RU2410283C1 - Self-propelled surface-underwater island-seadrome - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: self-propelled surface-underwater island-seadrome is made of glass foam (sponge glass) in the form of island, comprising two tight buildings and ballast compartment, with the possibility of functional devices together with buildings to submerge under water, move on surface of water and underneath. Roof of one of buildings is made with equipped takeoff and landing strip. Floatage of surface part is provided up to 48.5 thousand tons. Buildings have production and service premises, laboratories, two depth-controlled swimming pools without waves, beaches, sports premises, fields, tracks, four foundations, 15 sluice chambers for exit into water massif and to bottom, and also restaurants, cafes, shops, saunas. Power supply is provided from solar batteries, electric motors make it possible to move vertically and horizontally with space orientation through GLONASS and GPS systems, for instance, following specified route of flora and fauna viewing. Three safety systems are provided for submergences of up to 30 m, also in case of stormy weather.

EFFECT: invention provides for multifunctionality of self-propelled floating island in coastal or neutral waters.

4 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the construction of hydraulic structures and airfield equipment.

Floating construction - an island-shaped aerodrome is stationary if it is constructed with a surface and underwater part in conjunction with the coast, for example, the airport of Hong Kong. Reception of aircraft can be carried out by the berth terminal, for example, for seaplanes (patent RU No. 23233121, C1, 04/27/2008, B63B 35/53). For the first time, floating airdromes arose on ice floes, for example, in the USSR from March 5 to April 13, 1934 during the rescue of Chelyusky residents. In recent decades, the construction of floating airfields on aircraft carriers has been observed. The Japanese floating airfield in the form of a ship 1000 m long, 121 m wide is considered as an analogue. The main use of the ship is the runway and as the Center for Preventing the Consequences of Various Disasters on the Water (Morning, daily electronic newspaper, August 22, 2000) No. 162 (233), www.utro.ru/news). Such an airfield is too large for the use of small civil aviation, especially in island countries that protect their natural islands, but are quite ready to participate in the construction of artificial ones, which in hydrodynamics are considered as floating elastic plates (Institute of Hydrodynamics SB RAS of the Russian Federation). The islands can be self-propelled using thrusters, a marine diesel engine or a submarine sail, which allows the multifunctional floating island to use subsurface counterflow and move against the surface current or hold at a point with the specified coordinates (patent RU No. 2107638, C1, 03/27/1998, B 35B 35 / 44). There is no development of immersion of an artificial island under water, which is also based on the use of the relationship between the displacement mass of a physical body - the design of the island and its mass in air, which is important for its vertical movements. Submarines with a displacement of 49.8 thousand tons and a length of 172 m are used as analogues, for example, the heavy nuclear-powered submarine cruiser-missile carrier Dmitry Donskoy (Rossiyskaya Gazeta, 08.28.2008, No. 182 (4739), operation of pontoons with controlled landing depending on the mass of the load and sea waves (patent RU No. 2191132, C1, 10.20.2002, B63B 35/44). New underwater technologies, modern building materials, for example, foam glass using nanoscale modification of the surface of dispersed glass with the name "foam glass Submitted to ex Positions of the State Corporation of Nanotechnologies at the International Economic Forum in St. Petersburg on June 4-6, 2009 constitute a building innovation for the construction of an artificial island and its runway .. The author of this technical description developed a series of self-propelled underwater household objects: restaurant patent RU No. 69484, U1, 12/27/2007, B63G 8/22, cafe - patent RU No. 2348565, C1, 03/10/2009, B63G 8/00, hotel - patent RU No. 72675, U1, 04/27/2008, B63G 8/22, diving training center - RU patent No. 71624, U1, 03.20.2008, B63G 8/22, hotel-restaurant - RU patent No. 72938, U1, 05/10/2008, B63G 8/3 2). The latter is taken as a development prototype.

For homogeneous materials or from their known proportions according to their used masses and volumes, as well as the aggregate of individual compartments, sections, floors and the entire building body, buoyancy is calculated according to the formula based on the Archimedes law (Certificate FSUE VNTIC No. 73200700004 of 22 January 2007, an intellectual product: "The universal formula for calculating the buoyancy of the body according to the law of Archimedes"), declared by Monakhov VP: Mt: rt × rzh - Mt = Fri, where

Mt - body weight, in g or t;

rt is the relative density of the body, in g / cm ³ or t / m ³ ;

hl - the relative density of the liquid, in g / cm ³ or t / m ³ ;

Fri - body buoyancy, in g or t.

The purpose of the invention: to develop a multifunctional device of a self-propelled floating island in coastal or neutral waters as a typical monolithic building structure with a runway, sites for small aircraft, with full infrastructure for a safe and comfortable diverse work and recreation on the island, in the water and on the bottom of the reservoir, with the possibility of diving the island up to 30 m, underwater recreation and entertainment, passage under water along a closed route with an examination of the flora and fauna or change of business cation, avoiding terrorists, with a berth for ships, with warehouses, a hotel, restaurants and shops, industrial and sports facilities, as well as with the possibility of helping those in distress at sea, in the ocean.

The proposed hydraulic structure for mass production - a self-propelled multifunctional round floating island - the airfield is monolithically built with two pressurized buildings: a ring building with an external round wall flush with the side underwater part of the floating island - a ballast compartment and a diametrical building, on the roof of which there is a runway - Runway. Buildings and the ballast compartment are mainly constructed of foam glass with a relative density lower than the density of sea water so that the buildings are completely above the waterline of the island - on the surface of the ballast compartment with two pools and four fountains on it. This ensures that the center of lift is positioned above the center of gravity of everything round for streamlining, reducing sailing and the convenience of cornering the island, for example, with one-story ring and diametrical buildings. Structurally, the island has in the ring building a regulation compartment and a set of devices for ensuring functioning on the surface of the water, in underwater passage or ascent and natural ascent to the surface based on the positive buoyancy of aerial buildings when opening pool openings and in the underwater up to 30 m position, comfortable life support up to 300 and more islanders and the opportunity to carry out labor, health and recreation.

As the main building material, foam glass was chosen - foam glass (this is 100% recycling of recyclable glass, this material is called “foamglas” abroad), which ensures the durability of the pavement of the runway, buildings and the ballast compartment of the entire island, has a low relative density , which, together with increased compressive strength and dimensional stability, allows you to build self-supporting walls, pontoon and other floating structures, including reinforcement. Phenosital lacks flammability and toxic substances, water and vapor permeability (high waterproofing properties, zero capillarity), has good noise insulation properties, low thermal conductivity, excellent chemical resistance, resistance to heat, freezing, corrosion of metals (compatibility with carbon and stainless steel), against rodents, parasites and biological degradation. A relatively simplified construction process that is as close as possible to the place: the ability to “break” the technology — to produce raw granulant at a cullet plant and foam it at the place of use (in this case, the granulant volume increases by 8-10 times, i.e. there is no need to transport “air ", Which reduces the cost of building the island and the airfield). Penosital is well combined with cement and lime-cement mortar, sawn, glued with polymer and inorganic materials, it is completely resistant to ultraviolet radiation, it is supplied in greenish color, or any one on request, it has hygienic and environmental safety (recommended without restrictions - class-3 classification ), so when disposing of it, either reuse or fauna adapts pieces of foam to build an artificial reef.

When designing an island with its ability to be on water and in the mass of water, the initial position is to determine its zero buoyancy, because on water, it rises by the size of its positive buoyancy, for example, calculated at the level of the waterline, with neutral buoyancy under water, the island freezes at the level of immersion at which zero buoyancy occurred (taking into account the inertia of immersion or rise), and when the damping of positive buoyancy continues, the island slowly sinks to the bottom, which is not desirable, because it is not even and will damage the island, which itself will damage the bottom flora and fauna. Underwater immersion of the island is decided if it contains buildings of any number of floors in the form of an annular or other closed configuration of external walls with the ability to fill the interior of the island with water that is equal in total to the displacement of the buildings, otherwise with a lower mass of water there is difficulty in achieving zero buoyancy and immersion, greater - the danger of sinking. The foam of buildings reduces their negative buoyancy, which, together with the buoyancy of the steel of the two pools, is compensated by the positive buoyancy of the foam of the ballast compartment, while the difference in mass of the displacement of the foam of the ballast compartment and its mass is equal to the required positive buoyancy of the island, equal to the mass of the displacement of buildings and the water of its internal spaces, equal to the mass buildings, ballast compartment and water of the internal spaces of the displacement of the island: buildings and ballast compartment. A selection of the relative density of the foam material is the size and height of the ballast compartment of the island.

