RU2410598C2 - Light-emitting device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electric engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of lighting technology and may be used to produce decorative lamps, to illuminate and decorate various premises and to manufacture advertising media. To achieve technical result in light emitting device, comprising body with protective glass, inner board with contact sites, outer board in front of protective glass, light diodes installed in flasks on boards in a row, with gaps between them, inner board with light diodes is located near side wall of body, parallel to it, outer board is located in front of light emitting screen arranged on the back wall of body, light diodes on both boards are made of semiconductor crystals with various colours of glow and are connected to controller, and a glass plate is fixed to inner central part of protective glass with pattern applied on its opposite side in the form of diffraction grating from combination of slots and openings with element size at the level of 1-3 mcm.

EFFECT: development of light picture that varies dynamically in space and time with light effects of high variety, expansion of colour gamma and number of versions of light effects, provision of emitted light flow brightness and colour variation.

4 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of lighting, designed to create dynamic lighting effects, and can be used for the production of decorative lamps used for lighting and decorating various rooms and for the manufacture of advertising media.

To create special lighting effects and give the interiors of the rooms individuality, originality and colorfulness, decorative lamps and devices for creating lighting effects are used.

A light-emitting device for creating a decorative effect is known (Autosvid. USSR No. 1158819, application form 29.07.83, publ. 30.05.85) containing a light source with a bundle of optical fibers placed on the same axis with it and rotatably mounted between them disk with filters made in the form of sectors. When the device is turned on, the light from the light source, passing through the lens and rotating light filters, changes its spectral composition and forms into a collimated beam that illuminates the lower ends of the light guide fibers, while the upper ends of the light guide fibers simultaneously glow in different colors, changing color when the light filters rotate. This invention allows to provide a decorative effect due to the fact that the spherical surface of the fluffy end of the fiber bundle forms circular patterns of high brightness level.

However, using this device, you can provide only one decorative effect of a color change at the output of the light fibers, and for its implementation it is necessary to have a huge number of optical fibers. In addition, the cumbersome design, consisting in the presence of mechanical rotation units, and high complexity limit the widespread use of this type of lamp for decorative lighting of the interior.

A light-emitting device for creating special lighting effects is known (French Patent No. 1591710, class F21P 3/00), comprising a tube with a lens, a trihedral mirror prism, a cassette with multi-colored randomly arranged glasses, a condenser, a lamp and a reflector, the cassette being installed with the possibility of rotation from the drive. The light from the switched on lamp shines through the colored glass in the cassette and creates various lighting effects on the screen, changing with a frequency specified by the speed of rotation of the cassette.

The disadvantage of this device is the limited variety of lighting effects, due to the design and the presence of only one cassette with multi-colored glass. In addition, when achieving high brightness, the transparent walls of the cassette must be made of quartz glass, which increases the cost of the device.

A light emitting device with LEDs is also known (French Application No. 2848288, F21V 13/04, H05B 32/02), including white light emitting diodes (LEDs) and an optical system that increases the emission area. An optical system with a set of prisms intercepts random beams of light from the LEDs and redistributes them over the area of the lighting device. The switchgear also allows the mixing of light from colored LEDs.

The presence of an optical system with a set of prisms provides an increase in the area of the light spot and the area of illumination and solves the problem of increasing the intensity and uniformity of illumination. However, this device does not allow creating dynamic dynamic decorative effects and cannot be used for lighting bars, restaurants, casinos, night clubs and for the manufacture of advertising media.

A light-emitting device is known (RF Patent No. 2185567, class 7 F21S 4/00, dated 02/14/2000), made in the form of a light tube, which is used as a heat-shrinkable tube with light-emitting diodes (LEDs) located inside and fixed by heat treatment . The use of the luminous coating of both the light tube itself and filler elements, for example, transparent plastic balls or crystals, makes it possible to make the light tube more visible, change color, improve its decorative properties and thereby expand the range of its applications, in particular, use it as an informative sign, decoration and advertising.

The disadvantage of this device is the high complexity of manufacturing, the absence of dynamic color changes, which limits the scope of application as a device of a decorative light source, especially as elements of an attractive advertisement.

Closest to the claimed technical solution is a light emitting device described in the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2173814 C1, class. F21S 8/00, dated 10.03.2000 (prototype), containing a protective glass, a housing with emitting light emitting diodes (LEDs) located on it, which are installed on 2 boards: on the external board with gaps between the LEDs and on the internal board with pads between them, while the external board is optically transparent.

