RU2399549C1 - Self-propelled surface-submerged island - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport. ^ SUBSTANCE: invention relates to hydraulic works. Proposed self-propelled surface-submerged island comprises building and ballast compartment made from gas concrete. Island area makes 31400 sq.m. Note here that proposed island is designed for dwelling of up to persons. Island is provided with GPS and GLONASS systems. There are athletic fields, running and walking tracks, beach, adjustable-depth swimming pool and fountains. Island can be submerged to 30 m, and to move in surface and submerged positions. ^ EFFECT: improved working and recreation conditions for personnel. ^ 7 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the construction of hydraulic structures.

A floating construction in the form of an island is stationary if it is completed with the surface and underwater parts together with the shore, for example, a berth-terminal (patent RU No. 2100249, C1, 27.12.97, B63B 35/44), offshore, but with the bottom, for example, offshore platforms, a resort or recreation center (US patent No. 3895495, 07/22/1975, 405/200) or through anchors, for example, a floating recreation park - patent WO No. 4005128, A1, 01/15/2004, B63B 35/44, piles, a column or their system, including with surface and underwater pontoons (artificial island - US patent No. 4007598, 02.15.1977, 405/200, hotel and entertainment complex on the water - patent RU No. 2237595, C1, 10.10.2004, B63B 35/44) or pontoon islands with the construction of residential houses, hotels, business centers, restaurants and other - patent RU No. 2061327, 05/27/1996, B63B 35 / 44. The islands can be self-propelled using thrusters, a marine diesel engine or a submarine sail, which allows the multi-functional floating island to use subsurface counterflow and move against the surface current or hold at a point with the specified coordinates (patent RU No. 2107638, C1, 03/27/1998, B 35B 35 / 44). However, there are no islands with immersion under water, which is also based on the use of the relationship between the displacement mass of the physical body - the design of the island and its mass in the air, which is important for its vertical movements. Submarines with a displacement of 49.8 thousand tons and a length of 172 m are used as analogues, for example, the heavy nuclear-powered submarine cruiser missile carrier Dmitry Donskoy (Rossiyskaya Gazeta, 08.28.2008, No. 182 (4739), operation of pontoons with controlled landing depending on the mass of the load and sea waves (patent RU No. 2123958, C1, 12.27.1998, B63C 7/04). New underwater technologies, modern building materials, such as aerated concrete with a relative density of 0.4 to 1.6 t / m ³ with a permanent shuttering, building up an innovation for the construction of floating trov (advertising materials of Al-Zer LLC at the exhibition "All Real Estate of the World 2009", Moscow, Crocus Expo, April 22-26, 2009). The author of this technical description developed a series of self-propelled underwater household objects: restaurant patent RU No. 69484, U1, 12/27/2007, B63G 8/22, cafe-patent RU No. 2348565, C1, 03/10/2009, B63G 8/00, hotel-patent RU No. 72675, U1, 04/27/2008, B63G 8/22, diver training center-patent RU No. 71624, U1, 03.20.2008, B63G 8/22, hotel-restaurant-patent RU No. 72938, U1, 05/10/2008, B63G 8/32). The last of which is taken as a prototype of the proposed development.

In practice, there are no measuring devices for determining the size of the buoyancy of physical bodies, although the method of operation of such devices is found. For example, in the reservoir from zero buoyancy of the determinant-system of the air capacity and its buoyancy neutralizer (patent RU 2281221, C2, 08/10/2006, B63C 11/02), the object is measured to zero (neutral) buoyancy with positive balance compensation measured or negative buoyancy. For homogeneous materials or from their known proportions according to their used masses and volumes, as well as the aggregate of individual compartments, sections, floors and the whole building body, buoyancy is calculated according to the formula based on the Archimedes law (Certificate FSUE VNTIC No. 73200700004 dated 22 January 2007, on an intellectual product: "The universal formula for calculating the buoyancy of the body according to the law of Archimedes"), declared by Monakhov VP: Mt: ρt × ρzh-Mt = Fri, where

Mt - body weight, in g or t;

ρt is the relative density of the body, in g / cm ³ or t / m ³ ;

ρж is the relative density of the liquid, in g / cm ³ or t / m ³ ;

Fri - body buoyancy, in g or t.

The purpose of the invention: to develop a self-propelled surface-underwater model of a monolithic building structure in the form of an island for a safe and comfortable stay, for example, up to three hundred or more people engaged in various types of activities: scientific (marine biology, development of devices, production and domestic life skills on and under water for future settlements), farming for specific species of flora and fauna, exploration or living, for example, oil workers from platforms for operating drilling rigs or arrived for diving, snorkeling, spa and health recreation, entertainment, surface and underwater games, for which, inside the island, perform sports fields, jogging and walking paths, a beach, a depth-adjustable pool, fountains, provide for long and short-term immersion of the island under water depths of up to 30 m, including during a storm on the basis of a change in buoyancy, taking into account the changing mass of ballast and the reserve of buoyancy, the exit and stay of willing and working islanders in the body of water and at the bottom the phenomenon of surface and underwater controlled vertical and horizontal movements of the island.

When designing an island with its ability to be on water and in the mass of water, the initial position is to determine its zero buoyancy, because on water, it rises by the size of its positive buoyancy, for example, calculated at the level of the waterline, with neutral buoyancy under water, the island freezes at the level of immersion at which zero buoyancy occurred (taking into account the inertia of immersion or rise), and when the damping of positive buoyancy continues, the island slowly sinks to the bottom, which is not desirable, since it is not even and will damage the island, which itself will damage the bottom flora and fauna. The island is immersed if it contains a building or buildings of any number of storeys in the form of a ring or other closed configuration with the ability to immerse the island using the internal space for the gulf of water weighing, including the total equal to the displacement of the building or buildings, otherwise with a smaller mass of water - difficulties in reaching zero buoyancy and diving, with greater - the danger of sinking. If the negative buoyancy of the building and the steel of the pool is compensated by the positive buoyancy of aerated concrete, then the difference in the mass of the displacement of the concrete of the ballast compartment and its mass is equal to the required positive buoyancy of the island, equal to the mass of the displacement of the building and the water of its internal space, equal to the mass of the building, the ballast compartment and the water of the inner space, the mass of the displacement islands (buildings and ballast compartment), and the selection and relative density of gas concrete determines the size and height of the ballast compartment ova, that with the device compartment regulation the buoyancy of the island makes it possible to sink and rise to the surface, to make movements above and under water. Structurally, the island contains a set of support devices: its functioning in the surface, in transitions under water or naturally ascending to the surface based on the positive buoyancy of the air building and in underwater positions, comfortable life support for the islanders and the ability to carry out labor, health and recreation.

