RU2420701C1 - Firing pneumatic device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition. ^ SUBSTANCE: device includes handle, tight gas charging cavity in handle, valve ring, trigger member and thrown element. Thrown element or tail part of thrown element is located inside separate tight gas charging cavities of handle. Thrown element or its tail part is hydraulically balanced or over-balanced to throw side from handle of thrown element or its tail part. ^ EFFECT: achieving the possibility of using the device in rooms where it is not allowed to use firing arms, and possibility of its being used under water for hitting various underwater targets. ^ 20 cl, 17 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to combat pneumatic weapons, portable firing self-defense devices, to firing knives.

State of the art

The well-known pneumatic fountain pens, the Air-Pen of the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) and the Office of Special Operations (SOE), developed during the Second World War in Great Britain and the USA for special operations. These shooting devices for throwing a poisoned needle had a standard spring-piston pneumatics scheme in which the projectile is thrown at the expense of air energy when it is dynamically compressed by a piston with a spring. The device was intended not for kinetic destruction of a target, but for low-noise throwing of a poisoned projectile at a target.

Known shooting knives using compressed gas energy for firing, for example, a pneumatic shooting knife designed by I. Skrylev, described in the magazine "Master Gun" 27/28 for 1998

In a knife of this design, the piston located in the cavity of the handle has a small piston cavity filled with compressed air, pumped from the outside of the knife by a compressor or using a can of compressed gas through a charging check valve. The piston interacts with a missile projectile, which is a short arrow. An arrow inserted into the end of the knife handle is fixed in the knife handle using a lever system with a combat stop. Then, air from the compressor is pumped into the piston cavity.

When fired by pressing the thumb on the shutter button, which is part of a system of levers that reduce the pulling force, the combat cock will unlock, releasing the arrow, and the gas compressed in the piston cavity, expanding, will throw the arrow at the target. The knife of this design can be used both on land and under water.

The disadvantage of a knife of this design is the insignificant charging pressure of the compressed gas to fill the piston cavity before firing.

The possible maximum pressure of the compressed gas is limited by the gear ratios of the lever system with a combat stop. When the pressure of compressed gas is increased to increase the “muzzle energy”, the descent force increases so much that the efforts of the thumb are simply not enough to remove the arrow from the combat platoon and, accordingly, firing the shot. With a piston diameter of about 20 mm indicated on the scale of the picture (“Master Gun” 27/28 for 1998), the force acting through the piston on the trigger system will be about 785 kg at a charge pressure of 250 atm. Overcoming such efforts with the muscular effort of the thumb, even through a system of levers, is physically impossible.

The disadvantage of the knife is also unnatural for the production of a shot, the position of the knife with the blade towards the user. Even with the pneumatic method of throwing, the recoil during firing due to the considerable weight of the boom (even at its insignificant speed) can reach such a value that when firing the knife (for example, under water due to “water lubrication”) it cannot hold on to the hand and the knife when firing with at some speed imparted by recoil, it will hit the user with the sharp end of the blade. In addition, such an unnatural position of the knife during firing increases the time it takes to move the knife from the “cold weapon” position to the “throwing pneumatic weapon” position, which can lead to a fall or even loss of the knife (for example, under water), and when there is not enough time ( to transfer from one position to another) to the inability to have time to fire a shot. A disadvantage of a knife of a similar design is also the inability to fire a second shot in the case of, for example, a miss or a fight with a group of opponents.

The main disadvantages of a knife of this design, therefore, are the low throwing energy of the striking arrow, the inability to fire a second shot, the danger of being used in an unnatural position for a shot, and the inconvenience of moving the knife from the “cold weapon” position to the “throwing air weapon” position.

Moreover, pneumatic firing devices have not been identified from the prior art that provide similar muzzle energy for a projectile with dimensions similar to those of fire firing devices.

