RU2418398C2 - Device to control depth of soil cultivation by frontal rotary internal soil cultivator in assembly with tractor with electrical control of hydraulic distributor of hinged system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: device comprises a sensor of vertical position of a working element in a frontal rotary internal soil cultivator relative to soil surface in the form of a support element. The support element is fixed with the possibility of displacement during elastic deformation at the vertical load of 0.05-0.1 of weight of frontal rotary internal soil cultivator. On the upper surface of the support element there is a mechanical optical curtain fixed, which is optically connected to the double optoelectronic pair. The optoelectronic pair is installed on the frame of the frontal rotary internal soil cultivator. The device has a sensor of +15° angle of tractor power take-off shaft inclination relative to the longitudinal axis of tractor in the form of optical-mechanical electronic sensor of position. The optical-mechanical electronic sensor of position consists of the optical-mechanical curtain, an optoelectronic open infrared pair. The optical-mechanical curtain of the position sensor is installed on the bracket of the tractor hinged system, and the infrared pair is installed on the upper shaft of the tractor hinged system. The device is equipped with a logical electronic system to control permanent depth of soil cultivation. The logical electronic system is equipped with an electronic manipulator, regular step switches of electric control, a hydraulic distributor of the tractor hinged system.

EFFECT: structural design will make it possible to provide for high stability of the rotary internal soil cultivator travel along the depth of soil cultivation, to increase quality of soil treatment and device operation reliability.

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Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery and is intended to control the depth of soil cultivation by a frontal rotational subsoil cultivator.

Known frontal rotational subsoil cultivator, the depth of the soil which is directly regulated by changing the location of the support wheels relative to the device vertically (USSR certificate No. 818512, АВВ 49/02, 1981 - analogue).

The closest in technical essence to the claimed object is an indirect way to control the depth of soil tillage by hydraulically increasing the tractor grip weight (Tractor / ed. M.A. Orlov. M .: Education, 1980. 272 p. S.153 - prototype).

This device has a drawback:

- the lack of direct regulation of the depth of tillage by a tillage machine.

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is the creation of conditions under which direct stable control of the soil cultivation depth by the frontal rotary subsoil cultivator is provided when the tractor is equipped with a hydraulic distributor of a standard mounted hydraulic system with electric control of a hydraulic distributor.

The technical result obtained by the practical use of the invention is the creation of the ability to control the depth of soil tillage by a frontal rotary subsoil cultivator in an aggregate with a tractor equipped with electric control of the hydraulic system, with high stability and quality.

To solve the technical problem, the information-logical executive unit of a constant depth of soil cultivation with a frontal rotary subsoil cultivator is equipped with an information-logical electronic control system, which is connected in parallel with the step-by-step lowering-lifting control circuits of the standard tractor mounted hydraulic system with an electrically controlled hydraulic distributor.

The invention is illustrated by the attached scheme, where

figure 1 shows the proposed device, rear view;

figure 2 shows a schematic circuit diagram of an information-logical electronic control system for a device for automatically controlling the depth of tillage with frontal rotational subsoil loosening in an aggregate with a tractor with electric control of the hydraulic distributor of the mounted system.

The device according to figure 1 consists of a tillage machine with a loosening working body, for example, a frontal rotational subsoil cultivator 1, a mechanical sensor of the position of the cultivator relative to the soil in the form of a support element 2, mounted on the frame of the cultivator with the ability to move with elastic deformation with a vertical load of 0.05- 0.1 weight of the frontal rotational subsoil cultivator, a mechanical optical shutter 3, made on the upper surface of the support element 2 and optically associated with a double open fed optoelectronic pair 4 mounted on the frame of the frontal rotational subsoil cultivator 1.

Information-logical electronic control system of figure 2 contains a master oscillator on inverters on the logic elements "2-not" DD1.1, DD1.2, resistor R1, capacitor C1; unit for recording information about the depth of soil cultivation by a frontal rotary subsoil cultivator relative to the soil surface of Fig. 1 on a double optoelectronic pair in Fig. 2 with an infrared emitting diode and infrared photodiodes VD1, VD2 that specify the initial current of infrared photodiodes on resistors R2, R3, inverter DD1 .3, logic element “3-not” DD2.1, low-pass filter on resistor R5 and capacitor C2; a unit for forced extraction of the frontal rotational subsoil cultivator from the soil on the on-off switch SA1; the unit for protecting the cultivator and tractor from mechanical overloads contains a control unit for the maximum angle of inclination of the propeller shaft of the cultivator drive with an opto-mechanical sensor for the angle of inclination of the tractor power take-off shaft + 15 ° relative to the longitudinal axis of the tractor, consisting of an optical-mechanical shutter mounted on the bracket of the tractor’s hinged system , and an optoelectronic open infrared pair mounted on the upper shaft of the tractor’s mounted system, consisting of a light-emitting infrared diode and a VD3 infrared photodiode with current-setting resistor R4; electronic manipulation unit with standard step switches SA2, SA3 lowering and raising the standard mounted hydraulic system of the tractor with an electrically controlled hydraulic distributor (electronic manipulator), made on the DD1.5 inverter, logic elements with an open collector “3i-not” DD2.2, DD2 .3, the outputs of which are connected in parallel with the standard step switches SA2, SA3.