In the ring building there are separate hotel cabins for accommodation of professionals related to the sea, its surface, underwater and bottom explorations, divers, underwater farmers, geologists, oil workers from platforms, fishermen - replacing crews of fishing vessels, fish processors, vacationers including with children and others. There are offices, housing and communal facilities, including restaurants, cafes and canteens, shops and more. Unified viewing windows made of armored or tempered glass, a panoramic window for navigating the cabin, and also 4 viewing wells were made in the ballast compartment (2 in luxury cabins, 1 in the research laboratory and 1 in the recreation area) in the external walls. 8 floats with air ducts are installed on the roof for air supply, 15 rooms are allocated for access to the water mass through lock chambers with additional tanks, 4 of which are in suites, 2 chambers with access to the interior of the island, 1 chamber in the laboratory. 62 hatches are made in the walls and roof, of which 30 are in the lock chambers, 12 are outside and 8 are inside the island, 4 on and from the runway (two manhole openings with stairs made in the roof of the ring building for passage at the beginning and end of the runway) , 8 - sector inside the building. 9 electric motors are installed at mid-height in a circle around the ballast compartment, and artificial reef structures are suspended at its bottom if the island is not supposed to have vertical and horizontal movements.

The diametrical building contains airport equipment and office premises, island warehouses, production workshops, for example, for fish farming and processing, premises and grounds of a closed stadium, a greenhouse for growing mushrooms, vegetables and fruits, a fitness room, marine health resorts, saunas. Passages to the territory of the two internal spaces of the island were made through 30 hatch openings: 15 on each side of the building and 2 hatches on each end — passages inside the ring building. In the inner spaces of the island on both sides of the island’s diametrical building there are: two depth-adjustable spacious wave-free swimming pools, playgrounds and paths with rubber grooved or other coating for sports and beach holidays, 2 pumps for supplying water to the interior of the island, they they supply water for fountains, two pumps for draining water from the pools, at the bottom of which there are 2 openings blocked by shutoff valves. At zero buoyancy of the island, to use the change in buoyancy from positive to negative and vice versa for vertical movements under water, under water and vice versa, balancing work on the changing masses of islanders, economic and food reserves, and seafood, the regulation buoyancy plays the role of regulating the buoyancy of the island, to access Zero buoyancy is carried out by the filling of swimming pools closed by the valves, the internal spaces of the building configurations with additional lock tanks filled with water.

For example, the initial data of a self-propelled monolithic island with two buildings: external R ₁ = 100 m, S of the island = 31,400 m ² , h of the surface of the island above the waterline = Building height = 2,75 m, including solar panels, mainly mounted in the roof of buildings , which occupy half the island by area - 15700 m ² . The length of the ring building in the outer circumference = 628 m, in the inner = 529.91594 m with R ₂ = 84.38152 m, the width of the building in terms of radius = 15.61848 m, h of the premises = 2.5 m, S of the building = 9042, 444 m ² , building V = 24866.721 m ³ , building displacement M = 25463.522 t with a relative density of sea water p = 1.024 t / m ³ . To determine the R ₂ - radius of the wall of the ring building inside the island, the runway area was divided into two radial sectors and four triangles, i.e. half of the island of 15,700 m ^{2 is} equal to the areas of a ring building, radial sectors with preliminary determination of the total arc in n ^o and four right-angled triangles. The length of the diametrical building is the runway = 168.76304 m, which with the walls of the ring building is the diameter of the island = 200 m. S runway = 6657.5578 m ² , S of two buildings = 15700 m ² , V building of the runway = 18308.283 m ³ , V of two buildings = 43175.004 m ³ , M of the displacement of the building Runway = 18747.681 tons, with h of the rooms = 2.35 m, the thickness of the roof - runway and landing strip = 40 cm.M of the displacement of two buildings = 44211.203 tons and this mass of water equal to m while filling the remaining free space inside the island outside buildings:. 15700 m ² × 2,75 m × 1,024 t / m ³ = 44211.2 m building material is Penosital buildings, for example with relative PLO NOSTA P = 0.6 t / m ^3. Taking into account the use of the reinforced insert, p = 0.65 t / m ³ for the external walls, the roof of the ring building and the entire volume of the foam base of the building with the runway and p = 0.63 t / m ³ for the internal walls and partitions of the first building are taken into account. S of the outer wall section of the building ring = 188.118 m ² with a wall thickness of 0.3 m, V of the wall to the ballast compartment = 517.3245 m ³ , M of the solid external wall = 336.26092 t. Openings are made in the wall and 136 windows are inserted into them for example, each in the form of a flat or a segment of a ball made of armored glass or tempered two-layer glass (OOO Phototech, Moscow) with variable transparency of the glasses by means of a crystalline film between the layers through which electric current or acrylic or other material is passed. An example of armored glass with a relative density of 2.25 t / m ³ with r = 0.45 m, with S of the base of the segment = 0.63585 m ² , h = 6 cm, with the definition by the formula: V = 1: 6 × 3 , 14 × h × (h ² + 3r ² ), V glass = 0.0191885 m ³ and M glass = 0.0431741 t, together with fasteners 0.058 t. M foam steel with fittings, withdrawn for windows = 16.862742 t, M inserted 136 portholes = 7.888 tons. A panoramic window, for example, of armored or tempered glass, or fiberglass with a relative density of p = 2.25 t / m ³ in size, for example, 1.8 × 2, is made in the navigational cabin in the outer wall , 4 m, 0.1 m thick, M windows = 0.972 t. M flaw Penosital nd = 0.8424 m. Adjusted wall M = 327.41578 r, R manhole = 0.4 m and S = 0,5024 m ^2, with M Penosital armature withdrawn from the hatch space = 0.097968 t, those. it is practically equal to M of the hatch device and does not make any changes to the mass of the wall, more precisely, it is determined by weighing the hatch device and taking into account the withdrawn foam during the construction of buildings R ₂ external wall inside the building ring = 84.38152 m, S section of the external wall inside the building ring = 159.257 m ² , V solid wall to the ballast compartment = 437.95675 m ³ , M = 284.67188 t. The wall has 122 portholes with their M = 7.076 t, M foam steel with reinforcement = 15.126865 t, M wall with adjustment = 276.62102 t, h of roof = 0.25 m, S of roof = 9042.444 m ² , of which 188.118 m ² +159.257 m ² are the ends of the outer walls of the rings Ania. Actually S roof = 8695.069 m ² , V = 2173.7672 m ³ , M = 1412.9486 t (take into account the additional gravity of the solar panels, if any). The thickness of the vertical circumferential walls of the floors inside the building = 0.2 m, the radial walls = 0.15 m. The building around the circumference has a circle of cabins outside the external wall - hotel rooms for living and service cabins 6 m wide, length of the outer wall is 5 m or more, rooms lock cameras with additional tanks, free space for other needs. Each cabin is allocated space, for example, with an area of 2.4 m ² for a shower, washbasin and toilet, with storage tanks, pipes for supplying and discharging distilled and sea water. Further along the radius to the center there is a circular corridor 2.61848 m wide and a circle of cabins, incl. service widths of 6 m, lengths of 4 m along the inner ring wall with or without domestic amenities, depending on the purpose. The building is divided, for example, into 8 hermetically sealed sectors with access hatches in a circular corridor. Counting of sectors from the rostra and the room of the navigator’s cabin, on the sides of which there are service rooms with hatches of entrance and exit from the rostra to the island and back. An example of the conditional layout of the building is given for the possibility of calculating its structural severity. So S is the section of the circumferential inner wall between the cabins of the outer wall and the corridor = 117.561 m ² , V of the solid wall = 293.9025 m ² , M = 185.15857 t, with the deduction of the area of 196 doors, with the opening of one door 0.7 × 1, 95 m with an area of 1.355 m ² , M doors = 0.038 t, M doors = 7.448 t, while foam with seals V = 0.273 m ³ , M = 0.17199 t, with V foam of all openings = 53.508 is removed

m ³ and its M of all openings = 33.71004 t, V of the circumferential wall with doorways = 240.3945 m ³ , M of the wall with doors = 158.89653 t, S of a solid section of the second circumferential wall of the corridor and cabins inside the island = 114.021 m ² , conditionally used by 82.4%, V = 234.88326 m ³ , M = 147.97645 t, S sections of continuous solid walls, each with one passage hatch in the corridor, taking into account intersections with circumferential walls = 2.192772 m , V = 5.48193 m, M = 3.4536159 t, M of eight sector walls = 27.628927 t, S sections of radial 28 partitions 30 cabins inside the sector = 25.2 m ² , V = 63 m ³ , M = 39 , 69 t, M cabin radial walls of eight sectors, taking into account the combination I have some cabins (suites) and the lack of cabins for the allocation of other rooms totaling 222.264 tons. The weight inside the cabins of household appliances, such as sleeping places, cabinets, shelves, TV, a computer with Internet access, paintings, hangers, clothes, sofas , tables, chairs, washbasin, toilet, shower, water pipes, other is 0.34 tons, and for example, in 168 cabins - 57.12 tons. Household and household equipment, for example, distillers, mineralizers, storage tanks and their pipes, refrigerators, electric furnaces, mik wave ovens and equipment of restaurants, cafes, service services, for example saunas, fountains are 20 tons, diving and diving equipment, including safety systems equipment, including 15 lock chambers with empty additional tanks, with internal hatches, the remaining hatches are in balance in gravity with removable foam wall, 2 decompression chambers, compressors, equipment - scuba gear, breathing tubes, expansion joints, air tanks - “air collars”, “donks” - lead shoes, heaters, hair dryers and more - 6 tons.

