RU2402200C1 - Phytowall with polychromatic stimulators of plant growth - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: phytowall comprises vertical panel made of rigid, strong, waterproof, non-toxic and rot-protected plastic, fixed to wall of room or building, system of nutrient solution or water supply. Device includes reservoir for water and nutrient solution accumulation arranged in lower part of phytowall, submersible pump electrically connected to control unit and supply unit, and by means of discharge pipe - to distributor tube. Distributor tube is located across the panel on its upper end. Distributor tube includes outlet holes, with pitch equal to distance between pockets for plants. Pockets for plants are detachably fixed to the panel in rows along horizontal line and in columns along vertical line. Device comprises facility to supply of nutrient solution to roots of plants and source of light. Facility for supply of nutrient solution is arranged in the form of pad from synthetic material with high hydrophilic properties. Pad is attached to the panel by means of brackets, and in upper part it covers distributor tube made of plastic. Calibrated jets that guide nutrient solution flow towards pad are installed in outlet holes of tube. Ratio of total flow rate of jets and reservoir capacity provides for time of drip irrigation with nutrient solution in autonomous mode of supply for at least two weeks at nominal room temperatures. Optionally, tank is made of wood with water-repellent treatment or plastic. Source of light has artificial polychromatic radiation and consists of horizontal lamp fixed to upper part and vertical lamps fixed to sides of phytowall panel, or is mounted on external brackets to room wall. Lamps are arranged with the possibility to provide for modes of spectrum change along with stages of phytowall plants life: formation of root system at the first stage and formation of leaf mass at the second stage, as well as mode of additional radiation to required duration of daylight hours. Lamps are placed into reflector, where one, two or more lamps may simultaneously be located, depending on current stage of phytowall plants life. Control unit is equipped with timer for submersible pump connection within 10-15 minutes from 3 to 8 times per day depending on moisture and temperature of air in the room, and timer of lamps operation mode switching control.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to improve operational capabilities and intensity of plant growth.

4 cl, 11 dwg

Description

The invention relates to floriculture and crop production and can be used for growing plants indoors, including in short daylight hours or in the absence of external lighting, and can also be used for growing plants in a nutrient-free environment without soil by hydroponics, including for creating a vertical floral panel for the improvement of premises, offices, shop windows using growing decorative crops.

The problem of enclosed spaces is the high bacterial saturation of air during prolonged stays of people, contributing to the spread of various kinds of infections. The situation is complicated by the presence in the air of toxic gaseous substances released by building, decoration materials, furniture or toxic substances coming from outside.

The use of green walls in the premises is a new biological method - environmental phytodesign, which consists in the use of plants with pronounced phytoncide and getter properties to improve the air environment of the premises.

Volatile emissions (phytoncides) of plants have a bactericidal, bacteriostatic, fungicidal effect against pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microflora for humans. Many plant species absorb gaseous compounds toxic to humans from indoor air, thereby purifying the air environment.

A device is known for growing plants on a vertical panel attached to the wall of a room or building, a nutrient solution supply system, pockets for plants that are removably attached to the panel in horizontal rows and vertical columns, a means of supplying a nutrient solution to the roots of plants and a lighting source (patent Germany DE3607772, IPC A01G 9/02, 1986).

Also known is a device for growing plants without land, containing a vertical panel made of plastic and attached to the wall of a room or building, a system for supplying nutrient solution or water, pockets for plants that are removably attached to the panel in horizontal rows and vertical columns (French patent Fr 2747265, IPC-7 A01G 31/02, 2000).

A device is known for growing plants on a vertical panel made of rigid material and attached to the wall of a room or building, a system for supplying a nutrient solution or water, plant fixing means (German patent DE 2733428, IPC-7 A01G 31/02, 2000).

A device is known for growing plants on a vertical panel made of rigid material and attached to the wall of the room by means of plant attachment (US patent US 5257476, IPC A01G 1/00, 1993).

A device for growing plants without land on a vertical panel is known, comprising a system for supplying a nutrient solution or water, a pump electrically connected to a control unit and a power unit connected via a pressure pipe to a distribution pipe located across the panel at its upper end, in the distribution pipe outlet openings with a step equal to the distance between the plant pockets, which are removably attached to the panel in an arbitrary place on the panel, a nutrient supply means solution to the roots of the plants and the light source (patent Fr 2,634,971, IPC-7 A01G 31/02, 2000).

