RU2407256C1 - Device for differential control of soil treatment depth during frontal rotary internal soil tillage in set with tractor with step electric control of hydraulic distributor of mounted system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: device comprises sensor of vertical position of working tool of frontal rotary internal soil tiller relative to soil surface in the form of support element. Support element is connected to optical-mechanical sensors of its position relative to tiller frame. Device also has an optical-mechanical electronic sensor of tractor power take-off shaft inclination angle of +15° relative to longitudinal axis of tractor. Optical-mechanical electronic sensors are connected to information-logic electronic system to control specified depth of soil treatment. Information-logic electronic system of control is equipped with electronic key manipulators of pulse cyclic connection of regular step modes of tractor mounted system lifting and lowering. Frequency of tractor mounted system lifting mode actuation is set by information-logic electronic system of control as higher than frequency of tractor mounted system lowering mode actuation.

EFFECT: structural design will make it possible to control depth of soil treatment as the set is moving with high stability, quality and reliability.

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Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery and is intended to control the depth of soil cultivation by a frontal rotational subsoil cultivator.

Known frontal rotational subsoil cultivator, the depth of the soil which is regulated directly by changing the location of the support wheels relative to the device vertically (USSR certificate No. 818512, АВВ 49/02, 1981 - prototype).

Closest to the technical nature of the claimed object is an indirect way to control the depth of mechanical tillage by hydraulically increasing the grip of the tractor (Tractor / ed. M.A. Orlov. - M .: Education, 1980. 272 p. S.153 - analogue) .

This device has disadvantages:

- the lack of direct regulation of the depth of tillage by a tillage machine, which reduces the stability and quality of the tillage to a given depth;

- regulation of the depth of soil cultivation by a tillage machine without taking into account the priority of the mode of extraction of frontal rotational subsoil cultivator from the soil of the working body before the lifting mode, which reduces the reliability of the device due to the likelihood of excessive deepening of the working body during the movement of the unit when a direct change occurs when the hydromechanical control system is delayed the lowering mode of the tractor hitch to the mode of its rise.

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is the creation of conditions under which direct stable control of the depth of soil cultivation by the frontal rotary subsoil cultivator with the priority of the extraction mode of the working body of the frontal rotary subsoil cultivator from the soil before the lifting mode when the tractor is equipped with a hydraulic distributor of a standard mounted hydraulic Electrically controlled hydraulic distributor systems.

The technical result obtained by the practical use of the invention is the creation of the possibility, when the cultivator is moving in the soil, to directly direct differentially control the depth of soil cultivation by a frontal rotary subsoil cultivator in an aggregate with a tractor equipped with electric control of the hydraulic system, with high stability, quality and reliability.

To solve the technical problem, a device for differentially controlling the depth of soil cultivation by a frontal rotary subsoil cultivator in an aggregate with a tractor with electric control of the hydraulic distributor of the mounted system, containing a sensor for the vertical position of the working body of the frontal rotational subsoil cultivator relative to the soil surface in the form of a support element with optical-mechanical electronic sensors of the position of the support element relative to the frame of the rotational subsurface cultivator, with an optical-mechanical electronic sensor for the tractor power take-off shaft angle of + 15 ° relative to the longitudinal axis of the tractor, connected with the optical-mechanical electronic sensors with an information-logical electronic control system for a given soil cultivation depth, equipped with an information-logical electronic control system for a given depth of soil cultivation, which is equipped with an electronic key manipulator of pulsed cyclic inclusion of a regular step the tractor hitch system lifting mode and the electronic key manipulator of pulsed cyclic switching on the regular step-down mode of lowering the tractor hinged system, the response frequency of the pulse pulsed electronic key manipulator of the regular step-by-step tractor hitch lifting mode is set by the information-logical electronic control system higher than the electronic key control frequency manipulator of pulsed cyclic switching of the regular stepping mode Scanning the tractor hinged system.

The invention is illustrated by the accompanying schemes, where

figure 1 shows the proposed device, side view;

figure 2 shows the proposed device, rear view;

figure 3 shows a circuit diagram of an information-logical electronic control system.