A device for controlling the depth of soil tillage by a frontal rotary subsoil cultivator in aggregate with a tractor with electric control of the hydraulic distributor of the mounted system works as follows.

The frontal rotational intrasoil cultivator in the initial position is raised above the soil surface by the mounted tractor system. The information-logical electronic control system is disconnected from the electric power source. The control of the tractor's hydraulic mounted system is carried out according to the standard scheme.

Turn on the electrical power of the information-logical electronic control system.

In the limit state of the device, the information-logical electronic control system disables the "lowering" of the hydraulic system. This is done as follows.

According to the signal of the optoelectronic sensor, at an angle of inclination of the tractor power take-off shaft + 15 °, optical communication is switched on in an open optoelectronic pair with an infrared photodiode VD3. Logic level 0 is set at the lower input of the 3-nd DD2.1 logical element in FIG. “3i-not” DD2.3 and impulse “lowering” to the standard mounted system with electric control of the hydraulic distributor.

The device in nominal mode operates as follows.

The depth of soil cultivation by the frontal rotary subsoil cultivator is controlled by the electronic-logic signals of the position sensor of the working body of the frontal rotational subsoil cultivator relative to the soil surface using optoelectronic pairs with infrared photodiodes VD1, VD2.

To perform the intra-soil loosening technological process, the operator engages the tractor transmission, starts moving in the selected processing direction, switches the on-off switch SA1 to the closed position.

Infrared photodiodes VD1 and VD2 provide information on the depth of immersion of the working body of the frontal rotational subsoil cultivator in the soil. If the support element of the ripper, to which the optoelectronic pairs are connected with the infrared photodiodes VD1, VD2, is in a free position or barely touches the soil, the infrared photodiode VD1 is irradiated with a radiating infrared diode, a logic level 0 is set at the input of inverter DD1.4, the infrared photodiode VD2 is irradiated with a radiating an infrared diode, at the input of the inverter DD1.3 set logic level 0, at the top in Fig.2 input logic element DD2.1 set logic level 1.

An optical shutter mounted on the upper hinge shaft in the working position of the ripper overlaps an open optoelectronic pair mounted on the bracket of the upper hinge shaft fixed to the tractor fixed to the tractor. In this case, the infrared LED does not irradiate the infrared photodiode VD3, which controls the position of the propeller shaft of the drive of the cultivator no more than + 15 ° relative to the longitudinal axis of the tractor. At the lower input of logic element DD2.1 in FIG. 2, logic level 1 is set. Logic level 1 is applied to both inputs of logic element DD2.1, logic level 0 is set at its output and at the input of inverter DD1.5. Logical level 1 is output DD1.5 inverter allows the system to lower the working body of the cultivator.

A master oscillator on inverters DD1.1, DD1.2 generates pulses according to the time constant of the circuit of resistor R1 and capacitor C1. The pulse repetition rate is 0.3-0.5 s. A positive pulse of the master oscillator goes to the inputs of the logic elements DD2.2, DD2.3 and allows their work. Logical level 0 from the open infrared photodiode VD1 prohibits the operation of the logic element DD2.2, through the inverter DD1.4 allows the operation of the logic element DD2.3.

From an open collector at the output of a logic element with an open collector DD2.3, pulses are formed that close the standard switch SA3, the tractor linkage is lowered.

When the specified processing depth is reached, the optical connection in the optoelectronic pair with the photodiode VD2 is broken, at the input of the inverter DD1.3 a logical level 0 is set, which through the elements DD2.1, DD1.5 prevents the passage of pulses from the generator to the standard switch SA3. Depth of the working body stops, the cultivator works at a given depth.