The proposed hydraulic structure for mass production - a self-propelled multi-functional floating island for short or long stays of up to three hundred or more islanders is monolithically built with a hermetic ring air building with an external round wall flush with the side underwater part of the floating island - a ballast compartment. In addition, they are seamlessly made of gas concrete with a relative density lower than the density of sea water so that the building is completely above the waterline of the island - on the surface of the ballast compartment, which ensures the position of the center of lift above the center of gravity of the whole round for streamlining, reducing sailing and cornering comforts islands. An example of a single-storey ring building containing separate hotel cabins for living, for example, oil workers from platforms, trained divers, underwater farmers, geologists, vacationers, including with children and so on, is proposed. There are production facilities, housing and communal facilities, restaurants, cafes and canteens, shops, gyms and grounds, a greenhouse for growing mushrooms, vegetables and fruits, there are saunas and more. The exterior walls have unified observation windows-windows made of armored glass or tempered glass, a panoramic window, and also 4 inspection wells for the windows (2 in luxury cabins, 1 in the research laboratory and 1 on the recreation area) are made in the ballast compartment. In the center of the island there are: a depth-adjustable spacious wave-free swimming pool, playgrounds and paths with a rubber grooved or other coating for sports and beach holidays, 4 water supply pumps to the interior of the building’s ring, they also supply water for fountains, four water drainage pumps from the pool, at the bottom of which there are 4 openings blocked by shutoff valves. At zero buoyancy of the island, to use the change in buoyancy from positive to negative and vice versa for vertical movements under water, under water and vice versa, balancing work on the changing masses of islanders, economic and food reserves, and seafood, the regulation buoyancy plays the role of regulating the buoyancy of the island, to access zero buoyancy - a gulf of the inner annular space of a building, a swimming pool with additional lock tanks filled with water. 8 floats with air ducts are installed on the roof for air supply, 15 rooms are allocated for access to the water mass through lock chambers with additional tanks, 4 of which are in suites, 2 chambers with access to the interior of the island, 1 chamber in the laboratory. In the external walls, 20 exit hatches from and to the building are made, of which 12 hatches and into the central part of the island have 8 hatches. 9 electric motors are installed at mid-height in a circle around the ballast compartment, and artificial reef structures are suspended at its bottom if the island is not supposed to have vertical and horizontal movements.

For example, the initial data of a self-propelled monolithic island with a building: external R = 100 m, S of the island = 31,400 m ² , h of the surface of the island above the waterline is equal to the height of the ring building of 2.75 m, including solar panels mounted in the roof of the building, which, for example , covers an area of half the island of 15700 m ² . Its length on the outer circumference = 628 m, on the inner = 444.06303 m, h of rooms = 2.5 m, V of the building = V of the space inside the ring of the building = 43175 m ³ , M of the surface displacement of the building = M of water when filling the space inside the ring buildings = 44211.2 t with a relative density of sea water ρ = 1,024 t / m ³ . The width of the building in terms of radius = 29.28933 m from 100 m of the outer wall to 70.710678 m of the inner wall of the building. Its building material is gas concrete with a relative density, for example, ρ = 0.6 t / m ³ . Taking into account the use of fixed reinforced formwork, for example, from glass-magnesium sheet (LSU) with a relative density of 1 t / m ³ , a thickness of 20 and 10 mm, fasteners made of fiberglass, self-tapping screws, a metal mesh and a reinforced insert, is taken in the calculations ρ = 0.65 t / m ³ for external walls and roofs and ρ = 0.63 t / m ³ for internal walls and partitions. To increase the water resistance of concrete, a polymer coating is performed. S of the outer wall section of the building ring = 188.118 m ³ with a wall thickness of 0.3 m, V of the wall to the ballast compartment = 517.3245 m ³ , M of the solid external wall = 336.26092 t. Openings are made in the wall and 136 windows are inserted into them , for example, each in the form of a flat or segment of a ball made of armored glass or tempered two-layer glass (LLC Phototech, Moscow) with variable transparency of the glasses by means of a crystalline film between the layers through which electric current or acrylic or other material is passed. An example of armored glass with a relative density of 2.25 t / m ³ with r = 0.45 m, S of the base of the segment = 0.63585 m ² , h = 6 cm, with the definition according to the formula: V = 1: 6 × 3.14 × h × (h ² + 3r ² ), V glass = 0.0191885 m ³ and M glass = 0.0431741 t, together with fasteners 0.058 t. M concrete with reinforcement removed for windows = 16.862742 t, M inserted 136 portholes = 7.888 tons. A panoramic window is made in the navigational cabin in the outer wall, for example, of armored or tempered glass or fiberglass with a relative density ρ = 2.25 t / m ³ , for example, 1.8 × 2.4 m, 0.1 m thick, M windows = 0.972 t. M seized without tones = 0.8424 t. Adjusted M walls = 327.41578 t, R of the hatch = 0.4 m and its S = 0.5024 m ² , M of concrete with reinforcement removed from the hatch, = 0.097968 t, t .e. it is practically equal to M of the hatch device and does not make any changes to the mass of the wall, more precisely it is determined by weighing the hatch device and taking into account the seized concrete during the construction of the building. R of the outer wall inside the building’s ring = 70.710678 m, S of the outer wall section inside the building’s ring = 133.501 m ² , V of the solid wall to the ballast compartment = 367.12775 m ³ , M = 238.63303 t. The wall has 122 portholes with their M = 7.076 t, M concrete with reinforcement = 15.126865 t, M walls with adjustment = 230.58217 t, roof h = 0.25 m, S roof = 15700 m ² , of which 188.118 m ² +133.501 m ² make up the ends of the outer walls of the rings of the building. Actually S roof = 15378.381 m ² , V = 3844.5952 m ³ , M = 2498.9868 t (take into account the additional gravity of the solar panels, if any). The thickness of the vertical circumferential walls of the ceilings inside the building = 0.2 m, the radial walls = 0.15 m. The building around the circumference has a circle of cabin-hotel rooms for living and service cabins 6 meters wide, the length of the outer wall from 5 m, rooms lock cameras with additional tanks, free space for other needs. Each cabin is allocated space, for example, with an area of 2.4 m ² for a shower, washbasin and toilet, with storage tanks, pipes for supplying and discharging distilled and sea water. Further along the radius to the center there is a circular corridor 2.5 m wide, two circles of production, research, laboratory, utilities, household, household, retail, sports and other facilities with a width of 5.345 m with a wall between them 0.2 m thick, sometimes without or with standard walkways, sometimes without a door, then again a circular corridor 2.5 m wide and a circle of cabins, incl. service 6 m wide, 3.5 m long along the inner ring wall with or without domestic amenities, depending on the purpose. The building is divided into 8 hermetically sealed sectors with access hatches only in the first circular corridor. Counting of sectors from the rostra and the room of the navigator’s cabin, on the sides of which there are service rooms with hatches of entrance and exit from the rostra to the island and back. An example of the conditional layout of the building is given for the possibility of calculating its structural severity. So S is the section of the circumferential inner wall between the cabins of the outer wall and the corridor = 117.561 m ² , V of the solid wall = 293.9025 m ² , M = 185.15857 t, with the deduction of the area of 196 doors, with the opening of one door 0.7 × 1, 95 m with an area of 1.355 m ² , M doors = 0.038 t, M doors = 7.448 t, while concrete with reinforcement V = 0.273 m ³ , M = 0.17199 t, with M concrete of all openings = 33.71004 t , V concrete circumferential wall with doorways = 240.3945 m ³ , M walls with doors = 158.89653 t, S solid section of the circumferential wall of the corridor and industrial premises = 14.171 m ² , according to calculations, for example, it was used taking into account openings, doors , izaynerskih cutouts 65%, V = 185,52787 m ^2, M = 116.88255 t, S solid section circumferential wall of industrial premises = 107.205 m ^2, applied to 42%, V = 112,56525 m ^3, M = 70, 916107 t, S continuous section of the circumferential wall of industrial premises and the corridor = 100.241 m ² , used by 58%, V = 145.34945 m ³ , M = 91.570153 t, S continuous section of the circumferential wall of the corridor and cabins = 96.851 m ² , used by 82.4%, V = 199.51306 m ³ , M = 125.69322 t, S sections of continuous solid walls, each with one transition hatch in the first corridor, taking into account intersections with circumferential walls = 4.2433995 m ² , V = 10.608498 m ³ , M = 6.6833537 t, M eight s torus walls = 53.466829 t, S sections of radial 28 partitions of 30 cabins inside the sector = 25.2 m ² , V = 63 m ³ , M = 39.69 t, M cabin radial walls of eight sectors, taking into account the combination of some cabins (rooms -lux) and the absence of cabins for the allocation of other rooms, a total of 222.264 tons. In terms of volume and weight, the radial partitions inside the production rooms make up the third part of the partitions of the cabins, their M = 74.088 tons.

