RU2425667C1 - Device for creation of space disorientation in people - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to medicine, namely to field of psychophysiological studies. Device contains base, made in form of rectangular plate and provided with vertically installed on plate angles telescopic supports with sliding bars. Support element includes rectangular platform, located on upper ends of sliding bars, and two posts. On upper end of posts guiding roller is installed. Support element has electric drive, which is installed on upper surface of platform, leading roller, kinematically connected with electric drive and interacting with ring, and mechanism of movement. Device is also provided with inflatable pneumatic rest for feet, compressor and installed on platform two-axial sensor of horizon for determination of position of bewaring construction in three-dimensional space.

EFFECT: creation of space disorientation in person aimed at formation of realistic perception of artificial visual-audio series by application of peculiarities of brain activity for control of person's position in space.

4 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to medicine, namely to the field of psychophysiological research.

A device is known for reducing the negative effect of the Earth's gravitational field on the human body, containing a base, a supporting structure, movably mounted on the base, and a chair with a seat and back mounted on a supporting structure, an object of work and peripheral equipment (RU 2215512 C1, 11/10/2003).

A device is also known to reduce the negative effect of the gravitational field of the Earth on the human body (RU 2290157 C2, 12/27/2006).

The device, known from patent RU 2290157, is selected as a prototype because it contains the maximum number of features similar to those of the proposed technical solution.

The device according to the patent RU 2290157 contains, as claimed, a base and a support structure movably mounted on the base, including a support element equipped with guide rollers, a support element made in the form of a ring mounted on the guide rollers with the possibility of rotation relative to the central axis of the ring, and fixed on the ring is a chair with a seat and back, a visual object and equipment.

Under ordinary conditions, the perception of space and spatial assessments of reality are formed under the influence of the constant gravitational field of the Earth and are based on mutually agreed information from receptors of the sensory organs to the brain. Reflection of reality, control of the location and movement of a person in space is carried out by the cortical and subcortical functional systems of the brain. External and internal stimuli enter through afferent flows from receptors to anatomical and physiological systems - analyzers (analyzers include all sensory organs). Functional systems of the brain continuously analyze the intensity and mutual coordination of stimuli coming from receptors of the senses. Cortical centers of the brain compare the data obtained with previous experience and evaluate the surrounding reality as real - familiar and calm, unusual and disturbing or dangerous.

With a sharp change in afferentation (intensity of excitations) on the part of any of the above analyzers, as well as inconsistency of information from various analyzers, a mismatch in the functional systems of space perception and, as a consequence, a violation of spatial orientation develops. The brain assesses this situation as dangerous, and the functional systems of the brain activate control over other analyzers in order to confirm the conformity of the surrounding reality with inadequate afferentation. In the absence of inadequate signals from other analyzers, their signals (signals from other analyzers) become dominant, since they do not contradict previous experience and therefore inadequate afferentation is not perceived as real reality.

When viewing a dynamic video sequence (film, computer game), the brain receives a powerful stream of visual information from the screen (monitor), but without receiving adequate annoying signals from other analyzers (vestibular apparatus, proprioreceptors, tactile receptors, visceral receptors, auditory analyzer), does not perceive this information as events really occurring with a person. Peripheral receptors of various senses provide information about the parameters of the surrounding reality.

The visual analyzer perceives emitted and reflected light and is a highly differentiated source of information for spatial relative positioning and movement of objects. At the same time, central - focused vision differentiates objects, determines their relative position, location relative to the observer, and also tracks their mutual movement and movement relative to the observer. Peripheral vision differentiates the direction and speed of movement of objects relative to the observer. The human vestibular system perceives changes in the position of the head relative to the gravitational vertical and consists of three mutually perpendicular semicircular canals on the left and right, which play the role of angular acceleration sensors, and two pairs of otolith organs, which respond to linear accelerations and head movements relative to the gravitational vertical.

The vestibular system is closely related to the peripheral field of vision in the cortical representations of the central nervous system. It is essentially a complement and continuation of the peripheral vision of a person, providing a spatial orientation relative to the plane of the earth's surface. With inadequate perturbations of the vestibular system, preference (control) in determining the spatial position and movement of a person is given to peripheral vision.