The known device provides a high luminous flux per unit area of the emitter, the design allows to increase mechanical strength and improve manufacturability.

However, the known device provides only monochrome lighting, there is no gamut of colors, there is no dynamically changing space and time light pattern with light effects, the device does not allow you to create several options for light effects, carry out LED switching, change the brightness and color of the emitted light flux and get decorative effects of a wide variety.

The technical problem, which is solved by the claimed device, is to create a dynamically changing in space and time light patterns with lighting effects of a wide variety, expanding the gamut of colors and the number of options for lighting effects, ensuring changes in the brightness and color of the emitted light flux.

The problem is achieved due to the fact that in a light-emitting device containing a housing with a protective glass, an internal board with contact pads, an external board in front of the protective glass, LEDs installed in flasks on the boards in a row, with gaps between them, the internal board with LEDs is located next to the side wall of the case, parallel to it, the external board is located in front of the reflective screen made on the back wall of the case, the LEDs on both boards are made of semiconductor crystals with GOVERNMENTAL luminescence colors and are connected to the controller, and the inner central portion of the protective glass plate adhered to a glass coated at its opposite side a pattern of a diffraction grating of a plurality of slits and openings with dimensions of elements on the level of 1-3 microns.

The protective glass outside the central part can be frosted.

A mirror reflector made of a thin metallized polymer film can be installed on the upper surface of the internal circuit board.

A white reflective coating may be applied to the inner surface of the rear wall of the housing.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

In Fig.1 shows a General view of the light-emitting device and its cross section along aa, Fig.2 shows a view of the protective glass from the outside and in cross section, Fig.3 shows a view of the inner side of the protective glass, Fig.4 a view of an optical module with optical blocks and a dividing frame is shown, Fig. 5 shows an optical block with a bounding frame and drawings of slots and holes, Fig. 6 shows a lighting diagram of an optical block with a bounding frame and drawings of slots and holes formed on the inner wall On the other hand, a diffraction grating attached to the inner surface of the protective glass, Fig. 7 illustrates the phenomenon of light bending around the elements of the diffraction grating, in which redistribution of the light flux as a result of superposition of secondary waves occurs, Fig. 8 illustrates light diffraction on the elements of the diffraction grating holes, in which the formation of secondary light waves and redistribution of the light flux as a result of interference of secondary waves.

The light-emitting device (Fig. 1) comprises a housing 1, an internal printed circuit board 2 with a metallization pattern 3, to which LEDs 4 of red, green, and blue semiconductor crystals placed in a single bulb are schematically connected. Each LED 4, in which three crystals of different luminescence are simultaneously mounted in one bulb, is installed in the holes of the internal board 2 in such a way that together they are aligned in a line parallel to the back wall of the housing 1. All LEDs 4 are connected in circuit with a controller 5, which controls their work. A protective glass 6 is attached to the front side of the casing, the inner surface of which is etched to create matte sections 7, and a glass plate 10 with a diffraction grating 11 is attached to the transparent part 8 of the protective glass with an external plate. An external board is installed opposite the glass plate 10 with a diffraction grating 11 12 with LEDs 13 of red, green and blue colors connected to the controller 14. For a more complete illumination of the enclosure volume, a mirror plate is installed on the upper surface of the internal circuit board th reflector 15 of a thin metallized polymeric film, and for improving color brightness pattern obtained on the surface of the rear housing wall, this wall 16 coated with reflective coating of white color, for example white paper.

Figure 2 presents a view of the protective glass 6 from the outside and in cross section, which shows that the surface of the glass 6 has a section 7 chemically etched on one side and having a matte color (shaded area) and section 8 that has not been chemically etched and remaining transparent. A glass plate 10 with a diffraction grating 11 is attached to the transparent part 8 of the protective glass 6 using glue 9.

Figure 3 shows a view on the inner side of the protective glass 6, to the transparent portion 8 of which is glued from the inside a glass plate with a diffraction grating 11 containing optical modules 17 (region D).

Figure 4 shows a view of an optical module 17 (region D) with a dividing frame 18 and optical blocks 19 (region E).

Figure 5 shows a block 19 (region E) with a bounding frame 20 and patterns in the form of slots 21 from dashed lines 1 μm wide and 3 μm long and circles 22 with a diameter of 3 μm with holes of 1 μm and a gap between circles of 1-3 μm.