The weight inside the cabins of household appliances, for example, berths, cabinets, shelves, TV, computer with Internet access, paintings, hangers, clothes, tables, chairs, a washbasin, a toilet bowl, a shower, water pipes, the other is 0.34 t, and, for example, in 168 cabins - 57.12 t. The contents of industrial, research, laboratory rooms contain equipment and materials 29 t, household and household equipment, for example, distillers, mineralizers, storage tanks and their pipes, refrigerators, electric furnaces microns main ovens and equipment of restaurants, cafes, service services, for example, saunas, 20 t fountains, diving and diving equipment, including safety systems equipment, including 15 lock chambers with empty additional containers, with internal hatches, the remaining hatches are in balance in gravity with seized concrete walls, 2 decompression chambers, compressors, equipment - scuba gear, breathing tubes, expansion joints, air tanks - “air collars”, “donks” - lead shoes, heaters, hair dryers and other 6 t, items of trade, cn mouth, recreation, entertainment 9 tons.

Log Island performed lifting at its mooring - triangular metal pad with bollards as rostra base wall size 9 m island area of 31.5 m ² which is "nose" front part of the island and extends above the waterline 20 cm, and also height, depending on the volume of sea water poured into the pool and into the buoyancy control compartment, which can be changed for the convenience of staying on the pier, entering or exiting through two unified hatch openings on the walls of the island and during sea waves. The Rostra has a low, for example, 0.3 m drainage for water drainage, for example, a vertical wall from a metal rod, which is used as a fence. The hatches are located to the right and left of the standard size cabin of the cabin with cabins, with a panoramic window, spotlight, with a remote control and control of all devices, for example, accounting for closing the external hatches of the island, multi-channel mobile, satellite, including GPS / GLONASS, television, sonar and ultrasonic communication, video surveillance and warning, for example, submarines are warned by a sonar signal generator. The mass of rosters and the contents of the navigational cabin is 6.5 tons.

Air supply is provided through air ducts with rainproof, side-wave nozzles with a mini-bell effect in the form of an elongated inverted cup with air inlets in the lower conical wall inside the cup. Another conical wall of the nozzle is located in the inner upper part of the glass, also attached to the frame sleeve, for example, with eight air holes below, located in different vertical planes with air intake holes, the total area also exceeding more than 2 times the area of the air duct opening. The nozzle sleeve is screwed onto the top of the cylinder, seamlessly passing through the sleeve of a hemispherical air plastic float with a radius of 1 m or more. A float weighing, for example, 105.27 kg of fiberglass ρ = 2.25 g / cm ³ with a wall thickness, for example, 0.5 cm together with a sleeve, part of the duct, cylinder, flange, nozzle, antennas, has a weight of 176 kg, displacement 2.14357 t, positive buoyancy + 1.96757 t. During an accident, eight island floats with buoyancy + 15.74056 t are limiters of its immersion depth, as well as being able to hold the island when manually wrapping reinforcing hoses of air ducts on the winch drums and raising the island to in case of lack of electricity and "dead" batteries. During horizontal underwater movements, the hemispherical part of the floats glides over the water and is pulled by air ducts, the length of which determines the maximum immersion, for example, 30 m. To strengthen the strength, air ducts and floats are coated with nanomaterials. In the corridor of the inner ring, right next to its overlapping sector wall, there is a working table on which a winch with a drum and an air duct is installed on it, with an electric drive and a gear system for emergency manual rotation of the drum. A hole is made in the ceiling, into which a cylinder is tightly inserted with an elevation above the roof of up to 0.2 m, with an external thread at the end and which is a sleeve for the passage of the duct. Passing through gland seals and a clamping nut with flanges on the upper end of the bushing, the reinforced air duct is mounted higher to another cylinder, which runs seamlessly along the bobber’s bushing to its flat surface, where it also connects to the flange for monolithic mounting, which is necessary to overcome the loads of moving the bobber when horizontal movements and emergency hovering of the island on hoses. Above the float, a nozzle is screwed onto the cylinder. At the very top of the nozzle there are: a beacon, antennas for transmitting SOS signals, television, mobile communications and GPS / GLONASS systems, the wires of which are bundled inside the duct to the control and communication panel.

When the island is raised, the float is on its stand in the form of a drainage pipe 0.4 m high, screwed into the thread of the pipe ring, dressed on the cylinder of the roof sleeve and welded to the roof reinforcement. Further up, the drainage pipe has a wall socket with transverse welded metal tapes along the curvature of the hemispherical float, forming a bowl, convenient to tighten and securely put the float when lifting the building to the surface of the reservoir. The end of the duct, wound on a drum at its winding edge, is inserted into the hole in the cylinder passing through the center of the drum and forming together with the side large gear gears of the drum and itself a single monolithic whole. The winch consists of two double-walled racks. From the inside of the sides of both outer walls there are 3 small gears on the axles with bearings, located relative to the central axis of the drum and cylinder at an angle of 120 °, with teeth inserted into the teeth of the large side gears of the drum. The cylinder is mounted on the bearings of the outer walls of the winch racks. The end of the duct is brought out and through the stuffing box and the bearing is inserted into the wall of the air conditioner, standing on a separate height platform of the working table, next to the winch rack. The second inner wall of the struts has an opening larger than the diameter of the drum and covers large side gears and small gears from the duct hose on the drum. The gear transmission of manual rotation of the drum can be performed outside the winch rack, for example, a cylinder free of the air duct is extended, at the end of which a steering wheel is installed. On one of the racks is attached a rotation stopper for a large gear with automatic and manual regulation. One of the small gears at the bottom has a gear from an electric motor with a drum rotation drive in automatic mode with a constant pulling of the float. The winch body is rigidly fixed to the reinforcement of the wall and floor of the corridor. The air tank in the air conditioner case in front of the introduced air duct has a wall through which the air passes through the top, a random water flow is provided down to the drive when the air duct is damaged. The wires are led out through the top of the side wall and through a tight polymer sleeve attached to the hole to delay the supply air and provide space to twist and unwind the bundle of wires when the winch cylinder is rotated, and then wiring to the control panel is done. At the top of the other side or back wall, the air flow is diverted to the scuba charging compressor when the air conditioner is turned off, or the compressor is connected by an air duct inside the air conditioner to the output outlet for short-term use of the created air pressure. An air chamber is installed on the air conditioner with a short connecting pipe, for example, with a gas ball valve, into the air conditioner inlet air container and up to two dozen breathing tubes on the sides of the chamber with inhalation and exhalation valves, with mouthpieces for breathing when the air conditioner is turned off. From each air conditioner, air supply to the premises is made in accordance with the recommended split system. Before stormy weather, the duct nozzle is screwed in a cylinder until the bottom of the air supply cup is blocked and water enters the duct, or it is twisted and together with the antennas they are cleaned inside the building, and a metal cover with a rubber gasket is screwed into its place on the cylinder. The upper two and two lower openings of the float, usually closed by covers, are opened to fill the float with water and to leave the island under water for a period of a storm, while the premises use compressed air cylinders and air regeneration. When the duct breaks into the sleeve, a rubber stopper is inserted with a lever pull up to the ceiling. M pipes with a bell, a float, an air duct with a nozzle and a cylinder, winches with a drum and an electric drive = 0.59 t, under water up to 0.34 t, because a float and part of the duct with a lift remain at the top, which is 4.72 tons and 2.72 tons for eight air ducts. The mass of 4.72 tons fits into the negative buoyancy of the island, and when you submerge 1.953 m ³ additionally flows into the allocated compartment 2 tons of water as compensation for the resulting positive buoyancy of + 2 tons, with the exception of stormy weather, when floats filled with water are taken under water.

