RU2422736C1 - Procedure for evaluation of ice thickness and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building. ^ SUBSTANCE: hollow sealed elastic element, for example, in form of floating cylinder casing, is located in basin before ice formation. A cavity of the casing is connected to a pressure gauge and is filled with non-freezing working substance under pressure above atmospheric. Height of the casing exceeds estimated thickness of ice layer. During formation of ice, there is measured pressure in the cavity of the element, on base of which there is determined thickness of ice by means of a calibration table. ^ EFFECT: high accuracy measurement of ice thickness at any ice thickness without bores in ice. ^ 2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to methods and devices for determining the thickness of ice in the interests of the natural sciences, ice engineering, fish farming and fishermen during winter fishing from ice.

State of the art

A known method for determining the thickness of the ice, including the formation of ice in the borehole for the entire thickness of the ice layer, the installation of a measuring rod in the well with fixed and movable stops and subsequent visual readout on the scale of the measuring rail of the thickness of the ice layer, see, for example, the book Nikolsky P.M. From lure to predatory fish. M .: Military Publishing House, 1963, p. 13, Fig. 6.

The disadvantage of this method of determining the thickness of the ice is the need to form a well with each measurement. With small ice thicknesses, this operation becomes impossible or requires the use of special devices such as decks, platforms, etc. In addition, the known method allows to determine the thickness of the ice only stepwise, with the formation with each measurement of the thickness of the ice of a new well.

Disclosure of invention

The method for determining the thickness of the ice involves installing a hollow, sealed, elastic element in the pond before ice formation with the possibility of swimming, and during the ice formation period, the pressure in the cavity of the element is measured and the thickness of the ice is determined using a calibration curve.

The device for determining the ice thickness is made in the form of a hollow sealed cylindrical shell of elastic material, the cavity of which is connected to a manometer and filled with a non-freezing working medium under atmospheric pressure, and the height of the shell is greater than the expected ice thickness.

The method and device for its implementation allow measurements of the thickness of the ice cover from the very beginning of ice formation, and continuously with great accuracy. At the same time, there is no need to find people on ice, which is either impossible or difficult in the initial period of ice formation with a small thickness of the ice layer.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Figure 1 presents a device for measuring the thickness of ice afloat.

Figure 2 and 3 presents a diagram of the deformation of the elastic cylindrical shell depending on the thickness of the ice.

Figure 4 shows a diagram of the calibration graph for determining the thickness of the ice according to the pressure gauge.

The implementation of the invention

The method for determining the thickness of the ice involves installing a hollow, sealed, elastic element in the pond before ice formation with the possibility of swimming, and during the ice formation period, the pressure in the cavity of the element is measured and the thickness of the ice is determined using a calibration curve.

A device for measuring the thickness of ice includes a hollow, sealed, elastic cylindrical shell 1 made, for example, of frost-resistant reinforced rubber, the cavity of which is connected to a pressure gauge 2. The shell 1 is equipped with a float 3, a ballast weight 4 and a shut-off valve 5 for filling the shell with a non-freezing working medium for example, methyl alcohol or air, the pressure in which in the initial state P _{1 is} higher than atmospheric P ₀ . The float 3 is made of a low-heat-conducting material, for example, foam, which provides isolation of the shell cavity from fluctuations in the temperature of the outside air. The surface of the float 3 in contact with water (ice) is covered with a waterproofing layer 6 made of a material that excludes the possibility of freezing of the float 3 to ice 7. As a waterproofing 6, a polyethylene coating can be used.

The method is as follows.

The shell 1, filled with a working medium with a pressure above atmospheric, is installed in a reservoir before ice formation and the pressure value P ₁ in its cavity is fixed. In this case, the volume of the shell cavity will be greater than the volume at atmospheric pressure. To ensure the possibility of swimming, a float 3 is used, and to hold the shell in an upright position, a ballast weight 4 is used (Fig. 1). During the period of ice formation, compression of a part of the elastic cylindrical shell 1 occurs during the transition of water from the liquid phase to the solid, moreover, the greater the thickness of the ice, the larger the compression area. As a result, the pressure of the working medium in the cavity of the shell 1 increases, taking successively the values of P ₂ , P ₃ , etc. The change in the pressure of the working medium in the cavity of the shell 1 is fixed on the scale of the pressure gauge 2. According to the calibration schedule (Fig. 4), each pressure value P _i in the cavity of the shell 1 corresponds to the thickness h _{i of the} ice layer 6. If necessary, remove the shell from the ice layer after completion of measurements or in other cases, the working medium is removed from the shell cavity through the shutoff valve 5, while the pressure in the shell cavity decreases to atmospheric, as a result of which the cross-sectional dimensions (shell diameter) become smaller than the initial one, which allows to freely remove the shell from the ice.

The use of the invention allows to measure the thickness of the ice without the installation of wells in the ice, to measure with high accuracy at any thickness of the ice.

Claims (2)

1. The method of determining the thickness of the ice, characterized in that in the pond before ice formation, a hollow sealed elastic element equipped with a pressure gauge is installed with the possibility of swimming, and during the period of ice formation, the pressure in the cavity of the element is measured, by which the thickness of the ice is determined using a calibration curve. 2. Device for determining the thickness of ice, characterized in that it is made in the form of a hollow sealed cylindrical shell of elastic material, the cavity of which is connected to a manometer and filled with a non-freezing working medium under atmospheric pressure, and the height of the shell is greater than the thickness of the ice layer.

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