RU2407724C1 - Product for improvement of soil properties - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: product contains ground dry peat and sapropel of natural humidity. Product is arranged in the form of granules with size from 250 mcm to 104 mcm. Each granule has the following ratio of components, wt %: peat 40-70, sapropel 30-60. Each granule has internal nucleus, and at least one external layer. Nucleus is made of peat or sapropel, and external layer, accordingly, from sapropel or peat.

EFFECT: invention provides for even distribution of product in soil layer and improved fertility of soil.

3 cl, 6 dwg, 2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used to improve soil properties, soil restoration and soil fertility.

A known product for improving the properties of soil (fertilizer) containing peat, sapropel and zeolite (patent UA 24973, 07.25.2007).

A disadvantage of the known product is that it is made in the form of a powdered mixture of dry peat, dried sapropel and zeolite. Dried sapropel with loss of moisture loses very valuable organic compounds dissolved in water - water-soluble vitamins, amino acids, beneficial bacteria. Sapropel used in this fertilizer during drying loses its activity and up to 20% of organics dissolved in water. In addition, when a dry powder mixture is introduced into the soil during watering, moisture is absorbed and the dispersed mixture of sapropel, peat and zeolite becomes like clay, a viscous glue, through which it is difficult to filter air.

The closest analogue of the claimed invention is a product obtained by the production method disclosed in patent RU 2336253 C1, 10.20.2008.

A disadvantage of the known product is the inability to obtain a crumbly structure of the product, ensuring its uniform distribution in the soil layer. Peat has long fibers up to 10-12 cm long, which makes it difficult to obtain a homogeneous product. When mixing natural moisture sapropel with dry peat, in order to obtain a friability of the product with a moisture content of 60-65% (friability of the product is necessary for its easier and more uniform mixing when applied to the soil), a large amount of dry peat should be added. The resulting product is a layer in which peat and sapropel are not evenly distributed. To introduce such a product into the soil, its subsequent grinding is required to obtain a homogeneous mass. In addition, due to the uneven distribution in the strata of the resulting peat and sapropel product, after grinding, the resulting crushed particles do not have the same structure, the same content of organic substances, and therefore do not provide a uniform distribution of organic matter in the soil layer when they are introduced into the soil, which improves its quality characteristics in its entirety. Such a product is obtained in the form of large clods of various sizes and various humidity. This will complicate its introduction into the soil and uniform mixing with the soil, will complicate its storage, because large clods will coalesce strongly, sludge will occur (squeezing water), the structure of the product will be unstable, uneven, of poor quality. In addition, the presence of additional operations to grind the seams leads to the loss of part of organic substances, since it is difficult to grind the product in the form of boards due to their certain moisture content, the seams need to be dried beforehand, which leads to the loss of organic substances inherent to sapropel of natural moisture.

The objective of the invention is the elimination of these disadvantages of products from peat and sapropel and the preservation of sapropel moisture in the product by redistributing it to the added adsorbent - peat.

The technical result is an increase in the qualitative characteristics of the product by increasing the amount of organic substances, ensuring a uniform distribution of the product in the soil layer by performing it in the form of granules, and increasing soil fertility.

This is achieved by the fact that the product for improving soil properties, containing crushed dry peat and sapropel of natural moisture, according to the invention is made in the form of granules from 250 microns to 10 ⁴ microns in the following ratio of components, wt.%: Peat - 40-70, sapropel - 30-60, with each granule having an inner core and at least one outer layer, the core being made of peat or sapropel, and the outer layer respectively of sapropel or peat. In addition, each subsequent after the outer layer, the odd outer layer of the granule with the core of peat is made of peat, and the even one after the outer layer of the odd outer layer of the granule with the core of sapropel is made of sapropel, and the even is made of peat. Thus, each subsequent odd outer layer of the granule with the core of peat is made of sapropel, and the even odd outer layer of the granule with the core of sapropel is made of peat, and the even of the sapropel.

1 shows granules;

figure 2 shows a granule with a kernel of peat;

figure 3 is the same with the core of sapropel;

4 shows multilayer granules.