A runway with a width of 40 m is possible with a conditional division into a take-off, for example, 15 m and a landing, for example, 25 m, strip made in the same plane of the thickened roof of a diametrical building with a length of 168.76304 m, built together with the ring building. The top layer of strips of reinforced concrete with a polymer coating, such as aquaurethane (www.aquaurethane.ru), or another joint with nanomaterials. On the landing strip there is an additional rubber coating or other shock-absorbing material. Reinforced concrete, for example, with a relative density of 4.5 t / m ³ is a layer of 10 cm, the remaining 30 cm contains foam with welded transverse-longitudinal steel reinforcement, for example, a relative density of 0.65 t / m ³ . Under the roof there are, for example, 9 longitudinal walls 0.5 m thick along the chords with respect to the ring building with the width of the rooms between them 4.25 m from the external walls and 4.5 m inside the diametrical building. S of the runway roof = 6657.5578 m ² , V of concrete = 665.75578 m ³ , M of reinforced concrete = 2995.901 t, V of reinforced roof foam = 1997.2673 m ³ , M of foam = 1298.2237 t, M of the entire roof Runway = 4294.1247 t. The height of the premises is 2.35 m. The total arc of the ends of the building with the runway = 80.46872 m, taking into account the wall thickness of 0.5 m S of the ends = 40.23436 m ² , V = 94.550746 m ³ , M ends = 61.457984 t. The length of the outer wall of the diametrical building (without ends) = 162.95415 m, taking into account the thickness of the end walls, the length of their chords passing through the middle of the wall thickness of 0.5 m = 163.07532 m, t. to. The ends of the building are arched. Closer from the outer walls to the longitudinal axis at 4.75 m, two second chords = 165.07517 m each, then two third chords = 166.57375 m each, two fourth chords = 167.4665 m each and chords along the diametrical wall of the building = 167.76304 m. The length of all longitudinal walls = 1492.1444 m, S of all longitudinal walls of the building Runway = 746.0722 m ² at V = 1753.2696 m ³ and M = 1139.6252 t, M of the building walls = 1201, 0831 t, S of the runway building = 6657.5578 m ² , V of the whole building = 18308.283 m ³ , M of the whole building = 5495.2078 t, M of the displacement of the runway building = 18747.681 t. During the construction all hatchways are taken into account openings, passage doors and openings between walls with design mandrels. Landing is performed using modern flight and navigation tools, for example, along the course-glide path in the form of a system of infrared emitters installed at the beginning of the landing strip, or various light-signaling systems with luminous stripes, markers or lights of the center lines of take-off and landing, restrictions, side and input lines, touchdown and approach areas. M aerodrome equipment, including stairs and hatches = 7.8 tons. The longitudinal axis of the runway runs along the diameter next to the diameter of the “nose” - “feed” of the island, which provides a place for passengers to exit when landing the aircraft and the passage for take-off near the navigational cabin, where the island and the airfield are controlled from, for example, the light of the storage cabins in the landing strip area is turned off when the aircraft is landing. Two helipads are provided in the center of the runway and the island in the absence of takeoffs and landings of aircraft. Also closer to the center, light aircraft are landing with a sand pad at the end of the runway. The buoyancy of the above-water part of the island is equal to the displacement of buildings of 44,211.203 tons. It can be increased by 4182.9078 tons when pumping pool water with their holes closed, by 33.1776 tons when pumping water of additional lock tanks, by 15 tons of regulation compartment water and 35 t of household water, which amounts to 48,477.288 tons of positive buoyancy and a reserve of gravity of loads on the runway. A specific feature of the runway is its location on the diameter of a round island, on the edge of which a circular aerial building with a height of 2.75 m is made, the strip itself is also at such a height. When landing or taking off, the aircraft approaches the central part of the island, where the island has the greatest stability and strength, which, to improve hydrodynamics, is made with the ability to rotate the island from the runway along the wave line, and also raise and lower the runway above the surface of the water. The contents of production, research, laboratory facilities, gyms, and greenhouses contain equipment and materials, for example, 29 tons, including 0.52 tons of a steel bar 1 cm in diameter, passing two strands soldered to the reinforcing rods of the runway side railing on three sides, and 0.56 t of the mass difference of the removed foam and two pipes from polymer materials with a relative density of 2.25 t / m ³ , R = 0.06 m, wall thickness 0.01 m, laid along the floor of the building with the runway behind the end walls for water interconnections in the islands, objects of trade, sports, recreation, entertainment amount to 9 tons. The use of technical - sea water 20 tons with tanks weighing 6.23 tons with partial distillation of water for domestic use is provided. Part of installations, devices, entire premises can be changed by placements between buildings, it is important to consider their mass.

Log Island performed lifting at its mooring - triangular metal pad with bollards as rostra base wall size 9 m island area of 31.5 m ² which is "nose" front part of the island and extends above the waterline 20 cm, and also height, depending on the volume of sea water poured into the pool and into the buoyancy control compartment, which can be changed for the convenience of staying on the pier, entering or exiting through two unified hatch openings on the walls of the island and during sea waves. The Rostra has a low, for example, 0.3 m drainage for water drainage, for example, a vertical wall from a metal rod, which is used as a fence. Hatches are located to the right and to the left of the standard size cabin of the cabin with cabins, with a panoramic window, spotlight, with a remote control and control of all devices, for example, accounting for closing external island hatches, pool valves, multi-channel mobile, satellite, including GPS / GLONASS, television , sonar and ultrasonic communication, video surveillance and warning, for example, submarines are warned by a sonar signal generator. The mass of rosters and the contents of the navigational cabin is 6.5 tons.

Air supply is provided through air ducts with rainproof, side-wave nozzles with a mini-bell effect in the form of an elongated inverted cup with air inlets in the lower conical wall inside the cup. Another conical wall of the nozzle is located in the upper inner part of the glass, also attached to the frame sleeve, for example, with eight air holes below, located in different vertical planes with air intake holes, the total area also exceeding more than 2 times the area of the air duct opening. The nozzle sleeve is screwed onto the top of the cylinder, seamlessly passing through the sleeve of a hemispherical air plastic float with a radius of 1 m or more. A float weighing, for example, 105.27 kg of fiberglass p = 2.25 g / cm ³ with a wall thickness, for example, 0.5 cm together with a sleeve, part of the duct, cylinder, flange, nozzle, antennas, has a weight of 176 kg, displacement 2.14357 t, positive buoyancy +1.9675 7 t. During an accident, eight island floats with buoyancy +15.74056 t are limiters of its immersion depth, as well as being able to hold the island when manually wrapping reinforcing hoses of air ducts on winch drums and lifting the island in the absence of electricity and "dead" batteries. During horizontal underwater movements, the hemispherical part of the floats glides over the water and is pulled by air ducts, the length of which determines the maximum immersion, for example, 30 m. To strengthen the strength, air ducts and floats are coated with nanomaterials. In the corridor of the ring building in the sector wall next to the access hatch there is a work table on which a winch with a drum and an air duct is installed on it, with an electric drive and a gear system for emergency manual rotation of the drum. An opening is made in the ceiling, into which a cylinder is sealed with an elevation above the roof of up to 0.2 m, with an external thread at both ends and which is a sleeve for the passage of the duct. Passing through gland seals and a clamping nut with flanges on the upper end of the bushing, the reinforced air duct is attached higher to another cylinder, which runs seamlessly along the bobber’s bushing to its flat surface, where it also connects to the flange for monolithic mounting, which is necessary to overcome the loads of moving the bobber at horizontal movements and emergency hovering of the island on hoses. Above the float, a nozzle is screwed onto the cylinder. At the very top of the nozzle there are: a beacon, antennas for transmitting SOS signals, television, mobile communications and GPS / GLONASS systems, the wires of which are bundled inside the duct to the control and communication panel.