The geometric dimensions of the trace elements included in the optical module 19 were calculated using the classical formula for the diffraction grating:

where d is the period of the structure of trace elements of the lattice,

φ _k - angles of diffraction of light,

k is the diffraction order,

λ is the wavelength of the light source.

To provide a light palette, the wavelength of the visible wavelength range is used in the range of 0.4-0.7 microns. The gratings made by etching a film of iron oxide provide at least k = 6 diffraction orders of almost the same intensity. To separate the colors, following expression 1, it is necessary to use structures with a frequency of 1000 to 300 lines per 1 mm. This gives a characteristic element size d from 1 to 3 μm, i.e. the combination of two groups of trace elements - parallel slots of the same width and round holes located at the same distance from each other, has sizes ranging from 1 to 3 microns.

The light emitting device operates as follows. When connected to the electric network through the metallization pattern 3 located in the housing 1 on the printed circuit board 2 (Fig. 1, section AA), the operating voltage is transmitted to the LEDs 4 through the controller 5, which controls their switching on and off according to a special program. The LEDs 4 mounted in one line, having three crystals of red, green, and blue in one flask, are turned on by the controller 5 simultaneously, starting from turning on the crystals with the red glow, then the controller smoothly connects the green crystals, and then the blue glow. The light from the LEDs located in the immediate vicinity of the back wall of the line propagates tangentially to its surface, while on the surface of the back wall there appear long beams of light of a semicircular and ellipsoidal shape, and in the zones of their intersection a mixture of colors with the formation of new color spots of different degrees of brightness and the intensity of the glow and thus an abstract light canvas with elements of impressionism appears. For the observer, a color picture is seen through glass 6 in sections 7 with a matte surface and is presented in the form of a dynamically changing color picture with a wide range of colors and shades. Due to the dullness of the glass, the glow becomes blurry and soft during transitions from one color to another. Due to the fact that the back wall has a white coating 16, the brightness of the resulting intricate light pattern is significantly enhanced.

When turned on, the LEDs 13 located on the printed circuit board 12 (Fig. 1) also turn on via the controller 14, which controls their switching on and off according to a special program. In each bulb of LEDs 13 there is only one crystal emitting light of a certain wavelength, i.e. red, green or blue glow colors, the combination of which makes up the RGB triad of colors, when mixed, the entire color gamut is formed similar to the formation of color in color television systems.

When light from colored LEDs 13 (Fig. 1) enters the region of slots 21 and circles with holes 22 (Fig. 5) - microelements that are part of the optical module 19 (Fig. 5) of the diffraction grating 11 (Fig. 3), it diffracts. A redistribution of the light flux occurs as a result of a superposition of light waves (Fig. 7).

Figure 6 shows the relative arrangement of the LEDs 13 and the diffraction grating 11 on the glass plate 10. In this case, the oscillations of the light beams from all the beams at the location of the observer are combined. As a result, the intensity of light diffracted through the slit will have maxima and minima. If the rays from the light beams come to the observation point in antiphase, then they cancel each other, and if in phase, they amplify. The intensity of the maxima of different orders (but corresponding to the same wavelength) is related to the finite width of the slits in the diffraction grating. When the slots are illuminated with white light for different wavelengths (different colors), the positions of the maxima of the same order will not coincide with each other, except for the central one. Therefore, the central maximum has the form of a white band, and all the others are the form of rainbow bands, called the diffraction spectra of the first, second, etc. orders.

When the light from the LEDs 13 (Fig. 1) passes through the holes 22 (Fig. 5), the diffracted rays interfere (Fig. 8). This leads to a redistribution of the energy of the light wave so that, as a result, there will be a maximum of interference against the point coinciding with the center of the hole, and this point will be much brighter for the observer than the neighboring ones. As you move away from the point that coincides with the center of the hole, the brightness of the light will decrease, and the center point of the hole will be surrounded by a dark ring. Behind the dark ring will be located brighter, etc. Thus, around the center of the hole will be located diffraction maxima and minima of the ring shape. The central maximum is the white circle, and the rest of the rainbow rings are the diffraction spectra of the first, second, etc. orders.

Thus, when the light flux passes through the diffraction grating 11 (FIG. 2) deposited on the glass plate 10 (FIG. 2), the light decomposes into the color components of the spectrum, creating a rainbow effect. When a light beam passes through a combination of slots and holes (Figs. 3-5), part of it will pass directly through the grating, and part will bend around the microelements of the grating, as a result of which new beams emerge from the grating and form a color image. Depending on the angle of incident light on the high-resolution structure of the diffraction grating from slots and holes, it shimmers with all the colors of the rainbow.