Disclosure of invention

The aim of the invention is to eliminate the shortcomings of the closest analogues, the creation of a portable pneumatic shooting device for use, for example, for self-defense in explosive areas where the use of firearms is unacceptable, or use underwater as a shooting knife for scuba divers, combat swimmers, used to engage various targets, for example to kill dangerous marine fish and animals.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that in the device of the present invention, containing a handle, a sealed gas charging cavity in the handle, a valve ring, a trigger and a missile element, inside one or more separate sealed gas charging cavities of the handle is a missile element or a tail part of a missile element with the possibility of interaction with the trigger, respectively, while the missile element or its tail is hydraulically balanced or rebalanced towards meta Ia of a handle element or a projectile tail.

An additional feature is that the missile element is a lancet shell.

An additional feature is that it has a knife-shaped or stylet-shaped blade mounted on the handle permanently or with the possibility of quick removal.

An additional feature is that it has a knife-shaped or stylet-shaped blade mounted on the handle continuously or with the possibility of quick removal, and the missile elements are additional knife-shaped or stylet-shaped blades with a tail located in the gas charging cavity.

An additional feature is that the part of the missile element located in the gas charging cavity has its own internal cavity filled with a light incompressible material.

An additional feature is that the incompressible material is made in the form of a plumage rod with the ability to move relative to the internal cavity of the missile element or the cavity of the tail of the missile element.

An additional feature is that the end part of the missile element or the tail of the missile element located in the gas charging cavity, or the internal cavity of the missile element, or the cavity of the tail of the missile element located in the gas charging cavity, can be connected to the atmosphere through a channel with high hydraulic resistance that enters the atmosphere from the end of the sealed gas charging cavity or the front of the missile element.

An additional feature is that between the back of the missile element or the tail of the missile element and the inner end of the gas charging cavities, a shot sound cut-off is movable relative to the gas charging cavities of the cavity, which is part of the hydraulic balancing system of the missile element or the tail of the missile element.

An additional feature is that the trigger is a rotary lever, the axis of which interacts with the missile element or the tail of the missile element.

An additional feature is that the trigger is a one-armed or two-armed lever that interacts with the missile element or the tail of the missile element.

An additional feature is that the trigger is a button that interacts with the missile element or the tail of the missile element and moves perpendicularly or at an angle to the missile element or the tail of the missile element.

An additional feature is that the trigger has the ability to interact with the throwing element or the shank of the throwing element for their forced hydraulic balancing with the extension of the throwing element or the shank of the throwing element in the direction of throwing.

An additional feature is that the trigger has a fuse that prevents exposure to the trigger until removed from it.

An additional feature is that the axis of the missile element or its tail is offset relative to the axis of the sealed gas charging cavity of the handle.

An additional feature is that the sealing gas seal of the charging cavity is mounted on the rear of the missile element or in the body of the handle or in the body of the cutoff sound of the shot.

An additional feature is that it additionally contains a built-in laser target designator or target designator.

An additional feature is that the lancet shell has on its head a counterpart of the cut, made in the output part of the guide gas charging cavity, acting as a rifled barrel.

An additional feature is that the blade mounted on the handle has one or more longitudinal guides for one or more additional knife-shaped or stylet-shaped blades preventing the additional blades from moving in any direction except the throwing direction, and additional knife-shaped or stylet-shaped blades of the elements being thrown have a mate for the guide rails mounted on the handle constantly.

An additional feature is that additional knife-shaped or stylet-shaped blades of the missile elements have one or more cutting edges.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Figure 1 is a section of a pneumatic firing device with a lancet shell, a dead-volume compensator, a retractable rod-empennage of the projectile, a trigger in the form of a rotary lever with a fuse in a static state.

Figure 2 represents the interacting parts of the device firing pneumatic in a static state.

Figure 3 represents the interacting details of the device firing pneumatic in the state of the shot.

Figure 4 is a section of a pneumatic firing device at the beginning of a projectile movement.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a pneumatic firing device after a device leaves the projectile.

6 is a section of a pneumatic firing device with a knife-shaped or stylet-shaped blade in a static state.

Fig. 7 is an external view of a pneumatic firing device with a knife-shaped or stylet-shaped blade in the projectile departure position.

