment, and can also be used to obtain homogeneous mixtures in the chemical, construction and other industries.

A device for washing minerals is known, with the help of which a method of jet-acoustic disintegration of a material is carried out, which includes loading the source material, disintegrating the material by expiration of a high-pressure water jet in combination with mechanical collisions of pieces, break bonds between clay particles in the aggregates, release and weigh particles in the aquatic environment, unload the material [1].

A closer analogue in technical essence is the method of acoustic processing [2], including vibration and acoustic processing of the material in the working chamber.

A device for washing minerals (jet acoustic disintegration of the material), including a working chamber, loading and unloading holes, a device for supplying a gas jet (see [1]).

The aim of the invention is to increase the efficiency of preparation of difficult to wash material for enrichment.

This goal is achieved in that the source material is mixed with water before being loaded into the working chamber and imparted to it circular motion inside the chamber by the kinetic energy of the gas jet created by the jet-acoustic generator. In this case, the outflow of the gas jet into the aqueous medium is carried out in a pulsed manner, and in order to maintain the turbulence of the flow and to exclude the possibility of delamination by the density of components having different density values, the vertical mixing of the flow layers is carried out by making the bottom of the working chamber uneven. If the working chamber has the shape of a cylinder and when loading bulk material mixed with water, the feed stream is directed tangentially into the chamber, then a jet of even small power will ensure circular movement of the pulp in the working chamber. The outflow of a gas stream into an aqueous medium forms acoustic vibrations in it, which, together with the mechanical collisions of the pieces during movement of the material, disintegrate the material and weigh particles in the aqueous medium. Discrete ejection of a gas stream into an aqueous medium forms an unsteady spectrum of acoustic vibrations mainly in the low-frequency range, which increases the intensity of clay material disintegration. By itself, the supply of the gas phase to the lower layers of the pulp violates the stationarity of the pulp medium over the entire height due to the formation and upward movement of gas bubbles. In addition, wave vibrations in the aquatic environment and especially in the presence of an excess of the gas phase in the medium contribute to the occurrence of cavitation, which intensifies the process of disintegration of clay aggregates. To maintain the level of flow turbulence and eliminate the possibility of delamination of the pulp material by density, the layers are vertically mixed by means of a variable topography of the bottom of the working chamber. After disintegration, the material is unloaded and recycled.

During processing, the direction of the gas jet is changed. The propagation of acoustic vibrations in an aqueous medium when they are generated by a gas stream is impeded by a gas-liquid surface boundary. With the stationary position of the gas jet in an aqueous medium, a gas dome is created around the jet and part of the wave oscillations is reflected from the surface of the phase boundary and damped inside the gas region. Changing the direction of the jet eliminates the formation of a stationary gas dome and will increase the proportion of waves passing into the working area. In addition, changing the direction of the jet increases the turbulence of the flow, which leads to an increase in the number of mechanical collisions of the bulk material during movement and thereby increases the speed of the disintegration process.

In the working chamber, a grid is installed along the side wall, unclassified material is loaded, its classification is carried out in the process of directed circular movement of the material inside the working chamber, and after its processing the material of different fractions is unloaded separately. With directed circular movement of the material in a cylindrical working chamber due to centrifugal force, denser particles will move mainly along the outer diameter of the flow, along the side wall of the working chamber, a mesh installed along the side wall allows combining disintegration processes in the working chamber and classification.

The unloading of the small size class from the working chamber is carried out continuously. The possibility of dividing into size classes in the process of disintegration allows unloading a small size class from the working chamber in a continuous mode.

The working chamber is made in the form of a cylinder with a bottom, the initial portion of which from the loading line has a rise, and then a slope. The loading hole is located on the vertical wall of the upper part of the working chamber, and the discharge hole is located on the same wall in the lower part of the chamber at the end of the slope. The loading area is separated from the unloading area by a partition with a window at the level of the device for supplying a gas jet, made in the form of a jet-acoustic generator mounted on a rotary support mounted on a vertical telescopic rail with the ability to move along the height of the chamber and supply the jet along its side wall.