When the island is raised, the float is located on its stand in the form of a 0.4 m high drainage pipe screwed into the thread of the pipe ring, dressed on the roof sleeve cylinder, and welded to the roof reinforcement. Further up, the drainage pipe has a wall socket with transverse welded metal tapes along the curvature of the hemispherical float, forming a bowl, convenient to tighten and securely put the float when lifting the building to the surface of the reservoir. The end of the duct wound on a drum at its winding edge is inserted into the hole in the cylinder passing through the center of the drum and forming together with the side large gear gears of the drum and itself a single monolithic whole. The winch consists of two double-walled racks. From the inside of the sides of both external walls there are 3 small gears on the axles with bearings, located relative to the central axis of the drum and cylinder at an angle of 120 °, with teeth inserted into the teeth of the large side gears of the drum. The cylinder is mounted on the bearings of the outer walls of the winch racks. The end of the duct is led out through the stuffing box, and the bearing is inserted into the wall of the air conditioner, which is located on a separate height platform of the working table, next to the winch rack. The second inner wall of the struts has an opening larger than the diameter of the drum and covers large side gears and small gears from the duct hose on the drum. A gear transmission for manual rotation of the drum may be performed outside the winch strut, for example, a cylinder free of an air duct is extended, at the end of which a steering wheel is mounted. On one of the racks is attached a rotation stopper for a large gear with automatic and manual regulation. One of the small gears at the bottom has a gear from an electric motor with a drum rotation drive in automatic mode with a constant pulling of the float. The winch body is rigidly fixed to the reinforcement of the wall and floor of the corridor. The air tank in the air conditioner case in front of the introduced air duct has a wall through which the air passes through the top, a random water flow is provided down to the drive when the air duct is damaged. The wires are led out through the top of the side wall and through a tight polymer sleeve attached to the hole to delay the supply air and provide space to twist and unwind the bundle of wires when the winch cylinder is rotated, and then wiring to the control panel is done. At the top of the other side or back wall, the air flow is diverted to the scuba charging compressor when the air conditioner is turned off, or the compressor is connected by an air duct inside the air conditioner to the output outlet for short-term use of the created air pressure. An air chamber is installed on the air conditioner with a short connecting pipe, for example, with a gas ball valve, into the air inlet air conditioner and up to two dozen breathing tubes on the sides of the chamber with mouthpieces, inhalation and expiration valves for breathing when the air conditioner is turned off. From each of the six air conditioners, an air supply is made to the premises of the ring building and from two air conditioners to the runway building in accordance with the recommended split system. Before stormy weather, the duct nozzle is screwed in a cylinder until the bottom of the air supply cup is blocked and water enters the duct, or it is twisted and together with the antennas they are cleaned inside the building, and a metal cover with a rubber gasket is screwed into its place on the cylinder. The upper two and two lower openings of the float, usually closed by covers, are opened to fill the float with water and to leave the island under water for a period of a storm, while the premises use compressed air cylinders and air regeneration. When the duct breaks, the cover of the ceiling cylinder is screwed in. M pipes with a bell, a float, an air duct with a nozzle and a cylinder, winches with a drum and an electric drive = 0.59 t, under water up to 0.34 t, because a float and part of the duct with a lift remain at the top, which is 4.72 tons and 2.72 tons for eight air ducts. The mass of 4.72 tons fits into the negative buoyancy of the island, and when you submerge 1.953 m ³ additionally flows into the allocated compartment 2 t of water to compensate for the resulting positive buoyancy of + 2 t, with the exception of stormy weather, when floats filled with water are taken under water.

Unified hatches in the openings of the external wall and in the walls of the lock chambers are made with external fins, with a radius of, for example, 0.4 m, closed by a slightly convex lid with stiffening ribs from the inside and handles, the lateral outlets of which go out with pins and keep the cross from free rotation. A vertical elongated locking screw with valves at the ends freely passes through the cross with the emphasis of its holders in the brackets on the hook flanges and into their closed side wall in the hole frame. When it is unscrewed from a fixed cylinder with a thread in the center of the lid by a movable and fixed dies on a screw, the cross is squeezed outward, and the lid with vacuum wear-resistant rubber in a round groove, corresponding to the fins of the hole, is pressed against the hatch body. When opening the hatch, the lid on the outside rotates with the valve to the side through the block with the holder, which is fastened to the locking screw bearing with the other end. From the inside, the entrance is closed by a second valve. In the first building, 62 hatches were made, the mass of which is taken into account in the external walls and roof - 39 hatches, together with lock chambers - 15 hatches and in the sector walls - 8 hatches. In the covers of external hatches, membrane valves are made for exiting - extracting excess supply and exhaled air. In the navigational cabin, the closure of the outer hatches by their sensors is controlled, and steel cables inserted into the valve holes, stretched with locks from the valve to the wall, hamper the rotation of the valve and are the latches of the entrance hatches.

There are 15 lock chambers for access to the water massif and to the bottom of the island, each 1.2 m wide, 0.9 m deep and 2.0 m high, 2.16 m ³ capacity, allowing the diver to exit in a suit with fins and with scuba gear. Each chamber has an additional capacity of the same volume, filled with water. In the surface situation of the island, a lock chamber is used to access the outer wall and pass through the exit hatches of the outer wall into two shelves-steps (taking into account the fins), using handrails for lowering under water. The exit is performed with or without scuba diving using two twenty-meter air ducts from two cylinders of compressed air fixed and hidden from the sun on the outside of the wall nearby. Each duct has a terminal breathing device with an air regulator and mouthpiece. When exiting under water from the lock chamber to the water mass, the submariner is offered an “air collar” - an air tank for 10-15 minutes of breathing when opening the hatch, and then use air ducts. A nozzle with two outlet pipes for two air ducts is screwed into each compressed air cylinder. The second duct through the external wall goes into the building for the regulated use of air supply to the building during dives during a storm. M 30 cylinders with hoses = 2.4 tons. In this case, the volumes of 15 lock chambers 32.4 m ³ require sea water with a relative density of 1.024 t / m ³ 33.1776 t, which is pumped from the outside into the additional containers of the chambers. This water is taken into account in the negative buoyancy of the building and the island as a whole. When an underwater swimmer enters the chamber, the first pump of the gateway pours water from its tank, which helps the diver to safely withstand the pressure of the external water array when opening the hatch of the external wall, leaving the open pond and closing the hatch. Further, the water remains until it returns or is pumped into the tank for the exit of another underwater swimmer. Without a vessel, there are fluctuations in the building's buoyancy when sea water is poured into a chamber with a diver and when water is pumped over the “side” of the structure when it is returned. If there is a tank, such fluctuations are absent if the sequence of actions is followed: the diver enters the chamber from the room, closes the entrance hatch, pours water from the tank, in which the remainder of the water remains equal to the displacement by the diver, which then opens the hatch into the body of water of the reservoir, exits and closes hatch, while the mass of water in the chamber is equal to the mass of water that was in the tank, and the remainder of the water in the tank, equal to the displacement of the diver, is approximately equal to the mass of the diver himself, who was absent on the island at that time ue, i.e. fluctuations in the buoyancy of the island in the absence of a swimmer does not occur. Upon the diver's return, water from the airlock by its second pump overflows into the tank to its fullness. The same procedures are done when going into the pond and the two divers return. The second approach can be done separately with the discharge of water from the lock chamber into the tank after the first diver enters the reservoir, while a mass of water appears in the tank with the volume of the lock chamber and the remaining water in the chamber equal to the displacement of the first diver. This remaining volume allows the second diver to enter the lock chamber. When water is added from the tank and the second one enters the reservoir, with a full lock chamber, the remainder of the water will have the remaining volume of the water displacement of two divers, while also maintaining the absence of fluctuations in the buoyancy of the island. When the divers return one at a time with the overflow of water into the tank, its fullness again appears in the tank and the water mass of the volume of the other diver remains in the lock chamber; when water is poured from the tank into the chamber, when another diver returns, its mass of displaced water remains in the tank and then drain back to it becomes full, and the lock chamber with a diver becomes empty, i.e. stability is maintained again. Indoors, in the lock chamber and outside, there are parallel buttons to turn on the camera’s bay from the tank and the tank’s bay from the chamber (automatic shutdown), enable emergency pumping of water from the chamber by the third pump into the reservoir, including random water from the room, for which purpose the camera was made overlapping hole. There is a provision for filling and discharging water into and out of the lock chamber from and to a pond when accessing the island’s automatic buoyancy control system from a navigational cabin, remote control from the control panel to fill an additional tank with sea water when immersed, and its possible discharge when the island is raised. The camera hatch is located in the front wall of the airlock, at the top of which there are air inlet and outlet valves from and to the room, the same above the additional tank. In two rooms on the island, a stationary decompression pressure chamber is installed, each for six divers sitting or two lying with violations of the length of stay at depth, as the island’s normal atmospheric pressure. To transfer equipment, tools, equipment, soil samples, flora and fauna, tanks with samples of sea water in the wall of the building, a transitional armored tank in the form of a pipe, for example, 20 cm in diameter and 60 cm in length, was made near the lock chamber end faces, tightly closed lids and pressure locks, with a small inclination inward to drain up to 19 liters of water, with an external container, a step shelf and a handle. On the island there are two fresh water tanks of 10 m ³ identical to the tanks of the regulation compartment, M of tank water = 20 t, M of two steel tanks with adapter pipes through lockable holes in the wall for the bay from a fresh water tanker = 6.23 t. pumping up to 15 tons of sea water to sectional distillers, from which to the storage tanks and from them to the shower units and for the washbasin, the other part of the sea water enters the toilet tanks. Centralized at the sector level, distilled water is supplied to a storage tank with mineralization for drinking and cooking (backup option), there is a domestic waste water storage device that is removed by a sewage pump through a bypass pipe to a treatment plant using, for example, Desavid reagent, which is not contains toxic components such as chlorine, aldehydes, phenols and others (www.npoekomir.ru).