Fig. 8 is an external view of a pneumatic firing device with a constant blade and missile elements in the form of additional knife-shaped or stylet-shaped blades in a static position.

Fig.9 is an external view of a pneumatic firing device with a constant blade and missile elements in the form of additional knife-shaped or stylet-shaped blades at the time of departure of the additional blade.

Figure 10 is a section of a pneumatic firing device with a sound cutoff shot in a static position.

11 is a section of the device firing pneumatic with a cutoff sound shot at the beginning of the movement of the missile element.

Fig is a section of a device firing pneumatic with a cutoff sound shot after leaving the device with a missile element.

13 is a detail of a pneumatic firing device with a trigger in the form of a button in a safety state.

Fig. 14 is a detail of a pneumatic firing device with a trigger in the form of a button, unprotected.

Fig is a detail of a pneumatic firing device with a trigger in the form of a button, removed from the protection and pressed to produce a shot.

Fig is a detail of a pneumatic firing device with a trigger in the form of a button with a missile element at the beginning of acceleration.

Fig is a section of a pneumatic firing device with the axis of the missile element or its tail, offset relative to the axis of the sealed gas charging cavity of the handle.

The implementation of the invention

The pneumatic firing device (Fig. 1) consists of a housing 1, which is a holding handle in which sealed gas charging cavities are made 2. The ends of the cavities 2 are closed by plugs 3 provided with sealing rings 4. An annular groove is made in the plug 3, in which an elastic valve ring 5, overlapping the transverse channel connected to the filling channel 6.

A protrusion 7 with annular grooves is made on the plug 3, on which sealing rings are installed 8. A missile element (hereinafter projectile), consisting of a shell 9 and a hermetically sealed head pointed part 10, is installed by the end of the shell 9 on a protrusion 7. The missile element is lancet shell. At the same time, it may have a knife-shaped or stylet-shaped blade, which is mounted on the retention handle constantly or with the possibility of quick weaning. Also, a lancet shell can have a mating part on the head part, made in the output part of the guide gas charging cavity 2, acting as a rifled barrel.

Thrown elements can also be additional knife-shaped or stylet-shaped blades with a tail located in the gas charging cavity 2. Moreover, the blade mounted on the handle has one or more longitudinal guides for one or more additional knife-shaped or stylet-shaped blades that prevent the movement of additional blades in any direction except the direction of throwing, and additional knife-shaped or stylet-shaped blades of the elements being thrown have a mate for Blades mounted permanently on the handle. Additional knife-shaped or stylet-shaped blades of the missile elements, in turn, may have one or more cutting edges.

The part of the missile element located in the gas charging cavity may have its own internal cavity filled with a light incompressible material. Mentioned incompressible material is made in the form of a plumage rod with the possibility of its movement relative to the internal cavity of the missile element or the cavity of the tail of the missile element.

Inside the shell 9 with the possibility of movement, a plumage rod 11 is installed, which is not compressible by high gas charging pressure, and has an increase in diameter 12. In the shell 9, the inner diameter is reduced 13. In the plumage rod 11, a through channel 14 is also made, having a cavity 15 at the end. In the head pointed part 10, annular grooves with sealing rings 16 and a channel 17 with high hydraulic resistance are formed, extending into the cutout 18 of the head pointed part 10.

In this case, the device can be made with one or more separate sealed gas charging cavities 2, which are located in the handle. The missile element or the tail of the missile element is configured to interact with the trigger, respectively, while the missile element or its tail is hydraulically balanced or rebalanced towards the throwing from the handle of the missile element or its tail.

The end part of the projectile element or the tail part of the projectile element located in the gas charging cavity 2, or the internal cavity of the projectile element, or the cavity of the tail part of the projectile element located in the gas charging cavity 2, can be connected to the atmosphere through a channel with high hydraulic resistance, leaving into the atmosphere from the end of the sealed gas charging cavity 2 or the front of the missile element.