The device according to Fig.1, 2 consists of a tillage machine with a loosening working body, for example, a frontal rotational subsoil cultivator 1, a mechanical ripper position sensor relative to the soil in the form of a support element 2, mounted on the cultivator frame with the ability to move with elastic deformation under vertical load 0, 05-0.1 the weight of the frontal rotational subsoil cultivator, a mechanical optical shutter 3, made on the upper surface of the support element 2 and optically coupled to a double rytoy optoelectronic pair 4 mounted on the rotary frame front intrasoil ripper 1.

The device is equipped with an optical-mechanical sensor for the maximum depth of the frontal rotational subsoil cultivator, according to which, during the operation of the unit, the angle of inclination of the tractor PTO shaft is limited to no more than + 15 °.

The information-logical electronic control system of Fig. 3 contains a unit for recording information about the depth of soil cultivation by a frontal rotary subsoil cultivator relative to the soil surface of Figs. 1, 2 on a double optoelectronic pair 4, of Fig. 3 with an infrared emitting diode and infrared photodiodes VD1, VD2, specifying the initial current of infrared photodiodes resistors R2, R3, inverters DD1.1, DD1.2, a low-pass filter on resistor R5 and capacitor C2; a unit for forced extraction of the frontal rotational subsoil cultivator from the soil on the on-off switch SA1; the unit for protecting the cultivator and tractor from mechanical overloads contains a control unit for the maximum angle of inclination of the propeller shaft of the cultivator drive with an opto-mechanical sensor for the angle of inclination of the tractor power take-off shaft + 15 ° relative to the longitudinal axis of the tractor, consisting of an optical-mechanical shutter mounted on the bracket of the tractor’s hinged system , and an optoelectronic open infrared pair mounted on the upper shaft of the tractor’s mounted system, consisting of a light-emitting infrared diode and a VD3 infrared photodiode with current-setting resistor R4; electronic manipulation unit with standard step switches SA2 (lift), SA3 (lower) of the standard tractor mounted hydraulic system with electrically controlled hydraulic distributor (electronic manipulator), connected in parallel with the lowering and lifting stepper hydraulic control circuits of the standard tractor mounted hydraulic system with electrically controlled hydraulic distributor , made in the form of two controlled pulse generators, respectively, on the logic elements DD2.2, DD1.4, resistor R1, condens atore C1, on logic elements DD2.3, DD1.4, resistor R6, capacitor C3 with key elements on resistors R7, R8 transistors VT1, VT2, the emitter-collector transition of each of which is connected in parallel with the corresponding standard step switch SA2, SA3.

A device for differentially controlling the depth of soil tillage by a frontal rotary subsoil cultivator in aggregate with a tractor with electric control of the hydraulic distributor of the mounted system works as follows.

To perform the technological process of subsoil loosening, the operator engages the tractor transmission and starts moving in the selected processing direction. The frontal rotational intrasoil cultivator in the initial position is raised above the soil surface by the mounted tractor system. The information-logical electronic control system is disconnected from the electric power source.

Lowering of the tractor’s hydraulic hinged system is carried out according to the standard scheme before the immersion of the working body of the frontal rotational subsoil cultivator begins.

A device for differentially controlling the depth of tillage with frontal rotational subsoil tillage in an aggregate with a tractor with stepwise electric control of the hydraulic distributor of the mounted system is put into active mode by turning on the electric power of the information-logical electronic control system. Set the on-off switch SA1 to the closed position.

The device in nominal mode operates as follows.

The depth of soil cultivation by the frontal rotary subsoil cultivator is controlled by the electronic-logic signals of the position sensor of the working body of the frontal rotational subsoil cultivator relative to the soil surface using optoelectronic pairs with infrared photodiodes VD1, VD2.

After the switch SA1 is closed, the infrared photodiodes VD1 and VD2 provide information on the immersion depth of the working body of the frontal rotational subsoil cultivator in the soil. When the support element of the ripper, to which the optoelectronic pairs are connected with the infrared photodiodes VD1, VD2, is in a free position or barely touches the soil, the infrared photodiode VD1 is irradiated with a radiating infrared diode. At the input of the inverter DD1.1 and the lower input of the logic element DD2.2, a logic level 0 is set, the infrared photodiode VD2 is also irradiated with a radiating infrared diode, at the input of the inverter DD1.2, a logic level 0 is set, at the top input of the logic element DD2 in Fig. 3. 1 logic level 1 is set.

