RU2368845C1 - Decorative lighting fixture - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: personal utensils.

SUBSTANCE: decorative lighting fixture contains a translucent frame of any shape and configuration, with a light source set there inside, a stand, and a lid with cut therein holes. Lighting fixture is equipped with a controller connected with the light source and set inside the translucent frame, made as a barrel with set therein diffusion sheets, with a diffraction grill made on one sides thereof, microstructure of the diffraction grill is formed of applied onto the translucent sheet thin-layer coating, microstructure dimension whereof equals 1-3.3 mcm. The stand, controller, light-source, frame and the lid are set coaxially. Light source is made as an illuminator consisting of a set of micro lamps, light emitting diodes, lasers, optical fibers.

EFFECT: widened field of application, increased number of light transformations, ensured dynamical luminance and chrominance measurement of the light picture and strengthened decorative effect.

2 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of lighting engineering and can be used as decorative lamps for lighting and decorating shop windows, interior interiors of residential and office buildings, leisure facilities (bars, restaurants, casinos, night clubs) and for the manufacture of advertising media.

An indelible impression on a person is made by such natural phenomena as the rainbow, the northern lights, dawns, halo, etc., when the dynamics of a wide color palette changes in space and time. In the claimed design of the decorative lamp, work was carried out to model these visual images using modern nanotechnology. Standard art samples of lamps, panels, and dynamic panels, endowed with developed light sources, acquire new amazing properties of impact on human emotions, commensurate with natural effects.

To give the interiors of the rooms individuality, originality and colorfulness, decorative lamps are used.

A known design of a decorative lamp (Autost. St. USSR No. 1158819, application. 29.07.83, publ. 30.05.85), containing a light source with a beam of optical fibers placed on the same optical axis and a disk with light filters mounted between them with the possibility of rotation made in the form of sectors. To enhance the decorative effect, the lamp is equipped with a collimating lens placed between the light source and the disk with light filters, while the optical axis of the lens and the axis of rotation of the disk with light filters are combined with the optical axis of the lamp. When the device is turned on, the light from the light source, passing through the lens and rotating filters, changes its spectral composition and is formed into a collimated beam that illuminates the lower ends of the light guide fibers, while the upper ends of the light guide fibers simultaneously glow in different colors, changing color when the light filters rotate. This invention allows to provide a decorative effect due to the fact that the spherical surface of the fluffy end of the fiber bundle forms circular patterns of high brightness level.

However, using this device, you can provide only one decorative effect of color changes at the output of light fibers and for its implementation it is necessary to have a huge number of optical fibers. In addition, the cumbersome design, consisting in the presence of mechanical rotation units, and high complexity limit the widespread use of this type of lamp for decorative interior lighting.

In recent years, light emitting diodes (LEDs) have replaced conventional light sources in the form of incandescent lamps. For economic feasibility, LEDs have already stepped over incandescent lamps and are almost equal to halogen lamps. The use of LEDs is due to a number of significant advantages over other light sources: low power consumption (LED consumes current 35 mA) and heat dissipation, high speed, long life up to 100,000 hours and high reliability. LED power is provided by a special power supply unit stabilized by current, which converts an alternating voltage of 220 V into a constant voltage of 3.0-4.5-12-24 V.

Also known is a decorative lamp with LEDs (French Application No. 2848288, F21V 13/04, H05B 32/02), including light-emitting diodes (LEDs) of white light and an optical system that increases the emission area. An optical system with a set of prisms intercepts random beams of light from the LEDs and redistributes them over the area of the lighting device. The switchgear also allows the mixing of light from colored LEDs.

However, this device does not allow creating dynamic dynamic decorative effects and cannot be used for lighting bars, restaurants, casinos, night clubs and for the manufacture of advertising media.

The closest technical solution to the claimed one is the design of a decorative lamp (Pat. RF No. 2152555, class F21S 10/00, publ. July 10, 2000), which is a prototype and contains a transparent, of any shape and configuration housing with a light source located inside him, stand, cover with slots in it, ensuring the passage of air flow and light range coming from a light source. Underneath the lid is a definitely colored light-scattering element on a single needle bearing located above the center of gravity of the light-scattering element.

The lamp provides the creation of only one effect of a “blazing fireplace” and allows you to create dynamic light, but only monochrome, depending on the color of the light-scattering element.

It has a limited scope, a small number of light transformations. There is no dynamic change in the brightness and color of the light picture. Decorative effect is weak.

The objective of the invention is to expand the scope, increase the number of light transformations, provide dynamic changes in the brightness and color of the light pattern and enhance the decorative effect.