Unified hatches in the openings of the external wall and in the walls of the lock chambers are made with external fins, with a radius of, for example, 0.4 m, closed by a slightly convex lid with stiffening ribs from the inside and handles, the lateral outlets of which go out with pins and keep the cross from free rotation. A vertical elongated locking screw with valves at the ends freely passes through the cross with the emphasis of its holders in the brackets on the hook flanges and into their closed side wall in the hole frame. When it is unscrewed from a fixed cylinder with a thread in the center of the lid, movable and fixed dies on the screw, the cross is squeezed outward, and the lid with vacuum wear-resistant rubber in the round groove corresponding to the fins of the hole is pressed against the hatch body. When opening the hatch, the lid on the outside rotates with the valve to the side through the block with the holder, which is fastened to the locking screw bearing with the other end. From the inside, the entrance is closed by a second valve. 58 hatches were made in the building, the mass of which is taken into account in the external walls - 35 hatches, together with lock chambers - 15 hatches and in the sector walls - 8 hatches. In the covers of the external hatches, membrane valves are made for the exit and exhaust of excess supply and exhaled air. In the navigational cabin, the closure of the external hatches by their sensors is controlled, and steel cables inserted into the valve holes, stretched with locks from the valve to the wall make it difficult to rotate the valve and are the latches of the entrance hatches.

There are 15 lock chambers for access to the water massif and to the bottom of the island, each 1.2 m wide, 0.9 m deep and 2.0 m high, 2.16 m ³ capacity, allowing the diver to exit in a suit with fins and with scuba gear. Each chamber has an additional capacity of the same volume, filled with water. In the surface situation of the island, a lock chamber is used to access the outer wall and pass through the exit hatches of the outer wall into two shelves-steps (taking into account the fins), using handrails for lowering under water. The exit is performed with or without scuba diving using two twenty-meter air ducts from two cylinders of compressed air fixed and hidden from the sun on the outside of the wall nearby. Each duct has a terminal breathing device with an air regulator and mouthpiece. When exiting under water from the lock chamber to the water mass, the submariner is offered an “air collar” - an air tank for 10-15 minutes of breathing when opening the hatch, and then use air ducts. A nozzle with two outlet pipes for two air ducts is screwed into each compressed air cylinder. The second duct through the external wall goes into the building for the regulated use of air supply to the building during dives during a storm. M 30 cylinders with hoses = 2.4 tons. At the same time, 15 lock chambers with a volume of 32.4 m ² require sea water with a relative density of 1.024 t / m ³ 33.1776 t, pumped by an external fence into additional chamber containers. This water is taken into account in the negative buoyancy of the building and the island as a whole. When an underwater swimmer enters the chamber, the first pump of the gateway pours water from its tank, which helps the diver to safely withstand the pressure of the external water array when opening the hatch of the external wall, leaving the open pond and closing the hatch. Further, the water remains until it returns or is pumped into the tank for the exit of another underwater swimmer. Without a vessel, there are fluctuations in the building's buoyancy when sea water is poured into a chamber with a diver and when water is pumped over the “side” of the structure when it is returned. If there is a tank, such fluctuations are absent if the sequence of actions is followed: the diver enters the chamber from the room, closes the entrance hatch, pours water from the tank, in which the remainder of the water remains equal to the displacement by the diver, which then opens the hatch into the body of water of the reservoir, exits and closes hatch, while the mass of water in the chamber is equal to the mass of water that was in the tank, and the remainder of the water in the tank, equal to the displacement of the diver, is approximately equal to the mass of the diver himself, who was absent on the island at that time ue, i.e. fluctuations in the buoyancy of the island in the absence of a swimmer does not occur. Upon the diver's return, water from the airlock by its second pump overflows into the tank to its fullness. The same procedures are done when going into the pond and the two divers return. The second approach can be done separately with the discharge of water from the lock chamber into the tank after the first diver enters the reservoir, while a mass of water appears in the tank with the volume of the lock chamber and the remaining water in the chamber equal to the displacement of the first diver. This remaining volume allows the second diver to enter the lock chamber. When water is added from the tank and the second one enters the reservoir, with a full lock chamber, the remainder of the water will have the remaining volume of the water displacement of two divers, while also maintaining the absence of fluctuations in the buoyancy of the island. When the divers return one at a time with the overflow of water into the tank, its fullness again appears in the tank and the mass of water of the other diver remains in the lock chamber; when water is poured from the tank into the chamber when another diver returns, its mass of displaced water remains in the tank and then drain back into the tank, it becomes full, and the lock chamber with the diver becomes empty, i.e. stability is maintained again. Indoors, in the lock chamber and outside, there are parallel buttons to turn on the camera’s bay from the tank and the tank’s bay from the chamber (automatic shutdown), enable emergency pumping of water from the chamber by the third pump into the reservoir, including random water from the room, for which purpose the camera was made overlapping hole. Gulf and drainage of water to and from the lock chamber from and to the reservoir are provided when accessing the island’s automatic buoyancy control system from the navigational cabin, remote control from the control panel to fill the additional capacity with sea water and drain it when the island is immersed and raised. The camera hatch is located in the front wall of the gateway, at the top of which there are valves for entering and leaving air from and into the room, the same above the additional tank. In two rooms on the island, a stationary decompression pressure chamber is installed, each for six divers sitting or two lying with violations of the length of stay at depth, as the island’s normal atmospheric pressure. To transfer equipment, tools, equipment, samples of soil, flora and fauna, tanks with samples of sea water in the wall of the building, a transitional armored tank in the form of a pipe, for example, 20 cm in diameter and 60 cm in length, was made near the lock chamber end faces, tightly closed lids and pressure locks, with a small inclination inward to drain up to 19 liters of water, with an external container, a step shelf and a handle. On the island there are two fresh water tanks of 10 m ³ identical to the tanks of the regulation compartment, M of tank water = 20 t, M of two steel tanks with adapter pipes through lockable holes in the wall for a bay from a fresh water tanker = 6.23 t. pump supply of sea water to sectional distillers, from which to the storage tanks and from them to the shower units and for the washbasin, the other part of the sea water enters the toilet tanks. Centralized at the sector level, distilled water is supplied to a storage tank with mineralization for drinking and cooking (backup option), there is a domestic waste water storage tank that is removed by a sewage pump through a bypass pipe to the treatment plant. In addition to fresh water, another 15 tons of water is used. Other equipment on the island is possibly diverse depending on the need, adjusted for accounting for its mass, for example, for physical exercises at training facilities.