In Fig. 2, a trigger body 19 (Fig. 1) is installed in the housing 1 (Fig. 1), which is a lever 20 with an axis 21 having a cutout 22 interacting with a cutout 18 (Fig. 1) of the head pointed part 10 (Fig. one). In the lever 20, a spring-loaded fuse 23 is moved, which enters in the safety state in the safety hole of the housing 1 (FIG. 1), with a head 24 pulled by a finger when removing it from the fuse.

At the same time, between the rear part of the projectile element or the tail part of the projectile element and the inner end of the gas charging cavities 2, a shot sound cutter 33 movable relative to the gas charging cavities of the cavity is installed, which is part of the system of hydraulic balancing of the projectile element or the tail of the projectile element.

Also, in one embodiment of the present device, it may further have an integrated laser designator or designator lamp (not shown in the figures).

Next, we describe the operation of the claimed device.

In figure 1 and figure 2, the device is in a static position. The device is charged with compressed gas, for example air, with a pressure of up to 350 atm (the highest pressure in non-special compressor technology) and more through the filling channel 6.

When refueling, the elastic valve ring 5, overlapping the transverse channel of the plug 3, connected to the filling channel 6, opens and the cavity 2 is filled with compressed gas. When the pressure in the cavity 2 is equalized with the pressure of the filling pressure source, the ring 5 overlaps the transverse channel connected to the filling channel 6. The diameter of the protrusion 7 is less than the diameter of the shell 9 of the projectile. Therefore, a hydraulic force begins to act on the shell 9 in the direction of projectile throwing, equal to the difference in area described by the shell 9 and the protrusion 7, multiplied by the filling pressure. This pressure is selected so that, at its maximum value, the force exerted through the head pointed part 10 on the trigger 19 does not interfere with its comfortable unlocking by the force of the finger. The force acting on the projectile and directed towards the throwing can be made extremely small, i.e. hydraulically balance the projectile.

The trigger 19 may be a pivot arm, the axis of which interacts with the missile element or the tail of the missile element, or may be a button that interacts with the missile element or the tail of the missile element and moves perpendicularly or at an angle to the missile element or the tail of the missile element . And also the trigger body 19 has the ability to interact with the throwing element or the shank of the throwing element for their forced hydraulic balancing with the extension of the throwing element or the shank of the throwing element in the direction of throwing.

In figure 3, figure 4 and figure 5, the device is in different phases of the shot.

The trigger organ 19 has a fuse 23, which prevents the trigger on the trigger organ 19 from being removed from it.

Figure 3 shows the lever 20, removed from the fuse 23 and rotated to the firing position. When you press your finger on the lever 20 and the corresponding rotation of the axis holding the projectile axis 21 of the trigger and disconnecting the cutout 22 with the cutout 18 of the head of the pointed part 10, the projectile begins to move toward the throwing side under the action of the difference in area described by the shell 9 and the protrusion 7.

In figure 4, as soon as the shell 9 is disconnected from the protrusion 7, the gas pressure in the cavity 2 will fully act on the area described by the shell 9, and the projectile begins to accelerate along the cavity 2. In this case, the tail unit 11, made of light incompressible material, for example plastic, acts as a compensator for the dead volume of the internal cavity of the shell 9.

When the projectile moves in the cavity 2, the compressed gas through the channel 14 in the rod 11 enters the cavity 15, creating pressure in it. In this case, a small part of the gas from the cavity 15 is vented into the atmosphere through the channel 17.

In Fig. 5, when the projectile leaves the cavity 2 into the atmosphere, the gas expands in the cavity 15 and forms the cavity inside the shell 9, pushes the plumage rod 11 out of the shell 9, until the enlarged diameter 12 of the rod 11 (place A in Fig. 1) stopped by a reduced inner diameter (13 into place B in FIG. 1) of the shell 9. The projectile as a part of the head pointed part 10, the shell 9 and the tail unit 11 extended from the shell is moving toward the target.