The proprioreceptors of muscles, bones, joints and internal organs perceive the action of the gravitational field, inform the brain about the pressure force of the body on the support under the influence of the gravitational field of the Earth or under the influence of acceleration (when moving the body in space). Tactile skin receptors perceive the presence of contact with surrounding objects, inform the brain about the location and area of contact. Proprioreceptors and tactile receptors are closely related in the cortical representations of the central nervous system and complement each other.

The auditory analyzer perceives air vibrations caused by moving objects, determines the localization and direction of movement of sounding objects, the intensity of the overall sound background.

Visceral receptors perceive low-frequency vibrations and vibration, inform the brain about their intensity, and form a general undifferentiated perception of the surrounding reality. Depending on the intensity of afferentation, the brain determines the degree of danger of the surrounding space (environment). With the appearance of low-frequency fluctuations in the range of 3-20 hertz, a person has an unmotivated sense of anxiety, danger, which exacerbates the other senses.

The work of the proposed device is aimed at the formation of artificial mismatched and contradictory stimulation of all senses (analyzers - visual, vestibular, auditory, tactile, proprioceptive, visceral) to create spatial disorientation.

Thus, the objective of the invention was to use the features of the brain to control the position of a person in space to create violations of this function, with the aim of forming a realistic perception of the artificial visual-sound series.

The technical result consists in creating spatial disorientation in humans with the aim of creating a realistic perception of the artificial visual-sound series by using the features of the brain to control the position of a person in space.

The specified technical result is achieved in that in a device for creating spatial disorientation in humans, comprising a base and a supporting structure movably mounted on the base, including a supporting element equipped with guide rollers, a supporting element made in the form of a ring mounted on the guide rollers with the possibility of rotation relative to the central axis of the ring, and a chair with a seat and back fixed to the ring, a visual object and equipment, according to the invention, the base is made but in the form of a rectangular plate and equipped with telescopic supports vertically mounted at the corners of the plate with extendable rods. The supporting element includes a rectangular platform located on the upper ends of the pull-out rods, and at least two racks, the lower end of each of which is rigidly fixed to the platform, and a guide roller is installed on the upper end, an electric drive mounted on the upper surface of the platform is kinematically connected with an electric drive, a driving roller interacting with the ring, and a movement mechanism consisting of an elastic element, a support interacting with the surface of the base through an elastic element, a transverse ki electrically mounted on a support carriage longitudinal electric installed on the transverse carriage and rigidly fixed to the lower surface of the platform. The composition of the visual object includes a central monitor and at least two side monitors. The equipment includes at least two loudspeakers mounted on the ring, a low-frequency amplifier and a subwoofer located behind the back of the chair, and a source of low-frequency oscillations located under the seat of the chair. In this case, the device is equipped with an inflatable pneumatic footrest located on the platform, a compressor mounted on the platform and connected by an air line to the footrest, a two-axis horizon sensor mounted on the platform, and an electrically connected power supply unit, a switch and a computer. Moreover, the computer input is electrically connected to a biaxial horizon sensor, and the output is connected to a switch, the outputs of which are electrically connected to electric drives of longitudinal and transverse carriages, respectively.

In addition, the elastic element of the movement mechanism can be made in the form of a spring.

It is recommended that each telescopic support be equipped with an electric drive to move the extendable rod along the vertical axis and lock in place.

It is envisaged that the power supply, switch, and computer can be installed on the base.

Figure 1 shows a device for creating spatial disorientation in humans (side view).

Figure 2 shows the change in the position of a person along with visual objects and equipment from a sitting position to a lying position.

Figure 3 shows a device for creating spatial disorientation in a person in the dynamics (side view and rear).