Power supply is provided by solar panels installed on the roof of buildings, with the connection of inverters MAP "Energy", which charge the batteries and then convert the stored energy to 220 volts, maximizing efficiency. Electricity can also be from a separate wave or wind power or anchored power station or from a portable nuclear installation developed for the housing and communal services system of Russia, for example, a modular lead-bismuth nuclear power plant with a fourth-generation fast reactor SVBR-100 (SSC RF IPPE Obninsk, Kaluga region). The disconnection of the mains electricity is duplicated by the inclusion of batteries for the operation of pumps for pumping water overboard from the control compartment, additional capacities of the lock chambers. Electricity consumers are three powerful rear electric motors and 6 side reversible electric motors, which rotate 360 ° in a vertical plane, the installation of which is permanently mounted on metal axle rods, each of which rotates on two pillow bearings. One of the bearings is located in a horizontal support beam, for example, 1.2 m long, welded at the level of the mid-height of the reinforcement of the ballast compartment. The second bearing is hermetically made in the plexus of four mounting posts, angled on the ends of a horizontal beam and an additional vertical beam crossing the first. Fixing racks are used to form a streamlined structure around the racks of a hydrodynamic tight "fin" with a biconvex symmetrical profile, in which there is a space for an electric drive device with a gear system with the ability for the rod and outwardly an electric motor with a propeller to perform circular rotations in the vertical plane and be fixed. The joint operation of six side electric motors using their reversibility and the difference in the angles of rotation allows, for example, the resulting commands to be used by the joystick to raise and lower the island under water at its zero buoyancy, to turn and move the island in any direction, increasing the speed of the three main power feed engines in the absence of hydrodynamic cavitation during propeller operation and regardless of weather conditions. There are four electric pumps for fountains and water filling the internal space of buildings, 4 pumps for draining water from the pool, and electric motors with actuators for shut-off valves of 4 holes of the pool with a radius of 1 m each, with a total mass of 3.4 tons. 75 pumps of locks and their containers are considered by designs. If necessary, electricity can be used to heat rooms with an ultra-thin 0.4 mm carbon infrared film that converts electrical energy into heat from objects in the area of influence (PASK LLC, www.ynoci.m). The operation of batteries for an emergency is constantly maintained and there are portable power plants or power generators in stock, which in extreme cases are located on the water surface on a raft or in a hermetically sealed room with separate ventilation inside the building. The mass of power supply installations, batteries, electric motors, electric drives, auxiliary devices, support beams, brackets = 4.5 t.

Vertical movements are carried out by changing the buoyancy from positive to negative and vice versa, as well as using reversible engines. On a “populated” island, corrections for negative buoyancy are made by adding, for example, a variety of materials and equipment. When mastering a stay on an island, the adjustment is made taking into account the weight of the settlers, the total content that is brought to the island is determined by adding the required mass of water, for example, by counting the water supply and discharge to gravity parameters, taken into account for negative buoyancy, and going from positive to zero buoyancy . The data obtained are subject to analysis to develop a favorable standard and according to the private requirements of the balance of buoyancy. For example, the regulation includes that the minimum number of islanders is 150 people, their mass of 15 tons is taken into account in the negative buoyancy of the building, 150 people in the tanks of the regulation compartment, and water is poured with their mass, which is balanced to the size of the mass of arrived islanders. If there are more islanders, then due to the reserve for the islet masses, for other changing masses, for closing 3-5 lock chambers and draining their additional capacities, and more if underwater diving is not planned. If the islanders are less than 150 people, then for the necessary severity appear barrels of water. Observing ballasting, at the same time, the same volume of gulf or discharge of water is performed in 4 tanks of the island's buoyancy regulation compartment. With seawater, for example, with a density of p = 1.024 t / m ^3, positive buoyancy by the bay to V = 15 m ³ , M = 15.36 t by dipping the island or draining water from the regulation compartment, flooded to lift the island, is totally extinguished from the level of zero buoyancy up to 15 m ³ , M = 15.36 t. V of water for draining and admitting an additional 150 people to the island = 14.648437 m ³ , M = 15 t. V of water for draining when additional equipment appears on the island up to 10 m ³ , M = 10.24 t, stocks - up to 10 m ³ , M = 10.24 t, compensating for the severity of the floats with part of the ducts that remain on the surface of the water up to V = 1.953125 m ³ , M = 2 tons. So, V of four tanks = 66,601562 m ³ , with M water = 52.84 tons, V = 16.65039 m ³ , M = 13.21 tons of water in each tank, taken into account negative buoyancy of the building and the whole island. Tanks are installed in the cabins of the inner ring, given the ballasting of two tanks with fresh water in a circle of cabins of the outer ring. They are made in the form of a steel box with a corrosion-resistant coating, with an open or closed top, with V of 22 m each, with a width along the radius of the building adjacent to the wall of the ring 5.2 m, across the radius along the wall 2.7 m long, with a thickness walls and bottom of 1 cm, the height of the tank’s capacity is 1.5847 m, the height of the water in the tank is 1.2 m when it is completely filled with the water of immersion and 0.929 m when there is no water intended for immersion of the island. S of the walls and bottom of the tank = 39.015 m ² , V of steel = 0.39015 m ³ , M of steel of the walls and bottom of one tank = 3.07 t, M of four tanks = 12.28 t, together with pumps and pipes M = 12, 4 tons. Each tank is equipped with water supply and drain pumps with on and off switching from the control panel, with duplication of turning on the water drain pump from the battery. Through the pumps, the pipes are lowered in the ballast compartment to its bottom. Under the ceiling of rooms with tanks in the circumferential wall of the corridor, openings are made for the passage of air to and from the tanks of the regulation compartment. If it is necessary to urgently raise the island, reversible electric motors are used, the valves of the bottom holes of the pools are gradually opened, the water of the reserves is drained according to the changing masses, while the dosed water is drained from the additional containers of the lock chambers, in emergency situations, the unwinding of the air ducts on the winch drums is automatically stopped, water drains are added additional capacities of locks, sea, distilled, fresh and sewage. The water fill level of the building regulation compartment is determined by an electronic-acoustic instrument for measuring the liquid level in tanks (State Register of Instruments of Russia No. 29726-05, Samara, SSAU), water meters, sensors, flow meters with analytical data processing are recorded, which can be used for automatic regulation of the operation of the regulation compartment. Waterline level i.e. finding the balance of the island on the surface of the ballast compartment, is also detected by the water level of the swimming pool with open valves. An echo sounder determines the depth of the reservoir, schools of fish and large underwater objects.