The task is achieved due to the fact that a decorative lamp containing a transparent, of any shape and configuration housing with a light source located inside it, a stand, a cover with slots in it, is equipped with a controller connected to the light source and located inside a transparent body made in in the form of a frame with light-scattering plates installed in it, on one side of which a diffraction grating is made with a microstructure formed from a thin-film deposited on a transparent plate the entire coating, with a microstructure size of 1-3.3 microns, and the stand, controller, light source, housing and cover are located coaxially.

The light source can be made in the form of a lighter, consisting of a set of microlamps, light-emitting diodes, lasers, optical fibers.

Figure 1 shows a General view of the proposed decorative lamp, Figure 2 shows a view of the inside of the diffuser plate, Figure 3 shows a view of an optical module with optical units and a dividing frame, Figure 4 shows an optical unit with a bounding frame and drawings microstructure, figure 5 shows a diagram of the illumination of a microstructure formed on a diffuser plate, figure 6 illustrates the phenomenon of light bending around the elements of the microstructure, made in the form of slits, in which light distribution resulting from the superposition of the secondary waves 7 illustrates diffraction of light by microstructure elements, designed as holes, at which the formation of secondary light waves and redistribution of light flow from the interference of secondary waves.

The lamp (figure 1) contains a housing 1, a light source 2 controlled by a controller 3. The light source is made in the form of a illuminator 4, consisting of a set of microlamps, light-scattering diodes, semiconductor lasers, optical fibers. Transparent light-scattering plates 5 with a diffraction grating 6 with a microstructure of 1-3.3 μm are installed on the frame of the casing. The housing is attached to the stand 7, which provides a stable position of the lamp on the table surface. In the upper part, the luminaire has a cover 8 with slots 9, which provide cooling of the structure due to air convection and the transmission of part of the light flux up. The light source 2 and the controller 3 are fixed on the base 10. All structural elements: the housing 1, the illuminator 2, the controller 3, the base 10, the stand 7 and the cover 8 are fixed coaxially with the housing via the axis 11 using a spherical nut 12.

A diffraction grating 8 with a microstructure formed from a thin-film coating deposited on a transparent plate with an element size of 0.3-3 μm is applied on the inner surface of the light-scattering plates 4. The housing 1 is placed on a stand 9, which ensures the stability of the structure when it is installed on the surface of the table.

Figure 2 shows a view of the inner side of the diffuser plate 5, on which a diffraction grating 6 is made with a microstructure formed from a thin film coating based on iron oxide deposited on a transparent plate. At the edges of the plate 5 there is a non-working field in the form of a frame 13 with a continuous thin-film coating. The working field of the plate 5 is filled by the method of multiplication by cells 14 with optical modules 15 (region B).

Figure 3 presents a view of the optical module 15 (region B) with optical blocks 16 (region C) and a dividing frame 17.

Figure 4 shows a block 16 with a bounding frame 20 and microstructure patterns 18 and 19 with characteristic sizes from 1 to 3.3 μm. The geometric dimensions of the trace elements included in the optical module 16 were calculated using the classical formula for the diffraction grating

where d is the period of the structure of microelements of the lattice, φ _k are the angles of diffraction of light, k is the order of diffraction, λ is the wavelength of the light source. To provide a light palette, the wavelength of the visible wavelength range is used in the range of 0.4-0.7 microns. The gratings made by etching in iron oxide provide at least k = 6 diffraction orders of almost the same intensity. To separate the colors, following expression 1, it is necessary to use structures with a frequency of from 1,000 to 300 lines per 1 mm. This gives a characteristic microstructure size d of from 1 μm to 3.3 μm.

Decorative lamp works as follows.

When light from the illuminator 4 (FIG. 5) enters the region of the diffraction grating 16 (FIG. 4) with a microstructure 18, light diffraction or the phenomenon of enveloping light with obstacles occurs, which is accompanied by redistribution of the light flux as a result of superposition of secondary waves (FIG. 6). In this case, the addition of oscillations of light beams from all beams at the point of location of the observer occurs. As a result, the intensity of diffracted light will have highs and lows. If the rays from the light beams come to the observation point in antiphase, then they cancel each other, and if in phase, they amplify. The intensity of the maxima of different orders (but corresponding to the same wavelength) is related to the finite size of the microstructure in the diffraction grating. When illuminated with white light for different wavelengths (different colors), the position of the maxima of the same order will not coincide with each other, except for the central one. Therefore, the central maximum has the form of a white band, and all the others are the form of rainbow bands, called the diffraction spectra of the first, second, etc. orders. For the observer, the diffraction phenomenon is presented in the form of a rainbow pattern over the entire area of the light-scattering plate with a wide palette of colors.