All these known technical solutions have the following disadvantages - they cannot be used in rooms with limited sunlight or in its absence. The devices have limited operational capabilities due to the lack of a complex combination of power and duration of lighting with the volume and dosage of the nutrient solution supplied to the plant roots.

A device for growing plants without land is known, containing a vertical panel made of hard, durable, waterproof, non-toxic and rot-proof plastic and attached to the wall of a room or building, a system for supplying a nutrient solution or water, the device including a storage tank water and a nutrient solution located in the lower part of the phytowall, a submersible pump electrically connected to the control unit and the power unit, connected via a pressure pipe to a distribution pipe located across the panel at its upper end, in the distribution pipe, outlet openings are made with a step equal to the distance between the plant pockets, which are removably attached to the panel in horizontal rows and vertical columns, a means of supplying a nutrient solution to the plant roots and a lighting source (Russian patent RU 2163755, IPC ⁷ A01G 31/02, 2000).

This technical solution is the closest to the invention, therefore, taken as a prototype.

The disadvantages of the prototype are the impossibility of using a technical solution in rooms with limited sunlight or in its absence, and limited operational capabilities due to the lack of a complex combination of power and duration of lighting with the volume and dosage of the nutrient solution to the plant roots.

These disadvantages are eliminated in the claimed technical solution, where, to increase the operational capabilities, the conditions for growing plants are close to natural due to the optimization of the combination of intensity, exposure time and light distribution of polychromatic growth stimulants, as well as a uniform automatically dosed supply of nutrient solution to the plant roots.

The following are general and particular essential features characterizing the causal relationship of the utility model with the specified technical result.

Phytostall with polychromatic plant growth stimulators, containing a vertical panel made of hard, durable, waterproof, non-toxic and rot-proof plastic and attached to the wall of a room or building, a system for supplying a nutrient solution or water, the device includes a tank for storing water and a nutrient solution located at the bottom of the phytowall, a submersible pump electrically connected to the control unit and the power unit, connected by means of a pressure pipe With the distribution tube located across the panel at its upper end, the distribution holes are made in the distribution tube with a step equal to the distance between the plant pockets, which are removably attached to the panel in horizontal rows and vertical columns, a means of supplying the nutrient solution to the roots of the plants and light source. The specified means of supplying the nutrient solution is made in the form of a lining of a synthetic material with high hydrophilic properties, which is attached to the panel by means of brackets, and in the upper part it covers the specified distribution tube made of plastic, in the outlet openings of which are calibrated nozzles directing the flow of the nutrient solution to overlay. The ratio of the total flow rate of the nozzles and the tank capacity ensures the time of drip irrigation with a nutrient solution in an autonomous supply mode for at least two weeks at nominal room temperatures. The tank is made selectively of wood with water-repellent impregnation or plastic. The specified light source has artificial polychromatic radiation and consists of a horizontal luminaire attached to the upper part and vertical luminaires, selectively attached to the lateral sides of the phytowall panel or to the room wall by means of remote brackets. Lamps of luminaires are made with the possibility of providing regimes for changing the spectrum at the stages of the plant life phase of the phytowall: the formation of the root system at the first stage and the formation of leaf mass at the second stage, as well as the regime of additional irradiation to the desired length of daylight. These lamps are placed in a reflector, in which one, two or more lamps can simultaneously be located, depending on the current stage of plant life. The control unit is equipped with a timer for turning on the submersible pump for 10-15 minutes from 3 to 8 times a day, depending on the humidity and temperature of the air in the room and a timer for controlling the switching of the lamp operation modes. The specified panel overlay of the phytowall is made of a woven material with ion-exchange fibers with nutrient impregnation. The discharge pipe is located on the back of the panel. On the bottom of the panel there are guide elements for the nutrient solution draining into the tank.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where: in Fig.1 shows a General view of the installation; figure 2 is a side view of figure 1; figure 3 is a top view of figure 1; figure 4 is a view a in figure 2; figure 5 is an enlarged part of the panel in figure 1; figure 6 - lamp with two lamps, side view; Fig.7 is the same, a top view; on Fig - the same with the removed end wall; in Fig.9 - the lamp of Fig.8 with one lamp (enlarged); figure 10 - lamp of figure 8 with three lamps (enlarged); figure 11 is a General view of the lamp in figure 1 in a perspective view (side lights not shown).