Power supply is provided by solar panels installed on the roof of the building, with the connection of inverters MAP "Energy", which charge the batteries and then convert the stored energy to 220 volts, maximizing efficiency. Electricity can also be from a separate wave or wind afloat or anchored power station or from a portable nuclear installation being developed for the housing and communal services system of Russia. The disconnection of the mains electricity is duplicated by the inclusion of batteries for the operation of pumps for pumping water overboard from the control compartment, additional capacities of the lock chambers. Electric consumers are also external side reversible electric motors, which rotate 360 ° in a vertical plane, and three rear more powerful electric motors. Installation of lateral electric motors is stationary carried out on metal axes - rods, each of which is rotated on two thrust bearings. One of the bearings is located in a horizontal support beam, for example, 1.2 m long, welded at the level of the mid-height of the reinforcement of the ballast compartment. The second bearing is hermetically made in the plexus of four mounting posts, angled on the ends of a horizontal beam and an additional vertical beam crossing the first. Fixing racks are used to form a streamlined design around the racks of a hydrodynamic tight "fin" with a biconvex symmetrical profile, in which there is a space for an electric drive device with a gear system, with the possibility of the shaft and the external motor with a propeller on it to perform circular rotations in a vertical plane and lock . The joint operation of six side electric motors using their reversibility and the difference in the angles of rotation allows, for example, the resulting joystick commands to raise and lower the island under water when it is buoyant, to rotate and move the island in any direction, increasing the speed of the three main power feed engines in the absence of hydrodynamic cavitation during propeller operation and regardless of weather conditions. There are four electric pumps for fountains and water filling the inner space of the building’s ring, 4 pumps for discharging water from the pool, and electric motors with actuators for the shutoff valves of 4 openings of the pool with a radius of 1 m each with a total mass of 3.4 tons. 75 pumps of lock chambers and their capacities are considered designs. Electricity, if necessary, can be used to heat rooms, for which part of the wall is lined with a heat-reflecting silver screen - a double layer of aluminum foil with steel threads inside, which are safe in case of short circuits. The operation of batteries for an emergency is constantly maintained and there are portable power plants or power generators in stock, which in extreme cases are located on the surface of the water, on a raft, or in a hermetically sealed room with separate ventilation inside the building. Masses of power supply installations, batteries, electric motors, electric drives, auxiliary devices, support beams, brackets = 4.5 t.

Vertical movements are carried out by changing the buoyancy from positive to negative and vice versa. The completion of the island's buoyancy parameters is carried out during testing and commissioning of the island. On a “populated” island, corrections for negative buoyancy are carried out by completing, for example, a variety of materials, equipment, or by reducing the number of equipment and devices. When mastering a stay on an island, the adjustment is made taking into account the weight of the settlers, the total content that is brought to the island is determined by adding the required mass of water, for example, by counting the water supply and discharge to gravity parameters, taken into account for negative buoyancy, and going from positive to zero buoyancy . The data obtained are subject to analysis to develop a favorable standard and according to the private requirements of the balance of buoyancy. For example, the regulation includes that the minimum number of islanders is 150 people, their mass of 15 tons is taken into account in the negative buoyancy of the building, 150 people in the tanks of the regulation compartment, and water is poured with their mass, which is balanced for the mass size of the additional arrivals. If there are more islanders, then due to the reserve for the islet masses, for other changing masses, for closing 3-5 lock chambers and draining the water of their additional capacities, and more if underwater diving of the island is not planned. If the islanders are smaller, then barrels of water appear of the necessary severity. Observing the ballasting, the parameters of the simultaneous identical volume of the bay and the discharge of water in 4 tanks of the island's buoyancy regulation compartment at a sea water density of ρ = 1,024 t / m ³ : in total, has V flooded water per island rise = 15 m ³ , M = 15.36 t. V airspace to quench positive buoyancy when the gulf immerses water up to 15 m ³ , M = 15.36 t, V water for draining and letting an additional 150 people = 14.648437 m ³ , M = 15 t. V water for draining at the appearance on the island of additional equipment up to 10 m ³ , M = 10.24 t, stocks up to 10 m ³ , M = 10.24 t, comp the severity of the floats with part of the ducts that remain on the surface of the water up to V = 1,953125 m ³ , M = 2 tons. So, V of four tanks = 66,601562 m ³ , with M water = 52.84 tons, V = 16.65039 m ³ , M = 13.21 tons of water in each tank, taken into account in the negative buoyancy of the building and the island as a whole. Tanks are installed in the cabins of the inner ring, given the ballasting of two tanks with fresh water in a circle of cabins of the outer ring. The tanks are made in the form of a steel box with a corrosion-resistant coating, with an open top, with a volume of 22 m ³ each, with a width along the radius of the building adjacent to the 5.2 m ring wall, across the radius along the wall with a length of 2.7 m, with wall thickness and the bottom is 1 cm, the height of the tank’s capacity is 1.5847 m, the height of the water in the tank is 1.2 m when it is completely filled with the water of immersion and 0.929 m when there is no water intended for immersion of the island. S of the walls and bottom of the tank = 39.015 m ² , V of steel = 0.39015 m ³ , M of steel of the walls and bottom of one tank = 3.07 t, M of four tanks = 12.28 t, together with pumps and pipes M = 12, 4 tons. Each tank is equipped with water supply and drain pumps with on and off switching from the control panel, with duplication of turning on the water drain pump from the battery. Through the pumps, the pipes are lowered in the ballast compartment to its bottom. Under the ceiling of rooms with tanks in the circumferential wall of the corridor, openings are made for the passage of air into and out of the tanks of the regulation compartment. Water is filled or discharged during operation of the regulation compartment for immersion or ascent in parameters up to 15.36 tons. If the island needs emergency lifting, reversible electric motors are used, the valves of the pool bottom openings are gradually opened, the reserve water is drained along changing masses, and metered discharge is simultaneously performed water from the additional containers of the lock chambers; in extreme circumstances, the unwinding of the air ducts on the winch drums automatically stops, the water of the additional containers drains Gateway, marine, distilled, fresh and waste water. The water fill level of the building regulation compartment is determined by an electronic-acoustic instrument for measuring the liquid level in tanks (State Register of Instruments of Russia No. 29726-05, Samara, SSAU), water meter readings, sensors, flow meters are analyzed with analytical data processing, which can be used for automatic regulation of the operation of the regulation compartment. Waterline level i.e. finding the balance of the island on the surface of the ballast compartment is also determined by the water level of the swimming pool with open valves. An echo sounder determines the depth of the reservoir, schools of fish and large underwater objects.