A device for creating spatial disorientation in humans comprises a base (1) and a supporting structure movably mounted on the base, including a support element equipped with guide rollers (2), a bearing element made in the form of a ring (3) mounted on the guide rollers (2) with the possibility of rotation relative to the central axis of the ring (3), and a chair (4) fixed to the ring with a seat and back, a visual object and equipment. The base (1) is made in the form of a rectangular plate and equipped with telescopic supports (5) vertically mounted at the corners of the plate with extendable rods (6). The supporting element includes a rectangular platform (7) located on the upper ends of the extension rods (6), and at least two racks (8), the lower end of each of which is rigidly fixed to the platform. A guide roller (2) is installed on the upper end of the uprights. The support element also has an electric drive (9), which is mounted on the upper surface of the platform (7), a drive roller (10), kinematically connected with the electric drive and interacting with the ring (3), and a movement mechanism. The movement mechanism consists of an elastic element (11), a support (12) interacting with the base surface (1) through an elastic element (11), a transverse carriage (13) with an electric drive (27) mounted on a support, a longitudinal carriage (14) with an electric drive (26) mounted on the transverse carriage and rigidly fixed to the lower surface of the platform. The visual object includes a central monitor (15) and two side monitors (16). The equipment includes loudspeakers (17) fixed to the ring (3), a low-frequency amplifier and a subwoofer (18) located behind the back of the chair, and a low-frequency oscillation source (19) located under the seat of the chair. In addition, the device is equipped with an inflatable pneumatic footrest (20) located on the platform (7), a compressor (21) with a drive mounted on the platform and connected by an air line to the footrest, and a two-axis horizon sensor (22) mounted on the platform to determine the position of the supporting structure in three-dimensional space, as well as electrically connected power supply unit (23), switch (24) and computer (25). It is envisaged that the power supply, switch, and computer can be installed on the basis of (1). Computer (25) is connected electrically to a biaxial horizon sensor (22), and to a switch (24), whose outputs are electrically connected to electric drives (26, 27) of longitudinal and transverse carriages, respectively (14, 13). The elastic element (11) of the movement mechanism can be made in the form of a spring. It is envisaged that each telescopic support (5) is equipped with an electric drive for moving the sliding rod (6) along the vertical axis and fixing it in a predetermined position.

A device for creating spatial disorientation in humans works as follows.

The device is aimed at creating an artificial mismatched and contradictory stimulation of all senses (analyzers - visual, vestibular, auditory, tactile, proprioceptive, visceral) to create spatial disorientation.

Starting position: the device is installed on a horizontal surface. The user sits in a chair (4). It should be noted that the X, Y, and Z axes correspond to the center of the total mass of the moving part of the structure and the operator located on it. Retractable rods (6) of telescopic supports (5) are in the upper position and motionlessly fix the platform (7). At the same time, the ring (3) holds the chair (4) in a sitting position (Figure 1), the pneumatic footrest (20) is not filled with air, the image, sound and low-frequency vibrations are absent.

The user (operator) turns on the computer and proceeds with the work.

To artificially stimulate central - focused vision, the user is located in front of the central monitor (15), and to artificially stimulate peripheral vision, side monitors are activated (16). It should be noted that all visual information from the monitor screens moves with the user on the platform (7). In order to artificially stimulate the vestibular analyzer, the movable part of the device together with the user is transferred from a stable (initial) position to an unstable equilibrium position. For this, when a dynamic visual series appears on the monitors, the on-board computer (25) (according to the attached program) through the switch (24) turns on the electric drives of the telescopic supports (5) and puts the sliding rods (6) to the lower position and thereby displays the platform (7 ) from a motionless stable position to a position of unstable equilibrium on an elastic element (11). As a result of this, during any movements of the user, the supporting structure movably mounted on the base (1), including the supporting element and the supporting element made in the form of a ring (3), and the chair (4) fixed on the ring, a visual object and equipment, leaves equilibrium state and randomly sways in three planes (Fig.2 and 3). The computer (25) generates output signals coming from the biaxial horizon sensor (22), which, through the switch (24), drive the corresponding electric drives (26, 27) of the longitudinal and transverse carriages (14, 13) (movement mechanism), respectively, which move supporting structure together with the operator (user) in three-dimensional space (in three planes) relative to the Earth’s gravitational field vector.

When the user is shifted anterior or posterior, the center of mass (the moving part of the device plus the user) is shifted in the corresponding direction along the X axis. In this case, the biaxial horizon sensor (22) is triggered and through the switch (24) turns on the electric drive (26) of the longitudinal carriage, which moves the longitudinal the carriage (14) in the opposite direction until the equilibrium of the moving part of the structure on the elastic element (11) is restored.