The product is made in the form of granules 1. Each granule 1 contains crushed dry peat and sapropel of natural moisture. Granules have a size of 250 microns to 10 ⁴ microns. When the granule size is less than 250 microns, it is difficult to evenly distribute them in the soil layer, since they are smaller than the size of soil aggregates, the size of which is 250 microns - 10 ⁴ microns (Khalansky V.M. et al. Agricultural machines, Moscow, Kolos, 2003, p. 9-10). Granules less than 250 microns in size wake up between soil aggregates and are placed at the bottom of the soil layer into which they are introduced. All nutrients pass into the lower soil layers, without affecting the soil structuring of the upper soil layer, in which the roots of cultivated plants are located, do not affect the improvement of soil properties due to its enrichment with organic substances. When the granule size is more than 10 ⁴ microns, they have an unstable structure, are strongly deformed during storage, crumble, lose their properties, because do not have time to decompose in the soil during the growing season (table 1). Each granule has a ratio of components, wt.%: Peat - 40-70, sapropel - 30-60.

Each granule 1 has an inner core and at least one outer layer.

Granule 1 can be made with a core 2 of peat or with a core 3 of sapropel. The outer layer 4 of the granule with the core 2 is made of sapropel. The outer layer 5 of the granule with a core 3 of sapropel is made of peat. Granules can have several layers (multilayer). When the granules are multi-layered, each subsequent, after the outer layer 4, an odd outer layer 41, etc. granules with a core 2 of peat is made of peat, and even - of sapropel. Each subsequent after the outer layer 5 is an odd outer layer 51, etc. granules with a core 3 of sapropel made of sapropel, and even of peat. Thus, each subsequent odd outer layer of the granule with the core of peat is made of sapropel, and the even odd outer layer of the granule with the core of sapropel is made of peat, and the even of the sapropel.

Sapropel, which is used in the claimed product, is fresh, just removed from the sapropel deposit. Sapropel in the reservoir is a stable colloid in the form of a gel in which water is dissolved in sapropel, the particles of which have a size of less than 1 micron (0.001 ÷ 0.1 μm, or 0.000001 ÷ 0.0001 mm, or 10 ^-9 ÷ 10 ^-7 m). Due to such a small size, sapropel particles have a very high adsorption capacity, i.e. the total surface of small particles is very large (the active surface of particles of 1 cm ^{3 of} sapropel can be up to 600 m ² ), so they interact very strongly with water molecules. The strength of the interaction is such that the humidity of the sapropel in the deposit is 84-97% (the higher the% of organics in the sapropel, the greater the adsorbing surface of the particles, the more water molecules they bind, the higher the natural humidity of sapropel). This intermolecular water cannot be squeezed out or removed by centrifugation, as it is bound to sapropel particles at the molecular level. Therefore, mixing raw sapropel dosed with a dry adsorbent (peat), you can get a loose friable mixture.

Grinding peat up to 250 microns several tens of times increases its total surface, makes it homogeneous. This allows you to mix it with wet sapropel evenly distribute it throughout the volume of sapropel, to provide the opportunity to absorb some of the moisture from the volume of the sapropel, to obtain a homogeneous granular loose product.

Product manufacturing example

A device for the manufacture of granules can be performed as follows. The device has a horizontal conveyor. Above the conveyor are nozzles for the dosed supply of natural moisture sapropel. Dry chopped peat is fed to the conveyors. When the conveyor moves from nozzles to peat, sapropel of natural humidity is dosed (drop by drop). Peat crumbs surround a drop of sapropel, absorbing sapropel moisture. Thus, a granule is formed, the core of which is made of sapropel, and the outer shell is made of peat. For the manufacture of granules with a peat kernel, moist sapropel is fed into the upper conveyor in a thin layer, and peat crumb is dosed from the nozzles located above it. When peat chips fall into sapropel, peat absorbs sapropel moisture, and clay and sand particles present in the sapropel of natural moisture envelop the peat crumb. A granule is formed with a peat kernel and an outer shell of sand particles and sapropel clay.