Channel 17 is necessary to prevent the buildup of force on the trigger 19 when storing a charged device in the event of leakage of even a minimal amount of compressed gas through the seal 8. If there is no leakage of gas from the channel 17, then due to leakage through the seal 8 of the compressed gas, the pulling force on the shell 9 and, accordingly, on the head part 10 it will increase and reach full effort when throwing, that is, tens (up to hundreds) kilograms. In this case, when trying to make a shot, the effort of the finger is simply not enough to turn the lever 20 and thus disconnect the axis 21 of the trigger with the cut-out 18 of the head part 10.

Due to the fact that in the claimed device the projectile is hydraulically balanced so that the trigger release force is comfortable for the user, that is, the charging pressure and accordingly the muzzle energy of the projectile is theoretically not limited, but limited only by the strength conditions of the materials used.

Figure 6 shows a pneumatic firing device in a static state. The device differs from the one shown in the previous figures by the presence of a constant blade 25 fixed in the housing 1, for example, by a screw or latch to quickly remove the blade 25, if there is a need to reduce the size of the firing device.

7 shows a pneumatic firing device at the time of the shot. The lever 20 is turned into the unlocking position of the projectile, the projectile 26 has come out of the housing 1 and moves along the groove 27 made in the blade 25.

On Fig depicts a pneumatic firing device containing a permanent blade 28 and additional blades 29, which are actually modified head part of the projectile.

In Fig.9. depicts a pneumatic firing device at the time of departure of the additional blade 29 having a guide protrusion 30 made in the form of a dovetail and moving along the reciprocal longitudinal groove 31, also made in the form of a dovetail on the side of the constant blade 28.

A missile element (shell) in airguns should have as much weight as possible to ensure sufficient muzzle energy, since in a pneumatic weapon a large muzzle energy is achieved not by increasing the velocity of the projectile, as in firearms, but by its weight, and if the missile element is executed in In the form of a tail part with a knife-shaped blade, a relatively heavy blade increases the efficiency of the use of gas charge energy.

Figure 10 shows a pneumatic firing device containing a housing 1 with a charging cavity 2, a plug 32 with an annular seal 4 and an annular groove in which an elastic valve ring 5 is installed, overlapping a transverse channel connected to the filling channel 6. At the end of the tube 32, included in the cavity 2, a cavity is made into which the protrusion of the shot sound cutter 33 with the ring seal 34 enters. The shell 9 of the projectile element with the hermetically sealed head part 10 with the ring seal 16 has an end face 35 with dix thereon an annular seal 36 within the cavity end face shot sound clipper 33 and facing towards the throwing. That is, the sealing elements sealing the gas charging cavity are mounted on the tail of the projectile element either in the handle body or in the body of the shot sound cutoff.

The missile element is held in the housing 1 by means of the trigger 19. The area described by the diameter of the shell 9 and the end face 35 is the same. The area described by the protrusion with the O-ring 34 of the cutter 33 is less than the area of the shell 9 and the end 35. An end with a large hydraulic resistance 37 is made in the end face 35 and an opening with a large hydraulic resistance 38 is made in the cutter 33. The purpose of these holes is to discharge into the atmosphere gas as a result of its possible leaks through seals 34 and 36, causing a malfunction of the device, expressed in the disconnection of the end face 35 and the shut-off device 33 or expressed in an increase in the descent force on the trigger organ 19 (other BNO described in the beginning of the description of the invention).

In Fig. 11, when the trigger 19 is unlocked, the shell 9 with the warhead 10 (Fig. 10) and the sound cutoff of the shot begin to move toward the throwing under the action of the force arising from the difference in the areas described by the shell 9 (identical to the area described by the end face 35) and described by the protrusion of the cutter 33 with a seal 34, multiplied by the charging pressure in the cavity 2.

During movement of the shell 9 of the missile element along the cavity 2, the cutter 33 is connected to the end face 35 of the shell 9.

In Fig.12, when the cutter 33 reaches the end 39 of the cavity 2, the cutter 33 stops, and the end face 35 of the shell 9 of the throwing element is disconnected from the cutter 33 and the throwing element moves toward the target.