Building gravity = 3056.9847 tons of external walls and roofs + 913.77737 tons of internal circumferential and radial walls + 176.27 tons of 150 people on the island, contents of the premises, including tanks and outdoor equipment, including fountains, valves and electric motors 121.0176 + t water regulation compartment, additional capacitances gateway service water = 4268.0496 t, V buildings = 43175 m ^3, m displacement buildings = 44211.2 m. ballast compartment area of 31400 m ² is made of concrete relative gas density p = 0.85 t / m ³ . Four inspection wells with S = 0.63585 m ² each, S wells = 2.5434 m ² , eight pipes from the tanks of the regulation compartment with external R = 0.07 m, S = 0.015386 m ² , S pipes = 0.123088 m ² , the same four pipes for pumping water into the inner central annular space, including fountains and four pipes for pumping water from the pool in the center of the island; S pipes = 0.123088 m ² and a pool with R = 25 m ² , S = 1962.5 m ² . S ballast compartment = 29434.711 m ² . If the data on pipes and pumps are taken into account in the building's economy, then the pool is made of steel 1.5 cm thick with anti-corrosion coating, the height of the pool wall with a rounding of the side is 2.5 m, with 4 valves open, the water in the pool rises to the waterline to a height of 2, 1 m. With 4 pumps, water can be pumped out with closed valves to the required children's depth. Gate valves are fenced with a red boom net. An emergency landing of the island is made at the bottom of the pool. V basin steel = 35.288184 m ³ , M steel = 277.718 t, M displacement of basin steel = 36.1351 tons with negative buoyancy 241.5829 tons, which is determined by the formula: P steel = V steel × (sea water ρ ρ steel) obtained from the universal formula presented at the beginning of the description. The ballast compartment, which, like the building is made of aerated concrete, but with an estimated relative density of 0.85 t / m ³ , compensates for the negative buoyancy of the building and the steel of the pool, ensuring equal positive buoyancy. M of concrete of the ballast compartment = П (required positive buoyancy) × ρ of aerated concrete: (ρ of sea water - ρ of aerated concrete) = (4268.0496 t + 241.5829 t) × 0.85 t / m ³ : (1.024 t / m ³ - 0.85 t / m ³ ) = 22029.813 t. V concrete ballast compartment = 25917.427 m ³ , h concrete ballast compartment = 0.8805055 m. Check: M displacement of concrete ballast compartment - M of its concrete = П required positive buoyancy: 26539.445 t - 22029.813 t = 4509.632 t. V islands = 43175 m ³ + 25917.427 m ³ + 35.288184 m ³ = 69127.715 m ³ , M displacement of the ballast compartment = 26539, 445 t + 36.1351 t = 26575.58 t. M of the island's displacement = 70786.78 t. M of the island = 4268.0496 t + 277.718 t + 22029.813 t + 44211.2 (the mass of sea water that fills the central space of the island, when it reaches zero buoyancy) = 70786.78 t. M of the island (together with M of the water of the internal space of the building) = M of its displacement, which allows you to perform adjustable dives, lifts, underwater movements, and without a mass of water in the inner space, have a waterline at the level of the base of the building - the surface of the ballast compartment and the surface of the water in the pool with open valves, perform surface movements. By selecting the relative density of gas concrete, the size and height of the ballast compartment of the island are selected. At its bottom there are eyelets for fastening pendant holes - with small and large holes, hollow with thin walls of reinforced concrete tanks in the form of balls and eggs with a diameter of 0.2 to 1 m, which, subject to immobility and calm, will be reef formations.

When diving, the hydrostatic pressure of the water on the wall, roof and bottom of the building increases, which is taken into account in ensuring the hermetic strength of the structure, for example, when diving for 15 m, the pressure together with atmospheric pressure increases by 2.5 times, and at the bottom it is 0.363 atm more than to the roof of the building.

The technical result of the invention consists in the development of a self-propelled island with a set of devices: functioning in surface, in transitions under water or to the surface and in underwater positions, the life support of the islanders and the ability to work, improve and rest, with access to the water body, to the bottom or making underwater trip, contemplating the local flora and fauna.

The invention is illustrated by the drawing, which shows an island with a ring building 1, with an external wall, seamlessly made and coinciding with the edge of island 2. Entrance to the island is through roster 3 of the "bow" of the island and hatches 4 on the sides of the navigational cabin 5. In the central part of the island there is a pool 6 with a bottom 7, in which holes with valves 8 and their electric drives are made. The building is divided by sector walls 9 into eight sectors. The roof of the building contains solar panels 10. To provide air from the surface of the water from the air conditioner 11 and the winch 12 with a drum and an electric drive upward through a sleeve in the ceiling, an air duct 14 passes through a pipe with a bell 13 and then connects to the cylinder 15 of the hemispherical float 16, above which the cylinder is screwed in with a nozzle of indestructibility 17 from rain, a side wave with a mini-bell effect. A beacon, antennas 18 SOS, television, mobile communications, GPS and GLONASS systems are installed on top of the nozzle. To preserve during a storm, the float is filled with water through the lower two and two upper holes 19, the edges of which are thickened and the covers are usually tightly screwed into them with a gasket. During the storm, the covers are removed. In this case, the nozzle is screwed along the cylinder until it is sealed by the bottom of the duct or it is twisted and together with the antennas it is removed inside the building, and the cap is screwed onto the cylinder. In accordance with the needs and ballasting, two places were allocated at an equal distance from each other for tanks 20 with fresh water and four for tanks 21 of the island's buoyancy regulation compartment with pumps and water supply and discharge pipes. In the interior of the island, along with sports fields, jogging and walking paths, a beach and a pool, 4 fountains 22 are made, the pumps of which are used to fill the annular space when the island is immersed. Three reversible electric motors 23 are installed at equal distances on both sides from the bow to the stern on the sides of the island, working smoothly for lifting and immersion, turning and moving in any direction, increasing speed by three main power feed electric motors 24.

The implementation of the surface work of the island’s devices is to ensure its buoyancy along the waterline - the surface of the “earth”, i.e. when the building is completely elevated being on the plane of the ballast compartment. In order for such a part of the “land” to be dry, the bottom valves of the pool are closed, part of the pool water is pumped out and the island rises above or the water of several additional containers of the lock chambers is drained. Since the pool water evaporates, from time to time fountains turn on in the direction of the pool or water flow is provided in its direction or the valves open slightly. Zero buoyancy is achieved by closing four valves in the pool, filling the inner annular space of the building with 4 pumps that worked on fountains, to the point where the roof of the building is at the level of the water surface. The immersion is made by damping the positive buoyancy - by the bay inside the building of the part of the tanks of the regulation compartment. But before that, you should stop and conduct the final briefing and training of underwater swimmers, i.e. those who intend to go under the water in the lock chambers into the body of water and to the bottom. In case of difficulty, swimmers can climb the roof. It is also necessary to check all systems operating with leaks and prepare for a complete immersion. The operation of reversible electric motors controlled by a joystick allows vertical movements and horizontal movements, and the main aft electric motors allow long-distance transitions in manual or automatic mode, using the GPS or GLONASS navigation system and electronic programmed control of the operation of motors and pumps, taking into account the spatial orientation, in including a device for orientation to the cardinal points, given commands, readings of the level of the bay with water of the regulation compartment with respect to zero lavuchesti electron-acoustic devices, water meters, sensors, flow meters, which provides the closing of the last execution of the hatch dives and climbs, tourist route passing along a closed curve, and stops the rotation in the flora and fauna of the desired locations, return and ascend to the original position. Immersion depths of up to 30 m are controlled by instruments or by marking the air ducts when they are unwound from the winch drums of air conditioners. For a fixed hover on the floats, the winch drums are stopped rotating at the required length of the unwound air ducts. The rise is carried out from zero buoyancy by draining the water of the regulation compartment, designed to rise, the gradual opening of the valves by the operation of electric motors and natural ascent based on the positive buoyancy of the air building. In the reserve - drain the compensation water of the regulation compartment, if necessary use metered drain of the water of additional containers of the lock chambers, if urgent - drain the household, domestic and drinking water, steer with the help of reversible electric motors, pull up to the floats.

Strict regulations are provided for the construction, testing, certification, approval and operation of a typical island with a ring building. Clear, detailed instructions are drawn up for living, working, and relaxing on the island with a possibly complete set of emergency situations and the actions of the settlers. They are instructed, acquainted with equipment, equipment and safety measures, for example, using the lock chamber pumps, its additional capacity, opening and closing manhole covers, operation of water supply pumps to the inner annular space and pool pumps, regulation compartment, use of compressed air cylinders for breathing under water and indoors during stormy weather, using breathing tubes with a mouthpiece, inspiratory and expiratory valves inserted into an air chamber attached to the air conditioners Ioner and usually block, for breathing with the air conditioner turned off, to know the prohibitions, for example, not to use lock chambers when diving the island, when water is flooded in all additional containers and when the island rises, when their water can also automatically merge into the body of water and again when lifting is completed poured. A set of equipment and equipment for 2-3 security systems and emergency lifting to the surface of the water, offers individual air "collars" with hanging belts, inflated for 15 minutes of breathing, which is enough to exit through the airlock and float to the surface of the reservoir, as well as air regeneration devices .