For the manufacture of multilayer granules, the device is additionally equipped with additional conveyors located under the first conveyor with some horizontal displacement. The obtained granules with one outer layer are fed to the next conveyor, over which nozzles for the dosed feed of peat or sapropel are also placed. For example, when performing pellets with a kernel from peat, ground peat is fed to the next conveyor. Since the outer layer of the granule with the core of peat is covered with sapropel (wet from sapropel moisture), peat crumbs stick to the granule again, forming the next outer layer of peat. Sapropel is fed to the next conveyor. Granules having a core of peat and two outer shells, respectively of sapropel and peat, falling onto the conveyor, absorb the moisture of the sapropel with an external peat layer, forming a new outer layer of sapropel. Between the conveyors are mounted sieves with mesh sizes equal to the size of the granules obtained on each of the conveyors, and a discharge conveyor that removes excess peat crumb or sapropel. From the sieve, the granules fall onto the next conveyor.

Granules with a sapropel core are made in a similar manner when sapropel and peat are fed in alternating order.

Thus, multilayer granules are obtained with alternating outer layers of peat or sapropel.

The amount of peat and sapropel supplied to the conveyors was determined experimentally and calculated to obtain granules with a ratio of components, wt.%: Peat - 40-70, sapropel - 30-60. Mixing sapropel with peat in the indicated ratio of components gives a number of advantages for improving the quality of the obtained product (table 2) due to the maximum preservation of organic substances in the resulting granules at an optimum humidity of the finished product of 60 ± 10%.

Obtaining a product with granules from 250 microns to 10 ⁴ microns makes the product uniformly granular, elastic, crumbly, not sticky during long-term storage.

Each granule is a new product with an ideal (spherical) shape, completed in shape and physical properties, in which a certain volume of peat corresponds to a certain volume of sapropel and a certain amount of moisture, which is naturally distributed in the volume of the granule.

A drop of water, by virtue of its surface tension, tends to have the shape of a ball. By mixing peat and sapropel, a spherical form of granules is formed, this form is ideal for placing water in it.

If the resulting granule is squeezed with your fingers, then water will appear on the surface. If not squeezed, then the water will be inside the granule for a long time. If the granule is placed in dry soil, then after the soil has dried (evaporation of moisture and when it is filtered into the soil), the granule will gradually give moisture to the surrounding soil, enriching it with organic substances.

Since the granule has elasticity, which is given to it by the layering of the shell, introduced and evenly mixed in the soil, they give the soil friability, breathability, the soil breathes, which positively affects the development and growth of plants.

Table 1 Granule size Decomposition time 150 mk Form a film at the bottom under a layer of soil, do not provide improved soil properties 250 mk Within one week, enrich the soil with organic matter by 10% 10 ³ mk Within one month, enrich the soil with organic matter by 20% 5 · 10 ³ mk Within two months, enrich the soil with organic matter by 40% 10 ⁴ mk During the growing season, enrich the soil with organic matter by 50% 15 · 10 ⁴ microns Do not have time to decompose during the growing season, lose their properties

table 2 Components Wt% The moisture content in the product (W _ol ),% at the initial moisture content of sapropel W _s = 95%, peat W _t = 40% (30%) The content of organic matter in the product (S _ave)% at initial organics peat RH = 95% _peat, sapropel OB _capp = 70% (80%) Peat thirty 78.5 (75.5) 77.5 (84.5) Sapropel 70 Peat 40 73 (69) 79.99 (86) Sapropel 60 Peat fifty 67.5 (62.5) 82.5 (87.5) Sapropel fifty Peat 60 62 (56) 85 (89) Sapropel 40 Peat 70 56.5 (49.5) 87.5 (90.5) Sapropel thirty

When the amount of peat in the granule is less than 30 and sapropel more than 70, a high% moisture content is obtained. Moisture is poorly retained in the granules, moisture is released from the granules and it is freely filtered into the lower layers of the product during storage.

If the granule will have peat above 70, and sapropel below 30, then the humidity will be below 50%, which is also undesirable, because degrade the quality of the product, reduce its activity.

Claims (3)

1. Product for improving soil properties, containing crushed dry peat and sapropel of natural moisture, characterized in that the product is made in the form of granules from 250 microns to 10 ⁴ microns in the following ratio of components, wt.%: Peat - 40-70, sapropel - 30-60, with each granule having an inner core and at least one outer layer, the core being made of peat or sapropel, and the outer layer respectively of sapropel or peat. 2. The product according to claim 1, characterized in that each subsequent odd outer layer of the granule with the core of peat is made of sapropel, and even - of peat. 3. The product according to claim 1, characterized in that each subsequent odd outer layer of the granule with the sapropel core is made of peat, and the even one is made of sapropel.

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