Consider the method of jet-acoustic disintegration of the material and the device on the example of a specific implementation.

Figure 1 shows a General view of a jet acoustic installation, Figure 2 is a side view (section), where 1 is a working chamber, 2 is a tray, 3 is a loading hole, 4 is a jet acoustic generator, 5 is a telescopic rail, 6 - bottom of the working chamber, 7 - partition, 8 - discharge opening.

The initial clay material is mixed with water in a ratio of t: W of at least 1: 1 and fed into the working chamber 1 through a tray 2 through the loading hole 3. A directed circular motion in the volume of the working chamber 1 is imparted to the material with a jet-acoustic generator 4. At the beginning of the processing cycle, the jet-acoustic generator 4 is located in the lowest zone of the working chamber 1. After filling the entire volume of the working chamber 1, the jet-acoustic generator 4 is transferred to the middle height position using a lifting mechanism and a telescopic rack 5 . In a circular motion throughout the volume of the working chamber 1, the material is constantly mixed, while the lump part collides with each other. Mixing of the material is facilitated by an uneven bottom 6, the initial portion of which, from the loading line, has a rise, and then the bottom has a slope. During processing, the jet from the jet acoustic generator 4 generates acoustic vibrations that propagate throughout the volume of the working chamber 1 and, along with the mechanical collisions of the bulk material, carry out the destruction of the bonds between the particles. Disintegrated clay material with constant circular movement in the volume of the working chamber remains in suspension throughout the entire processing cycle. A lump fraction, the sizes of which exceed the limit values and cannot be involved in the general directional circular flow, accumulate at the partition 7 in front of the discharge opening 8. After the processing cycle, all material is unloaded through the discharge opening 8 and served for classification. The productive fraction is directed to the recovery of the useful component. After complete unloading of the working chamber 1, the discharge opening 8 is closed and the next portion of the starting material is fed into the freed working chamber 1.

1 A.c. SU 1166820 A, 07.15.1985, B03B 5/02, 4 pp.).

2. Acoustic technology in mineral processing under the editorship of Yamshchikov B.C., Moscow, Nedra, 1987, pp. 79-107.

Claims (5)

1. The method of jet-acoustic disintegration of a material, comprising loading the source material into a working chamber, disintegrating the material by means of a gas jet flowing into an aqueous medium that generates acoustic vibrations, which together with the mechanical collisions of the pieces during the movement of the material break bonds between clay particles in the aggregates, release and weigh particles in an aqueous medium, unloading material, characterized in that the source material is mixed with water before loading into the working chamber and give it a circular motion inside the chamber by the kinetic energy of the gas stream generated by the jet-acoustic generator, while the gas stream is pulsed into the aqueous medium, and to maintain the turbulence of the stream and eliminate the possibility of delamination by density of components having different density values, they carry out vertical mixing of the layers of the stream due to making the bottom of the working chamber uneven. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that during processing the direction of the gas stream is changed. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a mesh is installed along the side wall in the working chamber, the unclassified material is loaded and classified during directed circular movement of the material inside the working chamber, and after its processing the material of different fractions is unloaded separately. 4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the unloading of the small size class from the working chamber is carried out continuously. 5. A device for jet-acoustic material disintegration, including a working chamber, loading and unloading openings, a device for supplying a gas jet, characterized in that the working chamber is made in the form of a cylinder with a bottom, the initial portion of which from the loading line has a rise, and then a slope, the loading hole is located on the vertical wall of the upper part of the working chamber, and the discharge hole is on the same wall in the lower part of the chamber at the end of the slope, and the loading area is separated from the unloading area a partition with a window at the level of the device for supplying a gas jet, made in the form of a jet-acoustic generator mounted on a rotary support mounted on a vertical telescopic rail with the ability to move along the height of the chamber and supply the jet along its side wall.

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