Claims (7)

1. A self-propelled surface-underwater island, containing an air building and a ballast compartment, round for streamlining, reducing sailing and cornering comforts, providing the center of their lifting force above their center of gravity, as well as inside and outside the building, there are: an island buoyancy regulation compartment for buoyancy transition from positive to negative and vice versa during vertical movements, air supply from the surface of the water through the nozzles of indefinability, floats, air ducts, air conditioners, entry and exit hatches, lock chambers, silt viewing aids, inspection wells in a semi-ballast compartment, on which electric motors of horizontal movements are installed, and which are sized according to the universal formula for calculating body buoyancy according to the Archimedes Law, characterized in that the multifunctional floating island is monolithically built with a hermetic ring building with an external round wall flush with the lateral underwater part of the floating island - the ballast compartment of gas concrete with a relative density less than the density of sea water in such a way that the building is completely above the waterline of the island on the surface of the ballast compartment, and the immersion of the island is decided if it contains a building or buildings of any number of floors in the form of an annular or other closed configuration with the ability to immerse the island using the internal space for the flood of water with mass, including the total equal to the displacement of the building itself or buildings, otherwise with a smaller mass of water - difficulties in reaching zero buoyancy and diving, with a greater - the danger of sinking, while neglect the buoyant buoyancy of the building and the steel of the pool is compensated by the positive buoyancy of aerated concrete, and the difference in the mass of the displacement of the concrete of the ballast compartment and its mass is equal to the required positive buoyancy of the island, equal to the mass of the displacement of the building and the water of its internal space, equal to the mass of the building, ballast compartment and the water of the inner space, the displacement mass of the island (building and ballast compartment), and the selection and the relative density of gas concrete determines the size and height of the ballast compartment of the island, which The construction of the island's buoyancy regulation compartment makes it possible to sink and rise to the surface, make movements above and under water, i.e. constructively, the island contains a set of devices: functioning in the surface, in underwater transitions or naturally ascending to the surface on the basis of the positive buoyancy of the air building and in underwater up to 30 m positions, comfortable life support for the islanders and the ability to carry out labor, health and relaxation, for which an example is offered a single-storey ring building containing separate hotel cabins for up to 300 or more islanders, for example, oil workers from platforms, training divers, underwater farmers c, geologists, vacationers, including with children and so on, have production facilities, housing and communal facilities, restaurants, cafes and canteens, shops, gyms and playgrounds, a greenhouse for growing mushrooms, vegetables and fruits, there are saunas and another, for example, in the center of the island are made: a depth-adjustable spacious wave-free swimming pool, playgrounds and paths with a rubber grooved or other coating for sports and beach holidays, four water pumps to the interior of the building’s ring, it and they supply water for fountains, four pumps for draining water from the pool, at the bottom of which there are four holes blocked by shutoff valves, and at zero buoyancy of the island, to use the buoyancy change from positive to negative and vice versa for vertical movements under water, under water and back, balancing work on the changing masses of islanders, economic and food reserves, and seafood the role of regulating the buoyancy of the island is played by the regulation compartment, to reach zero buoyancy - the inner gulf the open space of the building, the swimming pool with additional lock tanks filled with water, and if necessary the island needs emergency lifting, reversible electric motors are used, the valves of the pool bottom openings are gradually opened, the reserve water drains along changing masses, while metered drainage of water from the additional lock chamber containers is performed , in extreme circumstances, the unwinding of the air ducts on the winch drums is automatically stopped, additional water is drained x lock containers, sea, distilled, fresh and waste water, and other devices include: 8 floats with air ducts are installed on the roof for air supply, 15 rooms are allocated for access to the water mass through lock chambers with additional tanks, 4 of which are in suites, 2 cameras with access to the interior of the island, 1 camera in the laboratory, 20 exit hatches from and to the building are made in the outer walls, of which 12 hatches and 8 hatches into the central part of the island, 9 electric motors installed They are mid-height in the circle of the ballast compartment, and artificial reef structures are suspended at its bottom, unless the island is supposed to have vertical and horizontal movements. 2. A self-propelled surface-underwater island according to claim 1, characterized in that the island with the building is made external R = 100 m, S of the island = 31,400 m ² , h of the surface of the island above the waterline is equal to the height of the ring building of 2.75 m, including solar batteries mounted in the roof of the building, which, for example, covers half the island area of 15700 m ² , its length on the outer circumference = 628 m, on the inner = 444.06303 m, h premises = 2.5 m, V building = V space inside buildings ring 43175 m = ^3, m = freeboard displacement building m water during filling of the space inside the ring zda Ia = 44211.2 m at a relative seawater density ρ = 1,024 t / m ^3, the width of the building part of radius = 29.28933 m to 100 m to the outer wall 70.710678 m inside the ring wall of a building made from concrete gas relative density, for example, ρ = 0.6 t / m ³ , but taking into account the use of fixed fixed formwork with a thickness of 20 and 10 mm, is taken in the calculations ρ = 0.65 t / m ³ for external walls and roof and ρ = 0.63 t / m ³ for internal walls and partitions, taking into account inserts into the walls of windows, hatches, doors, partitions, providing 3,056.9847 tons of external walls and roofs, 913.77 737 tons of inner circumferential and radial walls, 176.27 tons of presence on the island of 150 people, the contents of the premises, including water tanks and outdoor equipment, including fountains, valves, electric motors and 121.0176 tons of regulation compartment water, additional locker tanks, utility water i.e. M building gravity = 4268.0496 t, V building = 43175 m ³ , M building displacement = 44211.2 t, and the ballast compartment with an area of 31400 m is made of gas concrete with a relative density ρ = 0.85 t / m ³ , and through it four inspection wells with S = 0.63585 m ² each, S wells = 2.5434 m ² , eight pipes from the tanks of the regulation compartment with external R = 0.07 m, S = 0.015386 m ² , S pipes = 0.123088 m ² , the same four pipes for pumping water into the inner central annular space, including for fountains and four pipes for pumping water from the pool in the center of the island, 8 pipes = 0.123088 m ² and a pool with R = 25 m ² , S = 1962.5 m ² , S of the ballast compartment = 29434.711 m ² , while if the data on pipes and pumps are taken into account in the building's economy, the pool is made of steel 1, 5 cm with a corrosion-resistant coating, the height of the pool wall with a rounding of the board 2.5 m, with 4 open valves the water in the pool rises to the waterline to a height of 2.1 m, with 4 pumps the water can be pumped out with closed valves to the required child depth, V steel of the pool 35.288184 m = ^3, m = 277.718 tons of steel, steel basin displacement m = 36.1351 at a negative buoyancy 241.5829 m as determined but according to the formula: П steel = V steel × (ρ sea water - ρ steel) obtained from the universal formula, while the concrete of the ballast compartment compensates for the negative buoyancy of the building and the steel of the pool by ensuring equal positive buoyancy: M of the concrete of the ballast compartment = P (required positive buoyancy) × ρ aerated concrete: (ρ seawater - ρ aerated concrete) = (4268.0496 t + 241.5829 t) × 0.85 t / m ³ : (1.024 t / m ³ - 0.85 t / m ³ ) = 22029.813 t, V concrete ballast compartment = 25917.427 m ³ , h concrete ballast compartment = 0.8805055 m, and to check: M displacement of concrete ballast compartment - M its concrete = П required positive buoyancy: 26539.445 t - 22029.813 t = 4509.632 t, V islands = 43175 m ³ + 25917.427 m ³ + 35.288184 m ³ = 69127.715 m ³ , M displacement ballast compartment = 26539.445 t + 36.1351 t = 26575.58 t, M displacement of the island = 70786.78 t, M of the island = 4268.0496 t + 277.718 t + 22029.813 t + 44211.2 t (sea mass water, the central space of the island is filled, when it reaches zero buoyancy) = 70786.78 t, M islands (together with M water of the building’s internal space) = M of its displacement, which allows you to perform adjustable dives, lifts, underwater movements, and without mass waters interior space have a waterline at the base of the building - the surface of the ballast compartment and the surface of the water in the pool with open valves to perform surface transportation. 