RU2405761C1 - Method for manufacturing of ammunition charge - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to defence technology, in particular to ammunition loading. Method includes serial supply of explosive substance (ES) portion into ammunition body and pressing of each one by means of puncheon. Besides ammunition body is arranged in matrix, and prior to supply of each portion of ES, guide bush is installed in ammunition body, and its manufacturing ends by pressing-off of ES briquette in ammunition body. Prior to pressing-off of ES briquette, between it and puncheon, gasket is arranged from compressible material, preferably, cardboard, with tightness of 0-0.015 and thickness of 0.003-0.03 of value of inner diametre of ammunition body in area of gasket placement, and each portion of ES is pressed down to specified density of charge under pressure, value of which is more than tension in lower layer of ES, which occurs during ammunition firing under maximum loads.

EFFECT: use of invention makes it possible to increase safety in manufacturing of ammunition charge.

3 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of military equipment and can be used with equipment of high-explosive fragmentation ammunition (BP).

A known method of forming a bursting charge of a powdered explosive (BB) in a PSU housing, which is placed in a matrix of a pressing tool, and is pressed with a puncheon in one or more stages. (Brief Encyclopedic Dictionary “Energy Condensed Systems” / Edited by B. P. Zhukov. M., Janus-K, 2000, p. 109, paragraphs 2-3).

The greater the relative height of the PSU case, the greater the number of press-fits necessary to produce to ensure the necessary explosive charge density throughout the volume. At the last press-in, the punch should fit tightly into the internal diameter of the PSU case; therefore, in modern long-range PSUs having a relatively long animated part (2 or more internal diameters of the PSU case), it is not possible to press explosives with the required density in this way using one punch.

There is also known a method of manufacturing explosive charges by pressing into a shell under the pressure of a press of a pre-pressed sample (briquette) of explosives. Production of a charge of BP is made in two stages:

1 - the formation of a sample of explosives in the briquette;

2 - filling the shell (body, glass, matrix, etc.) by pressing briquettes in it under the influence of press pressure. (Brief Encyclopedic Dictionary “Energy Condensed Systems” / Ed. By B. P. Zhukov. M., Janus-K, 2000, p. 109, paragraphs 1-2 from the bottom).

This method is acceptable for the manufacture of mainly charges of cumulative PSUs, the hallmark of which is a small ratio of the height of the explosive charge to its diameter (not more than 1.6).

In the patent of Germany 3107789 C06B 21/00, F42B 1/00, 1/02 (publication date 11/25/1982) describes a method for manufacturing pressed explosive charges, in which a disk is also placed in the press cavity between the explosive and the punch, which is a disk spring, and in a plane-aligned (straightened) state has a diameter greater than the diameter of the end plane of the punch, and the elasticity of the disk is less than the pressing force. It is assumed that the pressing eliminates the possibility of a gap between the punch and the walls of the housing and, as a result, the penetration of explosive particles into this gap. But explosive particles can fall into the gap between the case and the disk when installing the disk or during its straightening, in which case the pinch of the explosive and subsequent explosion during pressing will occur.

As already noted above, in cumulative BPs, the ratio of the height of the explosive charge to its diameter is significantly less than that of high-explosive fragmentation. Therefore, it is practically impossible to ensure the required explosive density using the above methods in high-explosive fragmentation PSUs even using the most powerful press equipment.

Closest to the proposed invention relating to a method of manufacturing a charge BP, is the method selected as a prototype, known from the brief encyclopedic dictionary "Energy Condensed Systems" / Ed. B.P. Zhukova, M., Janus-K, 2000, p. 111, paragraphs 3-4. This method consists in the sequential supply of portions of explosives in the PSU case and the pressing of each of them with a punch. This method allows to obtain a charge of almost any height with a fairly uniform local density at specific pressing pressures of 350-450 kg / cm ² .

To produce a charge of a power supply in this way, very complex and expensive equipment is used, and the pressing pressure is clearly lower than the stresses in the lower explosive layer arising from a shot, especially for artillery power supplies with their high initial speeds and, consequently, high overloads. Therefore, when fired by an artillery PSU equipped with this method, the explosives are re-pressed, which can lead to premature rupture of the PSU in the channel of the gun barrel.