While the user is shifting left or right, the center of mass is shifted in the corresponding direction along the axis (Y) and the biaxial horizon sensor (22) through the switch (24) turns on the electric drive (27) of the transverse carriage, which moves the transverse carriage (13) in the opposite direction until recovery equilibrium. The movement of the supporting structure along the X and Y axes initiates its movement along the vertical Z axis - up, down and rotational movements to the left, to the right. Thus, as a result of the user's physical activity, the system — the mobile part of the device (supporting structure) plus the user leaves the equilibrium state, while the electronic part and the electric drives of the device constantly return the system to the equilibrium position. Inadequate (inappropriate visual information) signals from the side of the vestibular apparatus caused by the movements described above are replaced in the cortical representations of the central nervous system by afferentation coming from peripheral vision, which is currently receiving visual information from the side monitor screens (16).

For artificial mismatched and contradictory stimulation (in relation to the vestibular analyzer) of the auditory analyzer, a multi-channel sound is switched on through a low-frequency amplifier. With the help of loudspeakers (17), audio signals are created that are synchronized with the visual range (the soundtrack always corresponds to the events occurring in the film, video game). This afferentation does not correspond to stimuli coming from the side of the vestibular apparatus, which additionally violates the spatial orientation.

For artificial, inadequate stimulation of tactile skin receptors, a subwoofer is switched on through a low-frequency amplifier (18), low-frequency sound vibrations from which are mechanically transmitted through the chair structure (4) to the skin surface (in places of contact with the chair surface).

For artificial, inadequate stimulation of proprioreceptors, the compressor (21) fills the air with a pneumatic footrest (20). In the absence of firm support under the feet, a person experiences the effect of "failing". This afferentation exacerbates the spatial disorientation of the user.

To artificially stimulate visceral receptors, the source of low-frequency vibrations (19), mounted under the seat of a chair (4), creates low-frequency vibrations in the range of 3-20 Hz, which are transmitted to the visceral receptors. As a result of this afferentation, the user has an unmotivated sense of anxiety and danger, which enhances spatial disorientation and exacerbates the other senses.

Thus, when using this device, the cortical and subcortical functional systems of the brain, which are responsible for the perception of space and spatial assessments of reality, receive a stream of conflicting information from all the senses and are completely disoriented. The only logical source of space perception is artificial visual-sound information.

Claims (4)

1. A device for creating spatial disorientation in humans, comprising a base and a support structure movably mounted on the base, including a support element equipped with guide rollers, a support element made in the form of a ring mounted on the guide rollers with the possibility of rotation relative to the central axis of the ring, and fixed on the ring is a chair with a seat and back, a visual object and equipment, characterized in that the base is made in the form of a rectangular plate and is equipped vertically telescopic supports with extendable rods installed at the corners of the plate, the support element includes a rectangular platform located at the upper ends of the extendable rods, and at least two racks, the lower end of each of which is rigidly fixed to the platform, and a guide roller is installed at the upper end, an electric drive mounted on the upper surface of the platform, a driving roller kinematically connected with the electric drive, interacting with the ring, and a movement mechanism consisting of an elastic element, support, vz operating with the base surface through an elastic element, a transverse electric carriage mounted on a support, a longitudinal electric carriage mounted on a transverse carriage and rigidly fixed to the lower surface of the platform, the visual object includes a central monitor and at least two side monitors, and the equipment includes at least two loudspeakers fixed on the ring, a low-frequency amplifier and a subwoofer located behind the back of the chair, and a source of low-frequency speakers banya, located under the seat of the chair, while the device is equipped with an inflatable pneumatic footrest located on the platform, a compressor mounted on the platform and connected by an air line to the footrest, a two-axis horizon sensor mounted on the platform, and an electrically connected power supply, switch and a computer, the computer being input electrically connected to a biaxial horizon sensor, and the output to a switch, the outputs of which are electrically connected to electric drives, respectively longitudinal and transversal carriage. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the elastic element of the movement mechanism is made in the form of a spring. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that each telescopic support is equipped with an electric drive for moving the sliding rod along the vertical axis and fixing in a predetermined position. 4. The device according to claim 1 or 2, or 3, characterized in that the power supply, the switch and the computer are installed on the base.

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