On Fig shows a pneumatic firing device with a trigger, which is a button 40, moving perpendicular to the missile element and blocked from being able to move in the protection state by a fuse 41, rotating on the axis 42 and having a ball spring lock.

On Fig fuse 41 is raised to the unlock position of the button 40.

On Fig fuse 41 is raised, and the button 40 is pressed so that its part interacting with the notch 18 of the head part 10 of the missile element, has disengaged from the notch 18.

In Fig. 16, the cutout 18 has completely disengaged from the button 40 and the missile element has begun to accelerate.

FIG. 17 shows a pneumatic firing device having misaligned (i.e., with spaced apart axes) gas charging cavities 2 and shells 9 of missile elements, as well as additional cutting edges 43 of the blade. That is, the axis of the missile element or its tail is offset relative to the axis of the sealed gas charging cavity of the handle. This design allows to reduce the dimensions of the handle of the device while maintaining the cross section and, accordingly, the strength of the constant blade.

Claims (20)

1. A pneumatic firing device containing a handle, a sealed gas charging cavity in the handle, a valve ring, a trigger and a missile element, characterized in that inside one or more separate sealed gas charging cavities of the handle is a missile element or a tail of the missile element with the possibility of interaction with the trigger, respectively, while the missile element or its tail is hydraulically balanced or rebalanced in the direction of throwing from the handle th element or its tail. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the missile element is a lancet shell. 3. The device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it has a knife-shaped or stylet-shaped blade mounted on the handle permanently or with the possibility of quick removal. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a knife-shaped or stylet-shaped blade mounted on the handle continuously or with the possibility of quick removal, and the missile elements are additional knife-shaped or stylet-shaped blades with a tail located in the gas charging cavity. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the part of the missile element located in the gas charging cavity has its own internal cavity filled with a light incompressible material. 6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the incompressible material is made in the form of a plumage rod with the ability to move relative to the internal cavity of the missile element or the cavity of the tail of the missile element. 7. The device according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that the end part of the missile element or the tail of the missile element located in the gas charging cavity, or the internal cavity of the missile element, or the cavity of the tail of the missile element located in the gas charging cavity, have the ability to connect with the atmosphere through a channel with high hydraulic resistance that enters the atmosphere from the end of the sealed gas charging cavity or the front of the missile element. 8. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that between the back of the missile element or the tail of the missile element and the inner end of the gas charging cavities, a shot sound cutoff movable relative to the gas charging cavities is installed, which is part of the hydraulic balancing system of the missile element or the tail of the missile element. 9. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the trigger is a rotary lever, the axis of which interacts with the missile element or the tail of the missile element. 10. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the trigger is a single-arm or two-arm lever that interacts with the missile element or the tail of the missile element. 11. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the trigger is a button that interacts with the missile element or the tail of the missile element and moves perpendicularly or at an angle to the missile element or the tail of the missile element. 12. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the trigger has the ability to interact with the throwing element or the shank of the throwing element for their forced hydraulic balancing with the extension of the throwing element or the shank of the throwing element in the direction of throwing. 13. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the trigger has a fuse that prevents exposure to the trigger before removal from it. 14. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the axis of the missile element or its tail is offset from the axis of the sealed gas charging cavity of the handle. 15. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the sealing gas charging cavity of the sealing elements are installed on the rear of the missile element, or in the body of the handle, or in the body of the cutoff sound of the shot. 16. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises an integrated laser target designator or target designator. 17. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the lancet shell has on its head a response part of a cut made in the output part of the guide of the gas charging cavity, acting as a rifled barrel. 18. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the blade mounted on the handle has one or more longitudinal guides for one or more additional knife-shaped or stylet-shaped blades that prevent the additional blades from moving in any direction other than the throwing direction. 19. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that the additional knife-shaped or stylet-shaped blades of the missile elements have a counterpart for the guide rails mounted permanently on the handle. 20. The device according to claim 19, characterized in that the additional knife-shaped or stylet-shaped blades of the missile elements have one or more cutting edges.

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