The proposed invention solves the problem of increasing safety in the manufacture of a charge of a power supply, as well as when firing high-explosive fragmentation explosives with artillery shells, the charge of which is made by the claimed method from the most powerful pressurized explosives, with the maximum possible overloads, at which the voltage at the lower end of the explosive charge does not exceed pressure pressing.

To obtain such a technical result, in the proposed method for producing a high-explosive fragmentation charge, including placing the munition body in the matrix of the press tool, sequentially supplying explosive portions to the ammunition housing and pressing each of them with a punch, install a guide sleeve before pressing each explosive portion and press each a portion of explosives to a given charge density under pressure, the magnitude of which is greater than the voltage in the lower explosive layer that occurs when the munition is fired at maximum overload x, after which a guide bush is mounted on the end face of the matrix and a preformed explosive briquette, on the upper end of which there is a gasket of compressible material, mainly cardboard, with an interference fit of up to 0.015 and a thickness of 0.003-0.03 of the internal diameter of the ammunition shell in place the placement of the gasket, then the explosive briquette is pressed out, while the guide bushings are removed from the PSU case.

The proposed method is illustrated by the drawings shown in figures 1-4.

Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section of the PSU case installed in the matrix before starting to press in the first portion of explosives (left half of the PSU) and after pressing in (right half of the PSU), where 1 is the lower press plate; 2 - liner press tool; 3 - the lower part of the matrix (the matrix is made integral if the PSU case has centering thickenings and a leading girdle); 4 - power supply unit; 5 - the first portion of explosive powder; 6 - guide sleeve; 7 - a punch; 8 - the pressed first part of the charge BP; 9 - the upper part of the matrix; 10 - upper press plate.

Figure 2 is a longitudinal section of the PSU case installed in the matrix, before starting to press in the second portion of explosives (left half of the PSU) and after pressing in (right half of the PSU), where 4 is the PSU case; 8 - the pressed first part of the charge BP; 11 - the second portion of explosive powder; 12 - the second guide sleeve; 13 - the second punch; 14 - pressed second part of the charge BP.

Figure 3 is a longitudinal section of the PSU casing installed in the matrix before the extrusion of the explosive briquette (the left half of the PSU) and after it is pressed out (the right half of the PSU), where 4 is the PSU case; 8 - the pressed first part of the charge BP; 14 - the pressed second part of the charge BP; 15 - briquette BB; 16 - gasket of compressible material; 17 - the third guide sleeve; 18 - the third punch; 19 - compressed briquette BB.

Figure 4 - the bottom of the PSU after assembly, where 20 is the transitional bottom.

The inventive method is as follows.

On the bottom plate 1 of the press (figure 1) install the liner of the press tool 2 and the lower part of the matrix 3, in which the housing 4 PSU and, if necessary, install the upper part of the matrix. Then determine the mass of the portion 5 of the explosive powder, the stroke L _{1 of the} punch 7, the dimensions of the guide sleeve 6 and the punch 7, so that the density of the pressed first portion of the explosive powder corresponds to the specified charge density of the PSU (this density slightly differs from the maximum possible density for this explosive). In the camera body 4 PSU install guide sleeve 6 and serves the first portion 5 of powder BB. Under the action of the pressure P of the press, the value of which must be greater than the voltage in the lower explosive layer that occurs when the PSU is shot at maximum overloads, the upper plate 10 and punch 7 move down to the stop of the latter in the upper end face of the upper part of the matrix 9 and press the first portion 5 of explosive powder . After the lower end of the punch 7 is at the level of the lower end of the guide sleeve 6, and the first portion 5 of the explosive powder is pressed into a predetermined explosive charge density, the punch 7 and the guide sleeve 6 are removed from the power supply unit 4.

Before the second portion 11 of the explosive powder is fed (FIG. 2), its mass, the stroke L _{2 of the} punch 13, the dimensions of the second guide sleeve 12 and the second punch 13 are determined so that the density of the pressed second portion of explosive powder is equal to the density of the pressed first portion 8 of explosive powder. In the PSU case, a second guide sleeve 12 is installed and a second portion 11 of explosive powder is supplied. Under the pressure of the press, the upper plate 10 and the punch 13 are moved down until the latter stops in the upper end of the upper part of the matrix 9 and the second portion 11 of the explosive powder is pressed in. After the lower end of the punch 13 is at the level of the lower end of the guide sleeve 12, and the second portion 11 of the explosive powder is pressed into a predetermined charge density BB, the second punch 13 and the second guide sleeve 12 are removed from the power supply unit 4.