An optical shutter mounted on the upper linkage shaft, in the working position of the ripper, overlaps the open optoelectronic pair mounted on the bracket of the upper linkage shaft that is fixed relative to the tractor. In this case, the infrared LED does not irradiate the infrared photodiode VD3, which controls the position of the propeller shaft of the drive of the cultivator no more than + 15 ° relative to the longitudinal axis of the tractor. At the lower input of FIG. 3, logic element DD2.1 is set to logic level 1.

Logic level 1 is applied to both inputs of the logic element DD2.1, at its output, and also through the integrating circuit on the resistor R5 and capacitor C2, the logic level 0 is set at the input of the inverter DD1.3. Logical level 1 at the output of the inverter DD1.3 allows operation controlled pulse generator on the logic elements DD2.3, DD1.4, resistor R6, capacitor C3. The generator starts working and periodically sends positive pulses through the resistor R8 to the key element on the transistor VT2, pulses are formed on its collector, which close the standard switch SA3 with the same frequency, the tractor hitch is lowered.

When the specified processing depth is reached, the optical connection in the optoelectronic pair with the photodiode VD2 is broken, at the input of the inverter DD1.2 a logical level 0 is set, which through the elements DD2.1, DD1.3 prohibits the operation of the pulse generator on the logical elements DD2.3, DD1. 4, resistor R6, capacitor C3, as well as the passage of pulses through transistor VT2 to the standard switch SA3.

Depth of the working body stops, the cultivator works at a given depth.

During operation of the tractor’s mounted system on uneven field topography, the cultivator can be buried in the soil to a depth somewhat greater than the specified one. In this case, the optical communication in the open optoelectronic infrared pair with the infrared photodiode VD1 is disconnected. At the input of the inverter DD1.1, logic level 1 is set, at its output, logic level 0 is set, which prohibits the false inclusion of the deepening mode of the working body in the event of an abnormal circuit of the photodiode VD2 circuit or an open circuit of the photodiode VD3.

At the lower input of the logic element DD2.2 through the resistor R2, logic level 1 is also set, which allows the operation of a controlled pulse generator on the logic elements DD2.2, DD1.4, resistor R1, capacitor C1. The generator starts to work and periodically sends positive pulses through the resistor R7 to the key element on the transistor VT1, pulses are formed on its collector, which close the standard switch SA2 with the same frequency, the tractor linkage rises.

When the specified processing depth is reached, the optical coupling in the optoelectronic pair with the photodiode VD1 is turned on, the photodiode VD1 is irradiated, a logic level 0 is set at the lower input of the inverter DD2.2 in Fig. 3, which prohibits the operation of the pulse generator on the logic elements DD2.2, DD1. 4, the resistor R1, the capacitor C1, as well as the passage of pulses through the transistor VT2 to the standard switch SA2.

Removing the working body from the soil stops. The cultivator returns from the position of excessive deepening to a given depth of tillage.

The information-logical electronic system for differentiated control of a given depth of tillage with an electronic manipulator using standard step switches for electric control of the tractor tractor hydraulic distributor ensures the priority of the mode of extracting the front rotary subsoil cultivator from the soil of the working body over the lifting mode.

In order to ensure the priority of the extraction mode from the soil of the working body of the frontal rotational subsoil cultivator before the lifting mode, the time constant of the R1C1 chain is chosen less than that of the R6C3 chain. Therefore, the immersion-extraction mode of the frontal rotational subsoil cultivator is differentiated by the tractor hydraulic system. Extraction of the working body is faster than its immersion. As a result, during the operation of the unit, the delay of the control system to exceed the specified processing depth is reduced due to the fact that the event of excessive deepening occurs at a lower speed than the speed at which this event is prevented.

In the maximum deepening mode of the frontal rotational subsoil cultivator, the device operates as follows.