According to the final data, M building of a ring building = 2573.7513 t, M building building with a runway = 5495.2078 t. M building two buildings = 8068.959 t. 190.3 t = mass presence on the island of 150 people, the contents of the premises, including tanks and outdoor equipment, including fountains, gate valves and electric motors, 141.0176 t = mass of water of the regulation compartment, additional capacities of locks, drinking and household water. M buildings = 8400.2766 t, V buildings = 43175.004 m ³ , M displacement of buildings = 44211.2 03 t. The ballast compartment with an area of 31400 m ^{2 is} made of foam concrete with a relative density p = 0.65 t / m ³ . Four inspection wells with S = 0.63585 m ² each, S wells = 2.5434 m ² , eight pipes from the tanks of the regulation compartment with external R = 0.07 m, S = 0.015386 m ² , four pipes for supplying technical and household water to buildings, four pipes for pumping water into the interior of the island, including fountains, four pipes for pumping water from two pools and four pipes for discharging sewage. S 24 pipes = 0.369264 m ² and two equal pools with R = 17.677669 m, S pools = 981.24993 m ² , S wells, pipes and two pools = 1965.4125 m ² . S ballast compartment = 29434.588 m ² . If the data on pipes and pumps are taken into account in the building management, the pools are made of steel 1.5 cm thick with anti-corrosion coating, the height of the walls of the pools = 2.5 m, with 4 valves open, the water in the pools rises to the waterline to a height of 2, 1 m. With 4 pumps, water can be pumped with closed valves to the required children's depth. Gate valves are fenced with a red boom net. An emergency landing of the island at the bottom of the reservoir is made at the bottom of the pools. S sections of the pool wall = 1.66454 m ² , V steel of the basins = 37.710259 m ³ , M steel = 296.77973 t, M displacement of steel of the basins = 38.615305 t with negative buoyancy - 258.16443 t, which is determined by formula: P steel = V steel × (p of sea water - p steel) obtained from the universal formula presented at the beginning of the description. The ballast compartment, which, like buildings (except for the runway interlayer), consists of foam-glass with a calculated relative density of 0.65 t / m ³ , compensates for the negative buoyancy of buildings and steel pools providing equal positive buoyancy. M of foam ballast compartment = P (required positive buoyancy) × p of foam: (p of sea water - p of foam) = (8400.2766 t + 258.16443 t) × 0.65 t / m ³ : (1.024 t / m ³ - 0.65 t / m ³ ) = 15048.092 t. Required positive buoyancy = 8658.441 t. V ballast compartment foam = 23150.91 m ³ , h ballast compartment foam = 0.7865206 m. M displacement of ballast compartment foam = 23706.531 t. Verification: M of the displacement of the ballast compartment foam - M of its foam = P of the required positive buoyancy: 23706.531 t - 15048.092 t = 8658.439 t. V islands = 24866.721 m ³ +18308.283 m ³ +37.710259 m ³ +23150.91 m ³ = 66363.624 m ³ , M in ballast compartment displacement = 23706.531 t + 38.615305 t = 23745.146 t. M island displacement = 67956.349 t. M island = 8400.2766 t + 296.77973 t + 15048.092 t + 44211.2 t (mass of sea water filling the interior of the island when it reaches zero buoyancy) = 67956.348 t. M of the island (together with M of water filling the interior of the island) = M of its displacement, which allows for controlled diving, lifting, underwater movement, and without a mass of water of internal spaces to have a waterline at the level of the foundations of buildings - the surface of the ballast compartment and when open ies or closed valves pools perform surface transportation. By selecting the relative density of the reinforced foam, find the size and height of the ballast compartment of the island. At its bottom there are eyelets for fastening pendant holes - with small and large holes, hollow with thin walls of foam-glass containers in the form of balls and eggs with a diameter of 0.2 to 1 m, which, subject to immobility and calm, will be reef formations.

When diving, the hydrostatic pressure of the water on the wall, roof and bottom of the building increases, which is taken into account to ensure the hermetic strength of the structure, for example, when diving for 15 m, the pressure together with atmospheric pressure increases by 2.5 times, and on the bottom of the pools it is 0.485 at. than on the roof of the building and runway.

The technical result of the invention is to develop a self-propelled island with a runway and with a set of devices: functioning in the surface, in transitions under water or to the surface and in underwater life support of the islanders and the ability to carry out labor, recovery and rest, access to the water body, to the bottom, to make underwater travels, contemplating and studying the local flora and fauna.

The invention is illustrated by the drawing, which shows an island with a ring building 1, with an external wall, seamlessly made and coinciding with the edge of the island, and a diametrical building 2 with a runway on the roof. Entrance to the island is through roster 3 of the “bow” part of the island and hatches 4 on the sides of the navigational cabin 5. In the centers of the two internal spaces of the island there are 6 pools with bottoms 7, in which openings with valves 8 and their electric drives are made. The ring building is divided by sector walls 9 into eight sectors. The roofs of the buildings contain solar panels 10. To provide air from the surface of the water from the air conditioner 11 and the winch 12 with a drum and an electric drive upward through a sleeve in the ceiling, an air duct 14 passes through a pipe with a bell 13 and then connects to the cylinder 15 of the hemispherical float 16, above which the cylinder is screwed in with a nozzle of indestructibility 17 from rain, a side wave with a mini-bell effect. A beacon, antennas 18 SOS, television, mobile communications, GPS and GLONASS systems are installed on top of the nozzle. To preserve during a storm, the float is filled with water through the lower two and two upper holes 19, the edges of which are thickened and the covers are usually tightly screwed into them with a gasket. During the storm, the covers are removed. In this case, the nozzle is screwed along the cylinder until it is sealed by the bottom of the duct or it is twisted and together with the antennas it is removed inside the building, and the cap is screwed onto the cylinder. In accordance with the needs and ballasting, two places were allocated at an equal distance from each other for tanks 20 with fresh water and four for tanks 21 of the island's buoyancy regulation compartment with pumps and water supply and discharge pipes. In the inner parts of the island, along with sports fields, jogging and walking paths, beaches and pools, there are 4 fountains 22, the pumps of which are used to fill the internal spaces with water when the island is immersed. On both sides of the bow to the stern, on the sides of the island, three reversible electric motors 23 are installed at equal distances, working smoothly for lifting and immersion, which can rotate and move in any direction, increasing the speed of the three main power feed electric motors 24.

The implementation of the surface work of island devices is to ensure buoyancy along the waterline, i.e. when the buildings are completely elevated, being on the plane of the ballast compartment. In order for such a plane to be dry, the bottom valves of the pools are closed, part of the water of the pools is pumped out and the island rises above or the water of several additional containers of the lock chambers is drained. Since the pool water evaporates, from time to time fountains turn on in the direction of the pool or water flow is provided in its direction or the valves open slightly. Zero buoyancy is achieved by closing four valves in the pools; two internal spaces of the buildings are filled with 4 pumps that worked on fountains to the level when the roofs of buildings are at the level of the water surface. The immersion is made by damping the positive buoyancy - by the bay inside the building of the part of the tanks of the regulation compartment. Before diving, the final briefing and training of underwater swimmers, i.e. those who intend to go under the water in the lock chambers into the body of water and to the bottom. At the end of the landing and there, at the beginning of the runway, there can be collapsible hangars with tent covers, which are stored for the duration of the dives, when the runway is freed from aircraft. It is necessary to check all systems operating with leaks and prepare for a complete immersion. Under water, the operation of reversible electric motors controlled by a joystick allows vertical movements and horizontal movements, and the main aft electric motors allow long-distance transitions in manual mode or in automatic mode. At the same time, technical proposals are used, such as the Crocodile radar station of the Soyuz Holding Company, www.stksoyuz.ru , the GLONASS and GPS navigation system and electronic program control of the operation of engines and pumps taking into account the spatial orientation, including the device with side orientation light, given commands, readings of the bay level with water of the regulation compartment with respect to zero buoyancy by electronic acoustic devices, water meters, sensors, flow meters, which ensures that the last hatch is closed automatic execution of dives and ascents, the passage of the tourist route in a closed curve, stops and rotations in the places required by flora and fauna, return and ascent to the starting position. Immersion depths of up to 30 m are controlled by instruments or by marking the air ducts when they are unwound from the winch drums of air conditioners. For a fixed hover on the floats, the winch drums are stopped rotating at the required length of the unwound air ducts. The rise is carried out from zero buoyancy by draining the water of the regulation compartment, designed to rise, the gradual opening of the valves by the operation of electric motors and natural ascent based on the positive buoyancy of air buildings. In the reserve - drain the compensation water of the regulation compartment, if necessary, use metered drain of the additional water in the lock chambers, if urgent - drain the household, domestic and drinking water, steer with the help of reversible electric motors, pull up to the floats.