The axial holes in the guide bushings 6 and 12 and the outer side surfaces of the punches 7 and 13 are made with minimal tolerances, as a result of which there are minimal gaps between them, which ensure the safety of press-in portions of explosives.

Finish the production of BP charge by extrusion in the PSU case 4 of a preformed briquette 15 BB (Fig. 3) having a density close to a predetermined BP charge density. Before pressing, the third guide bush 17 is installed on the end face of the upper part 9 of the matrix 17. Then, a BB 15 briquette is inserted into the PSU case 4, which, due to the small stroke L _{3 of the} third punch 18, is completely located in the PSU case 4. At the upper end of the briquette 15 BB, a gasket 16 of a compressible material is installed with an interference fit, which completely eliminates the possibility of ingress and pinching of BB particles between the third punch 18 and the PS case 4 when unpressing the 15 BB briquette.

The gap between the third punch 18 and the PSU case 4 is significantly larger than between the punch and the guide sleeve (for example, in serial production, the tolerance on the diametrical dimensions of the case for a diameter of 120 mm is 10 times greater than the tolerance on the same dimensions of the pressing tool), therefore, for the safety of the final pressing and gasket 16 is installed. Gasket 16 is made primarily of cardboard, but other compressible materials, such as paronite, can also be used. The gasket 16, made of such a material, is easily installed in the PSU case with an interference fit, the value of which can vary from 0 to 0.015 of the internal diameter D _{to the} PSU at the location of the gasket. Greater interference is not allowed, as while laying when installing it in the housing 4 PSU can be deformed.

The thickness range of the gasket 16, equal to 0.003 ... 0.03 of the inner diameter D _{to the} PSU case 4, is determined by the range of pressing pressures, the gap between the PSU case 4 and the third punch 18 and the strength of the gasket 16. The thickness of the gasket 16 is chosen so that it does not cut off at the same time completely blocking the gap between the PSU case 4 and the third punch 18. For example, insulating cardboard is stronger than cushioning cardboard or paronite, and ceteris paribus (the size of the gap, pressing pressure, etc.) allows less deceit. When testing the manufacturing technology of the PSU charge, which is made on an inert composition, you can always make sure the gasket is cut off or not and choose its thickness from the specified range.

The compaction pressure is selected so that the voltage in the lower explosive layer during firing at maximum overload is less than the compaction pressure of the explosive charge. Therefore, when fired, there is no re-pressurization of the explosive charge and the formation of voids inside the PSU case.

The transition bottom 20 is installed in the power supply unit 4 on a thread with a torque. The compressibility of the gasket material 16 ensures its deformation and tight compression by the entire surface of the supporting end of the transitional bottom 20 and eliminating the possibility of forming a one-sided air gap in the event of a possible (technological) non-perpendicularity of the supporting end of the transitional bottom 20.

The absence of such a one-sided gap, as well as the impossibility of the formation of voids inside the case 4 PSU and guarantees the safety of the PSU when fired.

Claims (3)

1. A method of manufacturing a high-explosive fragmentation ordnance charge, comprising placing an ammunition body in a press tool matrix, supplying portions of explosive to the munition housing and pressing each of them with a punch, characterized in that a guide sleeve is installed and each portion is pressed before each shot of explosive is loaded explosive to a given charge density under pressure, the magnitude of which is greater than the voltage in the lower layer of the explosive that occurs when high the ammunition relay at maximum overloads, after which a guide sleeve is mounted on the end of the matrix and a preformed explosive briquette in the munition housing, on the upper end of which there is a gasket made of compressible material, mainly cardboard, with an interference fit of up to 0.015 and an internal thickness of 0.003-0.03 the diameter of the shell of the ammunition at the location of the gasket, then the briquette of the explosive is pressed out, while the guide bushings are removed from the shell of the ammunition. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that before installing the guide sleeve determine its size. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that before pressing in each portion of the explosive, the size of the punch is determined.

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