The design of the light-emitting device additionally provides obtaining dynamic effects by switching the LEDs 13 (figure 1) according to a given program using the controller 14 (figure 1). The simultaneous inclusion of one or more light sources of different wavelengths in the group of LEDs located behind the diffraction grating created great opportunities in terms of lighting solutions due to color mixing, the formation of many color shades, and the dynamic change of light in various modes with several levels of color mixing effect speed when transfusing one color shade into another.

The use of a diffraction grating in the central part of the glass plate from parallel slits and 1-3 μm round holes located at the same distance from each other made it possible to split the front of the light wave into separate beams of coherent light. These beams, undergoing diffraction by slits and holes, interfered with each other, spreading white light into the spectrum and making it possible to obtain a rainbow-colored decorative effect. Due to the interference, the intensity of the light transmitted through a combination of parallel slits and round holes turned out to be different in different directions. In some directions, light waves from slots and holes of the grating were added in phase, amplifying each other many times. Illumination of the diffraction grating with slits and round holes with monochromatic light changing with the help of the controller made it possible to obtain a three-dimensional diffraction light picture.

Placing sections of glass with a frosted surface around the diffraction grating, behind which there were lines of RGB LEDs emitting light tangentially to the back wall, allowed us to create a slightly muted surrounding background with long round or ellipsoidal spots that gradually change color.

For the observer, a color picture is seen through glass 6 in sections 7 with a matte surface and is presented in the form of a dynamically changing color picture with a wide range of colors and shades. Due to the dullness of the glass, the glow becomes blurry and soft during transitions from one color to another. For a more complete illumination of the enclosure volume, a mirror reflector 15 of a thin metallized polymer film is installed on the upper surface of the internal circuit board. Due to the fact that the back wall has a white coating 16, the brightness of the resulting intricate light pattern is significantly enhanced.

The resulting light of various wavelengths and durations, as well as color shades both in the central part and on the periphery, have an activating effect on microcirculation in the retina and a general stimulating effect on the human body. The display of gentle color gradients and a change in the brightness of the light causes various emotions in the observer. A smooth and soft transition from one color to another, used in the design of the claimed device, allows you to get high aesthetic pleasure and pleasure from the contemplation of enchanting light paintings.

The use of glass in the claimed design of the device from a combination of matted surface and surface sections with a diffraction grating with element sizes of 1-3 microns, obtained by photolithography and technological processes used in nanotechnology, as well as modern solid-state light sources - light-emitting diodes allowed to create decorative effects, significantly enhanced due to the simultaneous application of the effect of light diffraction and dynamic color change and the formation of a wide color gamut with using LEDs of different colors (RGB system), working on a given program, which allowed us to bring the effect of the emotional impact of the developed lamp design closer to the effect of natural phenomena such as rainbow, northern lights, halo, starry sky, etc.

By combining the illumination of the central part of the glass with a diffraction grating and the peripheral part with a frosted surface, the RGB LEDs with dynamic change in the wavelength of monochromatic light when the LEDs are connected in various combinations, the invention allowed for LED switching and changes in the brightness and color of the emitted light flux, creating space and time light pattern with lighting effects of a wide variety, expand the gamut of colors and number options for lighting effects.

The appendix contains photographs of dynamic paintings sold by a light-emitting device.

Claims (4)

1. A light emitting device comprising a housing with a protective glass, emitting LEDs located therein, which are mounted on the external circuit board with gaps between them and on the internal printed circuit board with contact pads between the LEDs, the external circuit board being transparent, characterized in that the inner central part of the protective glass is equipped with a glass plate with a diffraction grating from a set of slits and holes with a size of 1-3 μm, the rear wall of the housing is equipped with a reflective screen, the inner a board with LEDs is located parallel to the side wall of the case, and an external board is located opposite the specified glass plate with a diffraction grating in front of the reflective screen, the LEDs on the inner and outer boards are made of semiconductor crystals with different glow colors and connected to the controller. 2. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, characterized in that the protective glass outside the Central part of the glass plate with a diffraction grating is frosted. 3. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, characterized in that a mirror reflector of a thin metallized polymer film is installed on the upper surface of the inner circuit board. 4. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, characterized in that the reflective coating on the rear wall of the housing is white.

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