3. The self-propelled surface-underwater island according to claim 1, characterized in that, observing the ballasting, the buoyancy regulation compartment of the island performs simultaneously the same volume of bays and drains of water in 4 tanks at a relative density of sea water ρ = 1,024 t / m ³ , in total it has V flooded water on the rise of the island = 15 m ³ , M = 15.36 t, V airspace to quench positive buoyancy by immersion in the bay with water up to 15 m ³ , M = 15.36 t, V water for draining and letting in additional 150 = 14.648437 m ^3, m = 15 m, V water to drain when a island dop ADDITIONAL equipment ³ to 10 m, M = 10.24 t, stocks to 10 m ^3, M = 10.24 m, with the gravity compensation floats part ducts, which remain on the water surface to V = 1,953125 m ^3, M = 2 t, i.e. V of four tanks = 66.601562 m ³ , with M water = 52.84 tons, V = 16.65039 m ³ , M = 13.21 tons of water in each tank, taken into account in the negative buoyancy of the building and the whole island, and the tanks themselves, together with pumps and pipes, have M = 12.4 tons and are installed in the cabins of the inner ring. 4. A self-propelled surface-underwater island according to claim 1, characterized in that the air supply is provided through air ducts with rainproof nozzles, a side wave with a mini-bell effect in the form of an elongated inverted glass with air inlets in the lower conical wall inside the glass, and the nozzle sleeve screwed on top of the cylinder, passing through the monolithic sleeve hemispherical air plastic float radius of 1 m or more, wherein the float of fiberglass p = 2.25 g / cm ^3, with the wall thickness n example, 0.5 cm together with a sleeve, part of the duct, cylinder, flange, nozzle, antennas has a weight of 176 kg, displacement of 2.14357 tons, positive buoyancy + 1.96757 tons, and during the accident eight island floats with buoyancy + 15 , 74056 t are limiters of the depth of its immersion, as well as being able to hold the island by manually wrapping the reinforcing hoses of the air ducts on the winch drums and lifting the island in the absence of electricity and “dead” batteries, moreover, with horizontal underwater movements of the hemispherical part Your floats glide across the water and are pulled by air ducts, the length of which determines the maximum immersion, for example, 30 m, and to strengthen the strength, the air ducts and floats are covered with nanomaterials, while the float on the raised island is on its stand in the form of a drainage pipe 0.4 m high, screwed into the thread of the pipe ring, dressed on the cylinder of the roof sleeve, and welded to the roof reinforcement, and further up the drainage pipe has a wall socket with transverse welded metal tapes along the hemispherical curvature melting, forming a bowl, convenient to tighten and securely put the float when the building is raised to the surface of the reservoir, and before the stormy weather, the duct nozzle is screwed along the cylinder until the bottom of the air supply cup enters the water and the water enters the duct or is twisted and together with the antennas are cleaned inside the building, and in its place a metal cover with a rubber gasket is screwed onto the cylinder, the upper two and two lower holes of the float, usually closed by covers, are opened to fill the float with water and leave together with the island m under water during the storm, while the premises use compressed air cylinders and air regeneration, with M pipes with a bell, float, duct with nozzle and cylinder, winches with a drum and electric drive = 0.59 t, under water up to 0.34 t since the float and part of the duct with a pull-up remain at the top, which is 4.72 tons and 2.72 tons for eight air ducts, and the mass of 4.72 tons fits into the negative buoyancy of the island, and when immersed in the regulation compartment, 1.933 m ³ additionally flows 2 tons of water as compensation for the resulting positive buoyancy of + 2 tons, with the exception of stormy weather, when floats filled with water are taken under water. 5. A self-propelled surface-underwater island according to claim 1, characterized in that the duct wound on the winch drum is inserted into the cylinder bore at one end and passes through the center of the drum, forming together with the side large gear gears of the drum and itself a monolithic whole, the winch consists of two racks with double walls, having from the inside the sides of both outer walls on the axles with bearings 3 small gears located at an angle of 120 ° relative to the central axis of the drum and cylinder, with teeth inserted the teeth of the large side gears of the drum, while the cylinder is attached to the bearings of the outer walls of the winch struts, and the said end of the duct is brought out and through the stuffing box and bearing is inserted into the wall of the air conditioner, which is located on a separate platform height of the working table, next to the winch rack, and the second the inner wall of the struts has an opening larger than the diameter of the drum and closes the large side gears and small gears from the air duct hose on the drum, and the gear transmission of manual rotation of the drum can be filled outside the winch strut, for example, a cylinder free of the air duct is lengthened, at the end of which the steering wheel is mounted, while on one of the racks a large gear rotation stopper with automatic and manual adjustment is attached, and one of the small gears at the bottom has a gear from an electric motor with a drive for rotating the drum in automatic mode with a constant pull-up of the float, for which the winch body is rigidly fixed to the wall and floor reinforcement of the corridor. 6. A self-propelled surface-underwater island according to claim 1, characterized in that there are 15 lock chambers for access to the body of water and to the bottom on the island, each 1.2 m wide, 0.9 m deep and 2.0 m high, 2.16 m capacity, allowing the diver to exit in a suit with flippers and scuba gear, each chamber having an additional tank of the same volume flooded with water and when the underwater swimmer enters the chamber, the first pump of the gateway pours water from its tank, which helps the diver safely withstand the pressure of an external water mass when opening the hatch of an external wall, exit to an open body of water and close the hatch, whereupon the water remains until it is returned or is pumped out to the tank for another underwater swimmer to exit, therefore without a tank there are fluctuations in the building's buoyancy when overboard water is poured into the chamber with a diver and when pumping water over the side of the structure upon its return, and if there is a tank, such fluctuations are absent, while the volume of 15 lock chambers 32.4 m ³ requires sea water with a relative density of 1.024 t / m ³ 33.1776 t, which is taken into account in the negative buoyancy of the building and the whole island a, as well as provides for the filling and draining of water to and from the lock chamber from and to the reservoir when accessing the automatic buoyancy control system of the island from the navigational cabin. 7. Self-propelled surface-underwater island according to claim 1, characterized in that vertical movements and horizontal movements with zero buoyancy provide external lateral reversible electric motors that rotate 360 ° in a vertical plane, and three rear more powerful electric motors, while the installation of side electric motors stationary made on metal axes - rods, each of which rotates on two pillars, one of which is located in a horizontal pillar, for example, 1.2 m long, p welded at the mid-height level of the reinforcement of the ballast compartment, and the second bearing is hermetically sealed in a plex of four fastening posts, angularly resting on the ends of the horizontal beam and an additional vertical beam crossing the first, at the same time fastening posts are used to form a streamlined structure around the hydrodynamic tight "fin" with a biconvex symmetrical profile, in which there is space for an electric drive device with a gear system, with the possibility of the rod and externally an electric motor with a propeller on it perform circular turns in a vertical plane and are fixed, while the joint operation of six side electric motors using their reversibility and the difference in the angles of rotation allows, for example, the resulting joystick commands to raise and lower the island under water at its zero buoyancy, rotate and move the island in any direction, increasing the speed of the three main power aft engines in the absence of hydrodynamics eskoy cavitation at the propeller and regardless of weather conditions.

Images