Strict regulations are provided for the construction, testing, certification, approval and operation of island buildings and the runway. Clear detailed instructions are drawn up for behavior, accommodation, work and rest on the island with a possibly complete set of emergency situations, including during takeoffs and landings of aircraft and helicopters, and actions of settlers. They are instructed, acquainted with equipment, equipment and safety measures, for example, using airlock pumps, its additional capacity, opening and closing manhole covers, operation of water pumps for interior spaces and pool pumps, a regulation compartment, and use of compressed air cylinders for breathing under water and indoors during stormy weather, using breathing tubes with a mouthpiece, inspiratory and expiratory valves inserted into an air chamber connected to an air conditioner and I usually shut off, for breathing, when the air conditioner is turned off, I know the prohibitions, for example, do not use lock chambers when diving the island, when water is poured into all additional containers, when the island rises, when their water can also automatically merge into the reservoir, and when the rise is completed, it is poured again. A set of equipment and equipment for 2-3 security systems and emergency lifting to the surface of the water, offers individual air “collars” with hanging belts, inflated for 15 minutes of breathing, which is enough to exit through the lock chamber and float to the surface of the reservoir, as well as regeneration devices air.

Claims (4)

1. Self-propelled surface-underwater island-hydroaerodrome, round for streamlining, reducing sailing and cornering comfort, containing aerial buildings and a ballast compartment, ensuring their position of the center of lift above the center of gravity of the island, as well as inside and outside the buildings, having: island buoyancy regulation compartment for the transition of buoyancy from positive to negative, and vice versa, with vertical movements, the air supply from the surface of the water through the nozzles of indefinability, floats, ducts, air conditioners, hatches of entry and exit yes, lock chambers, places of residence, warehousing, cooking and eating, viewing windows, manholes in a semi-ballast compartment on which electric motors of horizontal movements are installed, and the size of which is determined by the universal formula for calculating the buoyancy of the body according to the Archimedes law, characterized in that it is multifunctional the floating island is monolithically built with two hermetic buildings: a ring building with an external round wall flush with the side underwater part of the floating island - the ballast compartment and a diametrical building, on the roof of which a runway (Runway) is located, and the buildings and ballast compartment are mainly constructed of foam-glass with a relative density less than the density of sea water so that the buildings are completely above the island waterline - on the surface of the ballast compartment, and underwater immersion of the island occurs if it contains buildings of any number of floors in the form of an annular or other closed configuration of external walls with the ability to fill the interior spaces acutely and water with a mass equal in total to the displacement of buildings, otherwise with a smaller mass of water there are difficulties in reaching zero buoyancy and immersion, with a larger one there is a danger of sinking, and the foam of buildings reduces their negative buoyancy, which, together with the buoyancy of the steel of two pools, is compensated by the positive buoyancy of the foam ballast compartment, while the difference in mass of the displacement of the foam material of the ballast compartment and its mass is equal to the required positive buoyancy of the island, equal to the mass of the displacement and the waters of its internal spaces are equal to the mass of buildings, the ballast compartment and the water of the internal spaces to the mass of the island's displacement: buildings and ballast compartment, and the selection and relative density of foam material are the size and height of the island’s ballast compartment, and the island is structurally equipped with a regulation compartment and a set of functioning devices on the surface of the water, in underwater passage or ascent and natural ascent to the surface based on the positive buoyancy of aerial buildings when opening pool openings s and 30 m underwater position comfortable Islander life support; the ring building contains separate hotel cabins, as well as offices, housing and communal facilities, restaurants, cafes and canteens, shops, while the diametral building contains airport equipment and office facilities, island warehouses, production workshops, for example, fish farming and processing, premises and grounds of the closed stadium, a greenhouse for growing mushrooms, vegetables and fruits, fitness rooms, recreational marine hospitals, saunas, walkways to the territory of the two internal spaces of the island through 30 sunroof holes, 15 on each side of the building and 2 hatches on each end - passages inside the ring building, moreover, in the interior of the island on both sides of the diametrical building are made: two spacious depth-adjustable, wave-free swimming pools , playgrounds and tracks with a rubber corrugated coating for sports and beach vacations, 2 pumps for supplying water to the interior of the island, they also supply water for fountains, 2 pumps for draining water from pools, at the bottom of which there are 2 overlapable openings of the hole, and at zero buoyancy of the island to use the change in buoyancy from positive to negative, and vice versa, for vertical movements under water, under water and vice versa, balancing work on changing islet masses, economic and food reserves, seafood, the role of regulating buoyancy the island has a regulation compartment, and in order to reach zero buoyancy, the gates of the swimming pools closed by the valves, the internal spaces of the building configurations with additional locks are filled tanks filled with water, and if the island needs emergency lifting, reversible electric motors are used, the valves of the bottom of the pools are gradually opened, the reserves water is drained according to the changing masses, and at the same time, metered discharge of water from the additional containers of the lock chambers is performed, in case of emergency, the unwinding of the air ducts on drums of winches, drains of water of additional capacities of locks, sea, distilled, fresh and waste water, etc. are added than the devices of the first building include: on the roof there are 8 floats with air ducts installed for air supply, 15 rooms are allocated for access to the water mass through lock chambers with additional tanks, 4 of which are in suites, 2 chambers with access to the interior of the island , 1 chamber in the laboratory, 62 hatches are made in the walls and roof, of which 30 are in the lock chambers, 12 are outside and 8 are inside the island, 4 are for runways, 8 are sector inside the building, while for the movement 9 motors are installed on mid-height to to the ballast compartment, and on the roof of another building, landing on the runway is performed using modern navigation and navigation aids, for example, along the course-glide path in the form of a system of infrared emitters installed at the beginning of the landing strip, or various light-signal systems with luminous stripes, markers or axial lights take-off and landing lines, restrictions, side and entry lines, landing and approaching zones, and the runway axis passes in diameter next to the nose-feed diameter of the island, which provides an exit while passengers landing the aircraft and taking off near the navigational cabin, from where the island and the airfield are controlled, for example, the light of the storage cabins in the landing strip area is turned off when the aircraft is landing, while two helipads are provided in the center of the runway and the island in the absence of takeoffs and landings of aircraft, also closer to the center landing of light aircraft is carried out with a sand pad at the end of the strip. 2. Self-propelled surface-underwater island-hydroaerodrome according to claim 1, characterized in that the island with buildings and a runway (runway) is made with an external radius of R ₁ = 100 m, the area S of the island = 31400 m ² , the height h of the surface part islands above the waterline = height of buildings = 2.75 m, including solar panels, mainly mounted on the roof of buildings, which occupy half the island in area - 15700 m ² , the length of the ring building on the outer circumference = 628 m, on the inside = 529.91594 m at R ₂ = 84.38152 m, the width of the building in terms of radius = 15.61848 m, h of the premises = 2.5 m, S of the building = 9042.444 m ² , volume V of the building = 24866.721 m ³ , M displacement of the building = 25463.522 t with a relative density of sea water p = 1.024 t / m ³ , the length of the diametrical building with a runway = 168.76304 m, which is with the walls of the ring building is the diameter of the island = 200 m, S runway = 6657.5578 m ² , S of two buildings = 15700 m ² , V building of the runway = 18308.283 m ³ , V of two buildings = 43175.004 m ³ , M displacement of the building of the runway = 18747 , 681 t, with h premises = 2.35 m, the thickness of the roof of the runway and landing strip = 40 cm, M of the displacement of two buildings = 44211.203 t and this mass is equal to M of water when filled to the roof level with the remaining free space inside ri is the island units: 15700 m ² × 2,75 m × 1,024 t / m ³ = 44211.2 m, and reinforced with an insert Penosital taken in the calculation p = 0.65 t / m ³ for external walls, roof and building ring the total volume of foam building with a runway and p = 0.63 t / m ³ for the internal walls and partitions of the first building, with S sections of the outer wall of the building ring = 188.118 m ² with a wall thickness of 0.3 m, V walls to the ballast compartment = 517.3245 m ^3, adjusted by the inserted illuminators 136 and the panorama window wall navigational cutting m t = 327.41578, R manhole = 0.4 m and S = 0,5024 m ^2, m