During operation of the cultivator, the driveshaft can receive a tilt of + 15 ° relative to the longitudinal axis of the tractor. At the same time, as indicated above, the optical-mechanical fixation unit of the position of the propeller shaft of the drive of the cultivator is triggered not more than + 15 ° relative to the longitudinal axis of the tractor. An optical shutter mounted on the upper hinge shaft opens an open optoelectronic pair mounted on the bracket of the upper hinge shaft fixed relative to the tractor. The infrared LED irradiates the VD3 infrared photodiode, which controls the position of the propeller drive shaft of the cultivator no more than + 15 ° relative to the longitudinal axis of the tractor. At the lower input of logic element DD2.1 in FIG. 2, logic level 0 is set. At the output of logic element DD2.1, logic level 1 is formed. Logical level 0 is formed at the output of inverter DD1.5, which prohibits the system from lowering the working body of the cultivator.

The depth of cultivating the soil does not increase.

In the process of operation of the tractor attachment system on uneven field topography, the cultivator can be buried in the soil to a depth slightly greater than the specified one, and optical communication in an open optoelectronic infrared pair with the VD1 infrared photodiode is disabled. At the lower input in Fig. 2, the input D of the logic element DD2.2 through the resistor R2 sets the logic level 1, which allows the passage of pulses from the generator to the output DD2.2, and at the output of the logic element with an open collector DD2.3 pulses are formed that close the regular switch SA2, the tractor hitch rises.

The cultivator returns to the specified depth of tillage.

During operation of the cultivator, the driveshaft can receive a tilt of + 15 ° relative to the longitudinal axis of the tractor. At the same time, as indicated above, the optical-mechanical fixation unit of the position of the propeller shaft of the drive of the cultivator is triggered not more than + 15 ° relative to the longitudinal axis of the tractor. An optical shutter mounted on the upper hinge shaft opens an open optoelectronic pair mounted on the bracket of the upper hinge shaft fixed relative to the tractor. The infrared LED irradiates the VD3 infrared photodiode, which controls the position of the propeller drive shaft of the cultivator no more than + 15 ° relative to the longitudinal axis of the tractor. At the lower input of logic element DD2.1 in FIG. 2, logic level 0 is set. At the output of logic element DD2.1, logic level 1 is formed. Logical level 0 is formed at the output of inverter DD1.5, which prohibits the system from lowering the working body of the cultivator.

The depth of cultivating the soil does not increase.

The rise of a working cultivator from the soil is carried out in the movement of the unit.

To perform the raising of the cultivator, the operator of FIG. 2 sets the switch SA1 to the open contact position. The information-logic executive unit of constant depth of cultivating the soil with the cultivator is forced to switch to the signal mode of excessive deepening of the cultivator, since when the photodiode VD1 is irradiated, the circuit of its common wire breaks with the switch SA1 and logical level 1 is established through the resistor R2 at the inverter DD1.4 input. removes a working cultivator from the soil.

The lifting of the hitch in the range of large angles of inclination of the propeller shaft relative to the longitudinal axis of the tractor is completed with the power take-off shaft turned off, in order to exclude the occurrence of torsional vibrations in the mechanical system “tractor-propeller shaft-ripper”.

The cultivator performs the next duty cycle in the mode described above.

Upon completion of subsoil cultivation or at any time, the information-logical electronic control system is turned off by disconnecting the electric power source.

The use of a new element in the form of an electronic manipulator with a standard stepping switch for electric control of the tractor tractor’s hydraulic distributor as part of a logical electronic control system for soil tillage by a frontal rotary subsoil cultivator in an aggregate with a tractor equipped with an electric hydraulic control system allows the soil to be loosened with high stability and quality, because provides a high reaction rate of the control system for a given depth of tillage on uneven field surface in the direction of processing by the unit.

Claims (1)

A device for controlling the depth of soil cultivation by a frontal rotary subsoil cultivator in aggregate with a tractor with electric control of the hydraulic distributor of the mounted system, containing a sensor for the vertical position of the working body of the front rotary subsoil cultivator relative to the soil surface in the form of a support element mounted on the frame of the cultivator with the possibility of movement with elastic deformation with a vertical load of 0.05-0.1 the weight of the frontal rotational intrasoil about a cultivator, a mechanical optical shutter, made on the upper surface of the support element and optically coupled to a double optoelectronic pair mounted on a frame of a frontal rotational subsoil cultivator, a tractor power take-off angle sensor + 15 ° relative to the longitudinal axis of the tractor in the form of an optical-mechanical electronic sensor position, consisting of an optical-mechanical shutter mounted on the bracket of the tractor’s hinged system, and an optoelectronic open infrared pair installed on the upper shaft of the tractor’s attachment system, a logical electronic control system for a constant depth of tillage, characterized in that the logical electronic system is equipped with an electronic manipulator with standard stepping switches for electrical control of the hydraulic distributor of the tractor's attachment system.

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