The limit mode is controlled optically and mechanically, indicating the position of the propeller drive shaft of the cultivator at an angle of + 15 ° relative to the longitudinal axis of the tractor. An optical shutter mounted on the upper hitch shaft opens an open optoelectronic pair mounted on a bracket for the upper hitch shaft fixed relative to the tractor with an angle of inclination of the tractor PTO shaft of more than + 15 °. In this case, according to FIG. 3, the infrared photodiode VD3 is irradiated. At the lower input of the 3-nd ”DD2.1 logic element in FIG. 3, the logic level 0 is set. Regardless of the state of the infrared photodiode VD2, the logic level 1 is established at the input of the inverter DD1.3 through the integrating circuit on the resistor R5 and the capacitor C2 at the input inverter DD1.3, logic level 0 is set. Level 0 at the output of the inverter DD1.3 prohibits the operation of a controlled pulse generator on logic elements DD2.3, DD1.4, resistor R6, capacitor C3 and keeps the key element closed in transistor VT2. The information-logical electronic control system disables the “lower” mode of the hydraulic system, the electronic circuit of the SA3 switch is logically prohibited. The supply of the control pulse "lowering" to the standard mounted system with electrical control of the hydraulic distributor does not occur. The depth of cultivating the soil does not increase.

The rise of a working cultivator from the soil is carried out in the movement of the unit.

To perform the raising of the cultivator, the operator of FIG. 3 sets the switch SA1 to the open contact position. The information-logic executive unit of constant depth of cultivating the soil with the cultivator is forced to switch to the signal mode of excessive deepening of the cultivator, since when the photodiode VD1 is irradiated, the circuit of its common wire breaks with the switch SA1 and logical level 1 is established through the resistor R2 at the inverter DD1.4 input. removes a working cultivator from the soil.

The raising of the working cultivator from the soil can be carried out according to the standard scheme, having previously disconnected the information-logical electronic control system from the electric power source.

The cultivator sequentially performs the described duty cycle.

Upon completion of subsoil cultivation or at any time, the information-logical electronic control system is turned off by disconnecting the electric power source.

The use of a new element in the form of an information-logical electronic system for differentially controlling the depth of soil cultivation by a frontal rotary subsoil cultivator in an aggregate with a tractor equipped with an electric hydraulic control system allows for the cultivation of the cultivator to directly differentiate the depth of soil cultivation by a frontal rotary subsoil cultivator in an aggregate with a tractor equipped with electric hydraulic control, with high stability nostyu, quality and reliability, since provided by:

- the high reaction rate of the control system for a given depth of tillage on the convexity of the field surface in the direction of processing by the unit, the accuracy of the execution of soil tillage at a given depth;

- the reliability of the device due to the fact that it is protected from traction overload by using the differential immersion-extraction mode of the frontal rotational subsoil cultivator with the tractor hydraulic system with the priority of the mode of extraction from the soil of the working body of the frontal rotational subsoil cultivator before the lifting mode due to the fact that the working body is removed from the soil goes faster than his dive.

As a result, during the operation of the unit, the delay of the control system to exceed the specified processing depth is reduced, since the event of excessive deepening occurs at a lower speed than the speed at which this event is prevented.

Claims (1)

A device for differentially controlling the depth of soil cultivation by a frontal rotary subsoil cultivator in combination with a tractor with electric control of a hydraulic distributor of the mounted system, comprising a sensor for the vertical position of the working body of the frontal rotational subsoil cultivator relative to the soil surface in the form of a support element with optical-mechanical electronic sensors of the position of the support element relative to frames of the frontal rotational intrasoil ry alternator, an optical-mechanical electronic sensor for the angle of inclination of the tractor power take-off shaft + 15 ° relative to the longitudinal axis of the tractor, an information-logical electronic control system for a given soil cultivation depth, associated with optical-mechanical electronic sensors, characterized in that the information-logical electronic control system the predetermined depth of tillage is equipped with an electronic key manipulator of pulsed cyclic inclusion of the regular step mode of lifting the tractor’s mounted system and an electronic key manipulator of a pulsed cyclic inclusion of a regular step-by-step lowering mode of a tractor attachment system, and the response frequency of an electronic key manipulator of a pulsed cyclic inclusion of a regular step-by-step mode of raising a tractor attachment system is set by an information-logical electronic control system higher than the response frequency of an electronic key manipulator of a pulsed cyclic inclusion of a standard step-by-step lowering mode of the tractor hinged system.

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