A phytostall with polychromatic plant growth stimulators consists of a vertical panel 1 made of hard, durable, waterproof, non-toxic and rot-proof plastic and attached to the wall 2 (Fig. 4) of a room or building. The device comprises a system for supplying a nutrient solution or water, while the device includes a tank 3 for accumulating water and a nutrient solution located in the lower part of the phytowall, a submersible pump 4, electrically connected to the control unit 5 and the power unit 6. The pressure pipe is connected to the distribution tube 8, is located across the panel 1 at its upper end. The outlet 8 is made in the tube 8 with a step equal to the distance between the pockets 9 for plants (not shown). Pockets 9 are removably attached to the panel 1 in horizontal rows and vertical columns. The means of supplying the nutrient solution to the roots of the plants is made in the form of a lining 10 made of synthetic material with high hydrophilic properties, which is attached to the panel by means of brackets 12 (Fig. 5), and in the upper part it covers the specified distribution tube 8, mounted in brackets 13 and made of plastics. Calibrated nozzles 14 are installed in the outlet openings of the distribution tube, directing the flow of the nutrient solution to the plate 10, and the ratio of the total flow rate of the nozzles 14 and the tank 3 capacity provides drip irrigation with the nutrient solution in the stand-alone supply mode for at least two weeks at nominal room temperatures. Tank 3 is made selectively from wood with water-repellent impregnation or plastic. The specified light source has artificial polychromatic radiation and consists of a horizontal 15 luminaire attached to the upper part and 16 vertical luminaires, selectively attached to the lateral sides of the panel 1 of the phytowall or to the wall 2 of the room using remote brackets (not shown). The lamps 17 of the luminaires are made with the possibility of providing regimes for changing the spectrum according to the stages of the plant life phase of the phytowall: the formation of the root system at the first stage and the formation of leaf mass at the second stage, as well as the additional irradiation mode to the desired length of daylight. These lamps are placed in the reflector 18, in which one, two or more lamps can simultaneously be located, depending on the current stage of plant life of the phytowalls, while the control unit 5 is equipped with a timer to turn on the submersible pump 4 for 10-15 minutes from 3 to 8 times per day, depending on humidity and air temperature in the room, and a control timer (not shown) by switching the operation modes of the lamps. In the tank 3, stiffening ribs 19 (FIG. 3) can be made for stiffening. The specified overlay panel 1 phytowalls can be made of woven material with ion-exchange fibers with nutrient impregnation. The pressure pipe can be placed on the back of the panel. At the bottom of the panel, guide elements can be installed for the nutrient solution draining into the tank.

The technical result from the use of the claimed technical solution is to increase the operational capabilities and intensity of plant growth.

The specified technical result is obtained by optimizing the intensity, direction and duration of the light flux from polychromatic light sources and time and flow characteristics of the supply of a nutrient medium to the roots of plant phytostenes. This is achieved by new distinctive features of the claimed technical solution.

Comparison of the claimed technical solution with the prior art known from the scientific, technical and patent documentation as of the priority date in the main and related sections did not reveal a tool that has features identical to all the features contained in the claims proposed by the applicant, including the purpose of the application. Those. the set of essential features of the claimed solution was not previously known and is not identical to any known technical solutions, therefore, it meets the condition of patentability "novelty".

This technical solution is industrially applicable, since the purpose of the application is indicated in the application materials, it can be manufactured industrially in industry and used in various areas of the national economy, efficiently, feasibly and reproducibly, and the distinguishing features of the device allow to obtain the desired technical result.

The invention, as described in each of the claims, can be carried out using the tools and methods described in patent RU 2163755, which became public until the priority date of the invention. An analysis of the known technical solutions in the art showed that the proposed device does not follow explicitly from the prior art for the specialist, since solutions have not been identified that have features that match the distinguishing features of the invention and the influence of the distinctive features on the technical result indicated in the application materials is not confirmed. . Those. the claimed solution has features that are absent in the known technical solutions, and the use of these signs in the claimed combination of essential features makes it possible to obtain a new technical result, therefore, the proposed technical solution can be obtained only through a creative approach and is not obvious to the average person skilled in the art, t .e. has an inventive step in comparison with the existing level of technology.