When light from the illuminator 4 (Fig. 5) enters the region of the diffraction grating 16 filled with the microstructure 19, the rays passing through it interfere (Fig. 7). This leads to a redistribution of the energy of the light wave so that, as a result, there will be a maximum of interference against a point that coincides with the center of the given microstructure and this point will be illuminated much brighter than the neighboring ones. As you move away from the point that coincides with the center of the microstructure, the brightness of the light will decrease and the point will be surrounded by a dark ring. Behind the dark ring will be located brighter, etc. Thus, around the center there will be diffraction maxima and minima of a ring or elliptical shape. The central maximum is the white circle, and the rest of the rainbow rings are the diffraction spectra of the first, second, etc. orders.

Thus, when the light flux passes through the diffraction grating 6 applied to the glass plate 5, the light decomposes into the color components of the spectrum, creating a rainbow effect. When a light beam passes through a microstructure, part of it will pass directly through the grating, and part will bend around the microelements of the grating, as a result of which new beams are formed, emerging from the grating and forming a color image. Depending on the angle of the incident light on the high-resolution structure, it shimmers with all the colors of the rainbow.

The design of the decorative lamp additionally provides obtaining light-dynamic effects due to:

 switching in the illuminator 4 light-emitting elements according to a given program using the controller. The simultaneous inclusion of one or more light sources of different colors in the illuminator 4 has created tremendous opportunities in terms of lighting solutions due to color mixing.

The lighter, consisting of a group of light emitting diodes, is able to more accurately maintain one color and its intensity, to form many (up to 1 million) color shades compared to one shade obtained in the prototype as a “blazing fireplace” effect, to dynamically change the light in different modes with several levels of speed of the effect of color mixing: “running line”, “zigzag”, “strobe”, “transfusion of one color shade into another”, etc.

The resulting light of various wavelengths and durations, as well as color shades, have an activating effect on microcirculation in the retina and a general stimulating effect on the human body. The display of gentle color gradients and a change in the brightness of the light causes various emotions in the observer. A smooth and soft transition from one color to another, used in the design of a decorative lamp, allows you to get high aesthetic pleasure and pleasure from contemplating enchanting light paintings.

The use of light-scattering plates with a diffraction grating in the design of a decorative luminaire with element sizes of 1 μm obtained by photolithography and technological processes used in nanotechnology, as well as modern solid-state light sources - light-emitting diodes, made it possible to create decorative effects that are greatly enhanced due to the simultaneous application of the diffraction effect light and dynamic color change and the formation of a wide color gamut using LEDs of different colors (system RGB), working on a given program, which allowed us to bring the effect of the emotional impact of the developed lamp design closer to the effect of natural phenomena such as rainbow, northern lights, halo, starry sky, etc.

Thus, the application of a combination of microstructures 1-3-3 microns in size to the surface of glass light-scattering plates made it possible to split the front of the light wave into individual beams of coherent light. These beams, undergoing diffraction by microstructures, interfered with each other, spreading white light into the spectrum and allowing to obtain, thanks to this, a rainbow decorative effect. Due to interference, the intensity of the light transmitted through the combination of microstructures was different in different directions. In some directions, light waves were added in phase, amplifying each other many times. Illumination of light-scattering plates with microstructures with monochromatic light changing with a controller made it possible to obtain a three-dimensional dynamic diffraction pattern.

By combining dynamic changes in the wavelength of monochromatic light and light diffraction, the invention allowed to increase the number of light transformations, to obtain a multivariate dynamic change in the brightness and color of the light picture in space and time, and, due to this, to ensure its use as a decorative lamp for lighting and window dressing shops, the interior of residential and office premises, as well as for decorative lighting of bars, restaurants, casinos, nightclubs and rivers amonositeley, ie significantly expand the scope of the decorative lamp compared to the prototype.

In the annex to the application, see Fig. 8, the capabilities of a decorative lamp and one of its design options are demonstrated.

Claims (2)

1. A decorative lamp containing a transparent, of any shape and configuration housing with a light source located inside it, a stand, a cover with slots in it, characterized in that it is equipped with a controller connected to the light source and located inside the transparent body, made in the form a frame with light-scattering plates installed in it, on one side of which a diffraction grating is made with a microstructure formed from a thin-film coating deposited on a transparent plate, with a size Ohm microstructure 1-3-3 microns, and the stand, controller, light source, housing and cover are aligned. 2. The decorative lamp according to claim 1, characterized in that the light source is made in the form of a lighter, consisting of a set of microlamps, light-emitting diodes, lasers, optical fibers.

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