Penosital with the armature, and yatoy with the hatch space = 0.097968 t, i.e. almost equal to M of the hatch device and does not make any changes to the mass of the wall, R _{2 of the} outer wall inside the building ring = 84.38152 m, S of the outer wall section inside the building ring = 159.257 m ² , V of the solid wall to the ballast compartment = 437.95675 m ³ , M walls, taking into account 122 windows = 276.62102 t, h h = 0.25 m, S roof = 9042.444 m ² , of which 188.118 m ² +159.257 m ² are the ends of the outer walls of the building rings, actually S roof = 8695.069 m ^2, V = 2173,7672 m ^3, m = 1412.9486 t, the thickness of the vertical circumferential wall within a building slabs = 0.2 m, the radial walls of m = 0.15, S sectional inner circumferential wall between cabin outer wall and the corridor = 117.561 m ^2, V circumferential wall 196 doorways = 240.3945 m ^3, M a wall with doors t = 158.89653, S solid section of the second circumferential wall of the corridor and cabin inside the island = 114.021 m ^2, conditionally used by 82.4%, V = 234.88326 m ³ , M = 147.97645 t, S sections of continuous solid walls, each with one transition hatch in the corridor, taking into account intersections with circumferential walls = 2.192772 m ² , V = 5.48193 m ³ , M = 3.4536159 t, M of eight sector walls = 27.628927 t, S sections of radial 28 partitions 30 cabins inside the sector = 25.2 m ² , V = 63 m ³ , M = 39 , 69 t, M cabin radial walls of eight sectors taking into account the combination of some cabins (suites) and the absence of cabins when allocating other rooms, total = 222.264 t, and on a building with a runway 40 m wide, conditional separation into take-off, for example, 15 m and landing, for example, 25 m, is possible made in the same plane of the thickened roof of a diametrical building 168.76304 m long, built together with the ring building, while the upper layer of strips is made of reinforced concrete with a polymer coating, and on the landing strip there is an additional shock-absorbing rubber coating, p Therefore, reinforced concrete, for example, with a relative density of 4.5 t / m ³ makes up a layer of 10 cm, the remaining 30 cm contains foam with welded transverse-longitudinal steel reinforcement, for example, with a relative density of 0.65 t / m ³ , below the roof there are for example, 9 longitudinal walls with a thickness of 0.5 m along the chords with respect to the ring building with a width of rooms between them of 4.25 m from the external walls and 4.5 m inside the diametrical building, S of the runway roof = 6657.5578 m ² , V concrete = 665.75578 m ³ , M reinforced concrete = 2995.901 t, V reinforced roof foam = 1997.2673 m ³ , M foam tala = 1298.2237 t, M of the entire roof of the runway = 4294.1247 t, h of rooms = 2.35 m, the total arc of the ends of the building with the runway = 80.46872 m, taking into account the wall thickness of 0.5 m, S of the ends = 40, 23436 m ² , V = 94.550746 m ³ , M end faces = 61.457984 t, length of all longitudinal walls = 1492.1444 m, S of all longitudinal walls of the building Runway = 746.0722 m ² at V = 1753.2696 m ³ and M = 1139.6252 t, M of the building’s walls = 1201.0831 t, S of the building of the runway = 6657.5578 m ² , V of the whole building = 18308.283 m ³ , M of the whole building = 5495.2078 t, M of the displacement of the runway building = 18747.681 t, M aerodrome equipment, including stairs and hatches, = 7.8 t, contents of production, research, laboratory facilities, sports Algae, greenhouses contain equipment and materials, for example, in 29 tons, including 0.52 tons of a steel bar 1 cm in diameter, passing two strands to the soldered reinforcing bars of the runway side railing on three sides, and 0.56 tons of the mass difference of the removed foam and two pipes made of polymer materials with a relative density of 2.25 t / m ³ , R = 0.06 m, a wall thickness of 0.01 m, laid along the floor of the building with a runway behind the end walls for water connection of the island’s internal spaces, items of trade, sports, recreation, entertainment amount to 9 tons, provided about the use of technical - sea water of 20 tons with tanks weighing 6.23 tons with partial distillation of water for domestic needs, part of the installations, devices, entire premises can be changed between the buildings, it is important to take into account their weight and according to the final data M of the building of the ring building = 2573.7513 t, M hulls of a building with a runway = 5495.2078 t, M hulls of two buildings = 8068.959 t; the mass of presence on the island of 150 people, the contents of the premises, including tanks and outdoor equipment, including fountains, valves and electric motors = 190.3 tons; water mass of the regulation compartment, additional capacities of locks, drinking and household water = 141.0176 t, M buildings = 8400.2766 t, V buildings = 43175.004 m ³ , M building displacement = 44211.203 t, ballast compartment with an area of 31400 m ^{2 is} made of foam concrete of relative density p = 0.65 t / m ³ , four inspection wells S = 0.63585 m ² each, S wells = 2.5434 m, eight pipes from tanks of the regulation compartment with external R = pass through it through it 0.07 m, S = 0,015386 m ^2, such as the four pipes for supplying technical and service water in buildings, the four pipes for the water supply pumps in internal a space of the island, including fountains, four pipes pumping water of the two pools and the four pipes for the discharge of wastewater, S 24 pipes = 0.369264 m ² and two pools R = 17,677669 m, S = 981.24993 basin m ² , S wells, pipes and two equal pools = 1965.4125 m ² , S ballast compartment = 29434.588 m ² , if the data for pipes and pumps are taken into account in the building management, then the pools are made of steel 1.5 cm thick with anti-corrosion coating, the height of the walls of the pools = 2.5 m, with 4 open valves the water in the pools rises to the waterline to a height of 2.1 m, with four pumps the water can kachivatsya closed valves to a desired depth child, latches protected network with red booms, emergency landing on the bottom of the island is made of the reservoir to the bottom of swimming pools, S pool wall section 1.66454 m = ^2, V = 37.710259 steel pools m ³ steel M = 296.77973 t, M displacement of the steel of the basins = 38.615305 t with negative buoyancy - 258.16443 t, which is determined by the formula П steel = V steel × (p of sea water - p steel), and a ballast compartment, consisting as building except interlayer runway Penosital calculated from the relative density of 0.65 t / m ^3, the compensating negative buoyancy of buildings and steel pools ensuring equal positive buoyancy, M of the ballast compartment foam = P (required positive buoyancy) × p of foam: (p of sea water - p of foam) = (8400.2766 t + 258.16443 t) × 0, 65 t / m ³ : (1.024 t / m ³ - 0.65 t / m ³ ) = 15048.092 t, required positive buoyancy = 8658.441 t, V ballast compartment foam = 23150.91 m ³ , h ballast foam compartment = 0.7865206 m, M displacement foam ballast compartment = 23706.531 t, check: M displacement foam ballast compartment - M foam compartment = M required positive buoyancy: 23706.531 t - 15048.092 t = 8658.439 t, V islands - 24866.721 m ³ +18308.283 m ³ +37.710259 m ³ +23150.91 m ³ = 66363.624 m ³ , M displacement of the ballast compartment = 23706.531 t + 38.615305 t = 23745.146 t, M of the displacement of the island = 67956.349 t, M of the island = 8400.2766 t + 296.77973 t + 15048.092 t + 44211 , 2 t (the mass of sea water filling the interior of the island, when it reaches zero buoyancy) = 67956.348 t, M of the island (together with the mass of water filling the interior of the island) = M of its displacement, which allows for controlled diving, lifts, underwater movements, and without mass during s interior spaces have the waterline at the bases of buildings - the surface of the ballast compartment and by opening or closing valves perform pools surface movement. 3. A self-propelled surface-underwater island-hydroaerodrome according to claim 1, characterized in that the buoyancy of the surface part of the island is equal to the displacement of buildings of 44211.203 tons and it can be increased by 4182.9078 tons when pumping out the water of the pools with their holes closed, by 33 , 1776 tons when pumping water of additional lock tanks, for 15 tons of water from the regulation compartment and 35 tons of household water, which is 48,477.288 tons of positive buoyancy and a reserve of gravity of loads on the runway, moreover, the specificity of the runway is its location on the diameter of a round island , on the edge of which a circular aerial building with a height of 2.75 m is made, the strip itself is also at such a height that when landing or taking off, the plane approaches the central part of the island, where the island has the greatest stability and strength, which is made with the ability to rotate the island with Runway along the wave line, as well as additionally raise and lower the runway above the water surface. 4. Self-propelled surface-underwater island-hydroaerodrome according to claim 1, characterized in that, observing the ballasting, the same volume or discharge of water is performed in 4 tanks of the island's buoyancy regulation compartment at a relative density of sea water, for example, p = 1,024 t / m ³ , so the positive buoyancy of the bay to V = 15 m ³ , M = 15.36 t for dipping the island, or by draining the water from the regulation compartment, flooded on the rise of island V with flooded water = 15 m ³ , is quenched from the level of zero buoyancy = 15.36 t, V water for discharge and inlet to the island s 150 = 14.648437 m, M m = 15, V water to drain when a island additional hardware to 10 m ^3, M = 10.24 t, inventories - 10 m ^3, M = 10.24 m , compensation for the severity of the floats with part of the ducts that remain on the surface of the water up to V = 1,953125 m ³ , M = 2 t, i.e. V of four tanks = 66.601562 m ³ , with M of water - 52.84 tons, V = 16.65039 m ³ , M = 13.21 tons of water in each tank with open or closed top, taken into account in the negative buoyancy of the building and the islands as a whole, and the tanks themselves, together with pumps and pipes, have M = 12.4 tons and are installed in the rooms of the cabins of the inner ring.