The device operates as follows:

the pump 4 lowers to the bottom of the tank 3, the pipe 7 from the pump 4 passes upward along the panel 1, through which the nutrient solution is supplied to the upper part of the phytowall through the tube 8 with holes for drip irrigation. Water flows to the surface of the panel and moisturizes the fabric, and then flows into the tank 3 under the action of gravity. Due to the hydrophilic properties of the fabric of the lining 10, the solution is distributed over the entire surface of the panel 1, thereby maintaining constant moistening of the root system of plants. Mineral fertilizing is applied to the tank 4 times in 10-14 days.

The phytowall is rather simple in production. Panel 1 of environmentally friendly, waterproof plastic is attached to the wall in the room with brackets. On plastic there are fabric pockets 9 (material of pockets, for example, French “aquanappe”, domestic “dornit”), in which plants will be planted later on.

Soil is not used in the phytostall - plants sprout roots in the tissue.

Watering in the system is automatic - for this, a submersible pump 4 and a system of tubes 7, 8 with droppers (jets) 14 for watering are used. Pump 4 is located in the lower part of the phytowall, in the tank for irrigation (the tank volume depends on the size of the wall). The tube 8 is sewn horizontally into the fabric in the upper row of the structure.

The system is equipped with a timer, which allows the user not to worry about daily watering of plants and eliminates the need to manually adjust the water supply.

The phytowall can function both in an autonomous mode, without connecting to a water supply and sewage system, and can be an open-loop system - it all depends on the characteristics of the room. In each case, the best option for the water supply system is selected.

The principle of vertical plant growth was invented by nature itself, for example, in the countries of Southeast Asia and in the tropical forests of South America, more than two thousand plant species are able to grow and develop on rock surfaces, on tree trunks. In the claimed phytosthene, mainly an assortment of plants is used that naturally grow freely on vertical surfaces. Among them are ferns, begonias, ivies and others that are not allergens and do not emit toxic substances.

Using the device makes it possible to improve the quality of the human environment, to improve the ecological phytodesign of the interior, at the same time it is a design and preventive design tool that heals both by cleaning the air with plants and by improving the visual perception of the environment due to greenery and flowers planted on the phytostall.

Claims (4)

1. Phytostall with polychromatic plant growth stimulators, containing a vertical panel made of hard, durable, waterproof, non-toxic and rot-proof plastic and attached to the wall of a room or building, a nutrient solution or water supply system, the device includes a container for accumulation of water and a nutrient solution, located in the lower part of the phytowall, a submersible pump, electrically connected to the control unit and the power supply, and by means of a pressure pipe with the distribution tube located across the panel at its upper end, in the distribution pipe there are outlet openings with a step equal to the distance between the plant pockets, which are removably attached to the panel in horizontal rows and vertical columns, a means of supplying the nutrient solution to the plant roots and a light source characterized in that the means for supplying the nutrient solution is made in the form of a lining of a synthetic material with high hydrophilic properties, which is attached to the panel m of brackets, and in the upper part it covers the specified distribution tube made of plastic, in the outlet openings of which are calibrated nozzles directing the flow of the nutrient solution to the plate, and the ratio of the total flow rate of the nozzles and the tank capacity provides drip irrigation with the nutrient solution in an autonomous supply mode in a period of time of at least two weeks at nominal room temperatures, while the tank is made selectively of wood with water-repellent impregnation or plastic, and the lighting point has artificial polychromatic radiation and consists of a horizontal lamp attached to the top and vertical lamps attached to the sides of the phytowall panel, or mounted on remote brackets to the wall of the room, lamp lamps are made with the possibility of providing spectrum changing modes according to the stages of the plant life phase phytowalls: the formation of the root system at the first stage and the formation of leaf mass at the second stage, as well as the regime of additional exposure to about the required length of daylight hours, these lamps are placed in a reflector, in which one, two or more lamps can simultaneously be located, depending on the current stage of plant life of the phytowall, while the control unit is equipped with a timer to turn on the submersible pump for 10-15 minutes, from 3 to 8 times a day, depending on humidity and air temperature in the room, and a timer for controlling the switching of lamp operation modes. 2. Phytowall with polychromatic plant growth stimulants according to claim 1, characterized in that the overlay of the phytowall panel is made of woven material with ion-exchange fibers with nutrient impregnation. 3. Phytostall with polychromatic plant growth stimulants according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure tube is placed on the rear side of the panel. 4. Phytostall with polychromatic plant growth stimulants according to claim 1, characterized in that on the bottom of the panel there are guide elements for the nutrient solution draining into the tank.

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